1912 . 
1245 
THE STORAGE OF CROPS. 
Part III. 
Store Dry. —The material to be stored 
should be free from dampness as far as 
possible. A damp, moist condition is 
very favorable to the growth of the 
various fungi which infect vegetables 
and fruits and hasten their decay. Then, 
too, the various crops can be handled 
with much greater ease and speed when 
dry than when in a wet condition. When 
it is necessary to plow out or pull roots 
from moist or soggy soil it is well to 
allow the roots to dry off either before 
or after topping, the former being pref¬ 
erable, as the roots are usually thrown 
into piles when topped by the workmen. 
Pits or Cellars. —If the method of 
burying or covering with earth, litter, 
or any other material is used, no mat¬ 
ter what crops we are dealing with, the 
pit should never be covered at the time 
of pitting, as it is to remain through the 
Winter. Sudden changes in weather 
conditions are likely to occur at the 
time of year when root crops, cabbage 
and the like are being stored, and heavy 
losses may be sustained if the crop is 
covered too heavily at the time of stor¬ 
age. Damaging freezes are not likely to 
occur at this time and a light covering 
will give sufficient protection until such 
a time as heavier freezes occur, when 
additional covering should be given; 
Whether pits or root cellars are used, 
they should be located so as to be easily 
accessible. If pits are used arrange¬ 
ments should be made to take out a load 
or more at a time instead of opening 
pits often in very cold weather. 
Temperature can be regulated to some 
extent in nearly all crops stored. If a 
specially prepared structure, as a root 
cellar or storage house, is used, the tem¬ 
perature can be regulated very well, 
maintaining the temperature most desir¬ 
able for the best results. However, if 
pits or similar contrivances are used, the 
temperature cannot be easily watched 
or regulated and we have to make the 
best of conditions as we find them. The 
temperature to be maintained varies with 
the vegetable. In general, a tempera¬ 
ture near the freezing point is best for 
such vegetables as would be stored in 
a root cellar. A temperature of 35° F. 
is considered ideal by the best authori¬ 
ties for a root cellar. The proper regu¬ 
lation of the temperature in the Fall 
will mean much toward keeping the crop 
in good condition throughout the period 
of storage. The doors and ventilators 
of the root house should be left open at 
night and closed during the day at this 
season of the year. This tends to keep 
the temperature uniform by letting in 
the cool air at night and keeping out 
the warm air during the daytime. 
Moisture is a factor which is so im¬ 
portant that unless its relation to the 
crop is understood it may cause serious 
loss. Each vegetable to be stored has 
its special requirements as to moisture 
as well as to temperature, light, etc. 
An over-amount of moisture is harmful 
to any crop. However, some vegetables 
are fitted better to survive a too 
moist condition than others. For in¬ 
stance, an over-dry air or condition will 
ruin a root crop or a celery crop as 
soon as a moist atmosphere or condi¬ 
tion would demolish a crop of onions 
or squash. The latter need as dry an 
atmosphere as it is possible to maintain, 
while the proper condition of moistness 
of the earth about our root crops is 
necessary to prevent undue evaporation. 
Ventilation is essential in the main¬ 
tenance of proper temperature and hu¬ 
midity. The air in root cellars should 
be kept fairly dry and cool at all times. 
Necessary ventilation is obtained by the 
use of windows at the ends of root cel¬ 
lars and ventilators in the roof, although 
windows alone will serve the purpose if 
the ventilators have not been provided 
in the roof. In the case of pits ventila¬ 
tion is secured through bundles of 
straw stood on end at proper intervals 
along the top of our pit. The covering 
is banked up to and around this straw 
ventilator, but it is not covered. In 
some cases tiles are used in place of 
the bundles of straw, and as very severe 
weather approaches the tiles are covered, 
or they are pulled out and the place they 
occupied is well covered with the material 
used. Light is important with some 
vegetables, while of no special benefit 
or detriment to others. Potatoes, for 
instance, must not be left to the lighf 
long, or those exposed will turn green. 
Celery cannot be properly bleached un¬ 
less all light is excluded from the parts 
to be bleached. Nearly any vegetables, 
when exposed to the light for too long 
a time after being harvested, will lose 
THE RUR -YI> 
their proper color, or will be changed to 
an undesirable color. This is not meant 
to apply to such vegetables as the 
squash, pumpkin, etc., which grow in the 
full light of day and are accustomed to 
it, but to such as grow where the light 
is partially or wholly excluded from 
them while growing, such as potatoes 
and roots. j. vernon sheap. 
Michigan. 
NEW YORK FARMERS’ INSTITUTES. 
Albany Co.—Selkirk, Jan. 13, 1913. 
Allegany Co.—Belfast, Jan. 24-25, 1913 ; 
Friendship, Jan. 27; Andover, Jan. 28; AI 
fred (Farmers’ Days), Mar. 3, 4, 5, 6. 
