282 PROCEEDINGS: BOSTON SOCIETY NATURAL HISTORY. 
Low in “The cruise of the Neptune ” speaks of finding Brtinnich’s 
Murres, Dovekies, and Old-squaws in the open water at Fullerton, 
northwest of Cape Wolstenholme throughout the winter. The pres¬ 
ence or absence in winter of such water birds as Glaucous Gulls, 
Eiders, Razor-billed Auks, and Dovekies is of course dependent on 
the presence or absence of these open spaces. 
Mention will be made of the tree growth and other flora under the 
following head. 
Faunal Areas. 
Three life zones may be recognized with more or less clearness, 
in the peninsula of Labrador. These are the Arctic, the Hudsonian, 
and the Canadian zones. 
Arctic zone — This is the most clearly defined of the three areas. 
It includes the barren grounds of the northern portion of Labrador 
south to the upper limit of tree growth on a parallel nearly coinciding 
with that of the southern shores of Ungava Bay in about latitude 58° 
N. Thence the Arctic area extends in a narrowing strip along the 
entire east coast and on the south coast as far west as Mingan. On 
the Hudson Bay side, according to the observations of Low, the barren 
coastal strip extends southward about as far as the mouth of the Great 
Whale River (lat. 55° N.). 
Elsewhere, in the interior of the peninsula, the Arctic zone includes 
the barren tops of the mountains and higher hills, but the precise level 
at which the tree growth ends and the barren area commences, varies 
from near sea level at a short distance from the coast in southern 
Labrador to several hundred feet in the latitude of the Mealy Moun¬ 
tains, as determined by the factors of slope and exposure. 
In the vicinity of Battle Harbor at the easternmost point of the 
country, the Arctic strip extends from the exposed coasts of the outer 
islands, in onto the mainland for from one to three or four miles as a 
practically unbroken “barren,” sprinkled with lichen-covered ledges 
and carpeted with turf of reindeer lichen, sphagnum, Empetrum, 
sedges, creeping willows, and various other species of herbaceous 
plants, including the following, kindly determined for us by Dr. B. 
L. Robinson of the Gray herbarium, from specimens collected at 
various points along the coast: Betula pumila, Salix argyrocarpa , 
S. uva-ursi, S. anglorum, S. glauca , Polygonum mviparum, Saxi- 
fraga caespitosa , S. rivularis, Cerastium alpinum, Rubus chamaemorus 
(“bake-apple”), R. arcticus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Sedum roseum, 
