LYMAN: STUDIES OF HYMENOMYCETES. 
157 
of the parent cell. In the case of typical ehlamydospores any cell 
may produce a spore, and the walls of the abandoned portions of the 
cell remain unchanged and finally disappear. In the case of this 
species, however, the spore is normally formed in a terminal cell, 
and the empty portions of the parent cell are differentiated into stipe 
and appendage which persist as permanent parts of the spore. When 
the typical chlamydospore chances to be formed subterminally the 
resemblance is more exact, as the empty end of the parent hypha 
simulates the appendage of the Michenera spore. This subterminal 
position has become habitual with the Michenera, resulting in the 
formation of the characteristic attenuated appendage. But every 
fructification shows many exceptions to this rule, in the case of spores 
in which the appendage is absent or has developed vigorous growth, 
perhaps with the formation of other spores beyond; in the latter 
instance the spore has an intercalary position like an ordinary chlamy¬ 
dospore. 
The second distinction between these spores and typical chlamydo- 
spores is that the former are grouped into definite fructifications. 
In agar cultures of Michenera isolated spores are frequently produced 
by the mycelium independent of any fructification, but under more 
natural conditions the spores are collected in a highly differentiated 
structure with a well defined hymenium. No such condition is known 
in the case of undoubted ehlamydospores, but the nearest approach is 
found in Nyctalis, Ptychogaster, and Fistulina, where extensive chlamy- 
dosporic fruit bodies are formed, though there is no definite hymenium 
and the fructifications are formed through the usurpation by the 
ehlamydospores of What were primarily basidiosporic fructifications. 
It seems impossible to avoid classing these bodies as ehlamydospores 
since their method of formation is chlamydosporic. They are, how¬ 
ever, more highly organized than other spores of this nature, and in 
assuming the habit of forming definite fructifications, they have 
developed many of the characteristics of the higher types of spores. 
History of Michenera artocreas .— This fungus has, by common 
consent, been given a place among the Thelephoraceae, although the 
justification for this classification is not apparent. It is true that 
there is a certain external resemblance between the Michenera fructi¬ 
fication and a circumscribed basidiosporic hymenium of the type seen 
in certain species of Corticium, but the likeness is entirely superficial,— 
the spores are quite unlike any known basidiospores, the sporophores 