Broome Co.—Upper Lisle, Feb. 25, 1913. 
Cattaraugus Co.—Cottage, Jan. 13, 1913; 
Gowanda, Jan. 14; Leon, Jan. 16; Ran¬ 
dolph, Jan. 17-18; Limestone, Jan. 20; Al¬ 
legany, Jan. 21; Ischua, Jan. 22; Franklin- 
ville, Jan. 23. 
Cayuga Co.—Victory, Dec. 21, 1912; 
Union Springs, Dec. 27; Fair Haven, Feb. 
19, 1913; Ira, Feb. 20; Fort Byron, Feb. 
*21-22; Moravia, Feb. 25 ; Dresserville, 
Feb. 26; East Venice, Feb. 27; Poplar 
Ridge, Feb. 28 ; Sennett, Feb. *28-Mar. 1. 
Chautauqua Co.—Stedman, Jan. 2, 1913 ; 
Sherman, Jan. 3-4; Niobe, Jan. 6; Frcws- 
burg, Jan. 7; Sinclair, Jan. 8; Gerry, Jan. 
9; Falconer, Jan. 10-11; Cherry Creek, Jan. 
15; Ripley, Mar. 7-8; Fredonia, Mar. 10-11; 
Busti, Mar. 12. 
Chemung Co.—Pine City, Feb. 13, 1913; 
Chemung, Feb. 14; Ilorseheads, Feb. *14- 
15 ; Millport, Feb. 17 ; Erin, Feb. 18. 
Columbia Co.—Germantown, Jan. 6, 
1913; Johnstown, Jan. 7 ; Claverack, Jan. 
8; West Ghent, Jan. 9; East Chatham, Jan. 
27 ; Old Chatham, Jan. 28 ; Copake, Jan. 30. 
Cortland Co. — Truxton, Feb. *14-15, 
1913; Preble, Feb. *21-22; Marathon, Feb. 
24; Texas Valley, Feb. 26; Cincinnatus, 
Feb. 27; Cortland, Feb. 28-Mar. 1; Virgil, 
Mar. 4 ; Harford, Mar. 5. 
Delaware Co.—Delhi, Dec. 17, 1912; 
Sidney (Farmers’ Days), Dec. 17, 18, 19; 
Davenport. Dec. 18; Treadwell, Dec. 19; 
Franklin, Dec. 20-21. 
Dutchess Co. — Rhinebeck, Jan. *3-4, 
1913; Wiccopee, Feb. 6; Pine Plains, Feb. 
7-18; Union Vale, Feb. 10; Freedom Plains, 
Feb. 11; Clinton Corners, Feb. 12-13. 
Erie Co.—Akron, Jan. 9, 1913; Alden, 
Jan. *10-11 ; Chaffee, Jan. 13. 
Franklin Co.—Gabriels, Dec. 19, 1912; 
Brushton, Dec. 20-21; Malone, Jan. 20, 
1913; Dickinson Center, Jan. 21 ; Bombay, 
Jan. 24-25. 
Fulton Co.—Mayfield, Jan. 15, 1913; 
Johnstown, Jan. 16; Crum Creek, Mar. 10. 
Genesee Co.—Elba, Jan. 6, 1913; Oak- 
field, Jan. 7 ; Alabama Center, Jan. 8; 
Corfu, Jan. 10; Darien, Jan. 16; Bethany 
Center, Jan. 17; Pavilion Center, Jan. 
24-*25 ; LeRoy, Feb. 28. 
Jefferson Co.—Natural Bridge, Dec. 12, 
1912; Carthage, Dee. 16; Ilounsfield, Dec. 
17; Belleville, Dec. 18; La Fargeville, Jan. 
9, 1913 ; St. Lawrence, Jan. 10; Chauinont, 
Jan. *10-11; Henderson, Jan. 13; Smith- 
ville, Jan. 14; Redwood, Jan. 15; Antwerp, 
Jan. *24-25. 
Lewis Co.—Talcottville, Dec. 11, 1912; 
Harrisville, Dec. *13-14; Lowville, Jan. 7. 
1913 ; Denmark, Jan. 8. 
Livingston Co.—Springwater, Jan. 27, 
1913; Conesus, Jan. 28; Livonia, Jan. 29; 
Tuscarora, Jan. 30; Linwood, Jan. 31 ; 
Caledonia, Feb. 1 ; Dansville (Farmers’ 
Days), Mar. 5, 6, 7. 
Madison Co. — Stockbridge, Jan. 3-4, 
1913; Madison, Feb. 6; Hamilton, Feb. 
7; Earlville, Feb. *7-8; Cazenovia, Jan. 
10; Nelson, Jan. 11; Erieville, Jan. 12; 
New Woodstock, Feb. 13; De Ruyter, Feb. 
