LYMAN: STUDIES OF HYMENOMYCETES. 
141 
Zukal (’89) found on the decaying leaves and fruit of the olive a 
fungus externally resembling a Marasmius. No spores were pro¬ 
duced on the ventral face of the pileus, but on the dorsal surface a 
hymenium was formed, which consisted of hvpha ends, each swelling 
to form a thick-walled roughened spore whose germination was not 
observed. This hymenium had a great resemblance to the uredo- 
fructification of the Uredineae, especially when, as occasionally 
happened, the stipe remained undeveloped. Zukal believes this to 
be a peculiar Hymenomycete in which the conidiophore has not yet 
become specialized into a basidium. In the opinion of Fayod (’89b) 
it is a conidial stage in the development of some agaric. But in the 
absence of further knowledge of this peculiar fungus, we must regard 
its affinity to the Basidiomycetes as very doubtful. 
Polyporaceae. — Oidia are not so common in this group as in the 
Agaricaceae, although Brefeld (’89) found them in certain species of 
Daedalea, Trametes, and Polyporus. 
Chlamydospores, on the other hand, occur in many species, and 
have been reported by Tubeuf (’ 02 ) on the mycelium of Merulius 
lacrymans, by Fayod (’89a) in the hymenium of Polyporus ( Pomes ) 
lucidus, by Farneti (’ 01 ) in the hymenium of Boletus briosianus Far., 
and by other writers in species of Polyporus and related genera, where 
they sometimes occur in such abundance as to form definite fructifi¬ 
cations of their own,— the basidio-fructification in some species 
is unknown or only occasionally recognizable. A ehlamydosporic 
formation of this character was named Ptychogaster albus by Corda 
(’38), and has been variously classified with the Myxomycetes, with 
Pilacre, with the Lycoperdaceae, as a case of parasitism or cohabita¬ 
tion of two species, as a conidial stage of a species of the Ascomycetes, 
and as a monstrous form of Polyporus (Corda, ’38, Tulasne, ’65, 
Tulasne, L. R., and E., ’72, Cornu, ’76, de Bary, ’87, etc.). Ludwig 
(’80) found a Polyporus hymenium in Ptychogaster albus , and renamed 
the plant Polyporus ptychogaster. Boudier, Patouillard, de Seynes, 
and others have described a considerable number of species of Ptycho¬ 
gaster, some of which have been definitely connected with the Poly¬ 
poraceae by culture study and by the discovery of basidiosporic 
hymenia, while the identity of others is still unknown. Brefeld (’89) 
made the new genus Oligoporus to include species of Polyporaceae 
with copious formation of chlamydospores, corresponding to the genus 
Nyctalis among the Agaricaceae; while Saccardo in “Sylloge fun- 
