148 
FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 
de.aux-oil emulsion. However, the maxi¬ 
mum infestation was reached from two 
to three weeks earlier than on unsprayed 
trees. 
Scale insects became very abundant 
and did considerable damage following 
applications of plain Bordeaux. They 
became less abundant and did far less 
damage where the Bordeaux is combined 
with oil emulsion at the rate of one-half 
per cent, or one-half the strength usually 
used against scale insects and white fly. 
Where Bordeaux was combined with one 
per cent oil emulsion, followed by a 
straight oil emulsion spray, scale insects 
did not increase more rapidly than on un¬ 
sprayed trees, but became somewhat 
more numerous than where lime-sulphur 
was used, at the usual dilutions for con¬ 
trolling fungus diseases,. 
Bordeaux-oil emulsion spray should 
never be expected to take the place of the 
oil emulsion spraying for white fly and 
scale during May and June and should 
always be followed by at least a single 
application of the latter. 
Most of the commercial Bordeaux 
pastes and powders will give satisfactory 
results if used according to their copper 
content basis, and can be mixed with the 
various oil emulsions. Some of them, 
however, will not mix with the oil emul¬ 
sion without being treated. This objec¬ 
tion can be overcome by the addition of 
a small amount of lime after the Bor¬ 
deaux has been dissolved and put in the 
spray tank. Severe injury has been re¬ 
ported following the use of a commercial 
substitute for Bordeaux-oil emulsion. On 
investigation it was found that the arti¬ 
cle was in no sense a Bordeaux-oil emul¬ 
sion combination and should never have 
been used as such. 
The results to date of tests with the 
Bordeaux-oil emulsion mixture, have been 
highly satisfactory and indicate that it 
will prove very effective in the control 
of certain fungus diseases of citrus and 
that its use is not followed by injury to 
the trees or fruit or by abnormal increase 
of scale insects such as follows plain Bor¬ 
deaux. While it may be too soon to make 
definite recommendations of it for exten¬ 
sive grove treatments, it seems proper at 
this time to inform growers on the sub¬ 
ject and suggest the desirability of their 
trying it out in a limited way in this sea¬ 
sons’s spraying. Since plain Bordeaux 
must be followed by an application of oil 
emulsion and since the combination of 
Bordeaux and oil emulsion is equally ef¬ 
fective as when these sprays are applied 
separately, there is no apparent reason 
why they should not be applied in com¬ 
bination, thereby reducing the cost of 
spraying operations. To this end the 
writers will be glad to give through cor¬ 
respondence any further details that may 
be. required by any individual. 
W. W. Yothers (after reading paper) : 
I should say that this matter of spraying 
with Bordeaux-oil emulsion combination 
is, in my opinion, beyond all question the 
most serious one that confronts any or- 
chardist who practices spraying. There 
seems to be no other way of controlling 
some, citrus diseases except by Bordeaux 
and when you put Bordeaux on the trees 
then you practically eliminate the benefit 
which the grower receives from benefi¬ 
cial fungi. This then places the entire 
control of both diseases and insects on an 