14; Brookfield, Feb. 17-18. 
Monroe Co. — Brockport, Jan. 23-24, 
1913; West Henrietta, Jan. *24-25; Hilton, 
Jan. 29; I’ittsford, Jan. 31-Feb. 1; Iloncoye 
Falls, Feb. 3-4; Webster, Feb. 17; Mum- 
ford, Feb. 24. 
Montgomery Co. — Minaville, Jan. 14, 
1913; Seeber’s Lane Grange, Canajoharie, 
Jan. 17; St. Johnsville, Jan. *17-18; Glen, 
Mar. 7 ; Rural Grove, Mar. *7-8. 
Nassau Co.—Mineola, Feb. 3-4, 1913. 
Niagara Co.—Ransomville, Jan. 3, 1913 ; 
La Salle, Jan. 4; Pekin, Jan. 6; Gasport, 
Jan. 7; Newfane, Jan. 8; Barker, Jan. 9. 
Oneida Co.-—Knoxboro, Jan. 2, 1913; 
Boonville, Jan. 6; Camden, Mar. 12; Chad¬ 
wicks, Mar. 13. 
Onondaga Co.-—Baldwinsville, Feb. 18, 
1913 ; Onondaga, Feb. 19 ; Skaneateles, Feb. 
20; Tully, Feb. 21; Jordan. Feb. 26; War¬ 
ner, Feb. 27; North Manlius, Feb. 28; 
Otisco, Mar. 1 ; Fabius, Mar. 3. 
Ontario Co.—Victor Village, Jan. 30, 
1913; Reed Corners, Feb. 3; Naples, Feb. 
6; Bristol Springs, Feb. 7; Bristol Center, 
Feb. *7-8; Shortsville, Feb. 25; Seneca 
Castle, Mar. 12 ; Phelps, Mar. 13. 
Orange Co.—Balmville, Jan. 3, 1913; 
Washingtonville, Feb. 13 ; Monroe, Feb. 14 ; 
East Chester, Feb. *14-15; Otisville, Feb. 
17; Goshen. Feb. 18; Pine Bush, Feb. 19; 
Bullville, Feb. 20; Unionville, Feb. 21; 
Slate Hill, Feb. *21-22. 
Orleans Co.—Lyndonville, Jan.* 10, 1913; 
Waterport, Jan. *10-11; Medina, Jan. 20; 
East Shelby, Jan. 21 ; Clarendon, Jan. 22 ; 
Kendall, Jan. 27 ; Morton, Jan. 28; Albion 
(Farmers’ Days), Feb. 25, 26, 27. 
Oswego Co.—Lacona, Dec. 19, 1912; Wil- 
liamstown, Doc. 20; Amboy, Dec. 21 ; Han¬ 
nibal, Feb. 10. 1913; Mexico, Feb. 11; Pu¬ 
laski, Feb. 12; Parish, Feb. 13; Central 
Square, Feb. 14; Bernhards Bay, Feb. *14- 
15: Phoenix, Feb. 17. 
Otsego Co.—Oneonta, .Tan. 11, 1913; 
Westville, Jan. 13 ; Springfield Center, Jan. 
14; Pierstown, Jan. 15; Hartwick, Jan. 16; 
Garrettsville, Jan. 17; Edmeston, .Tan. 18; 
Morris, Jan. 20; Elk Creek, Jan. 21; 
Worcester, Jan. 22. 
Putnam Co.—Patterson, Jan. 31, 1913; 
Carmel, Feb. 3; Adams Corners, Feb. 4. 
Rensselaer Co.—Iloosick Falls, Dec. 13- 
14, 1912; Center Brunswick, Jan. 10-11, 
1913; Stephentown, Jan. 29; East Green- 
bush, Mar. 3; West Sand Lake, Mar. 4; 
Raymortown, Mar. 5. 
Rockland Co.—Tallinans, Feb. 24-25, 
1913. 
St. Lawrence Co.-—Fine, Dec. 13. 1912: 
Edwardsville, Jan. 16, 1913; Lisbon, Jan. 
17; Gouverneur, Jan. *17-18; Madrid, Jan. 
18; Waddington, Jan. 20; Massena, Jan. 
21; Nicholville, Jan. 22; Winthrop, Jan. 
22; Lawrenceville, Jan. 23; Rensselaer 
Falls, Jan. 23 ; Ilermon, Jan. 24. 
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HENRY DISSTON & SONS, Incorporated 
Keystone Saw, Tool, Steel and File Works 
P.O.Box J 1 S3 7, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
L™ ■ ■ " . —mr- ■ ■ 
Disston 
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ROUGH WEATHER ARCTICS 
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Beacon Falls, Conn. 
NkwYork Chicago Boston 
106DuaneSt. 307 W.Monroe St. 241 Con.St. 
VA 
