360 PROCEEDINGS: BOSTON SOCIETY NATURAL HISTORY. 
a chisel. ... I saw them at Labrador until the 11th of August.” Again 
(’42, vol. 5, p. 237) he says: “On the coast of Labrador, and in the 
Bay of Fundy, it lays its eggs on the bare rock.” He also states that 
he procured a specimen. 
Canachites canadensis (Linn.). 
Hudsonian Spruce Grouse; “Spruce Game”; “ Spruce Partridge.” 
Common permanent resident. 
Low says this species is common throughout the wooded and semi¬ 
barren areas and he found eggs on June 1st. Coues found several 
broods on July 24th; Stearns says they are common in southern Labra¬ 
dor all the vear round; Turner describes them as abundant throughout 
the wooded tracts and savs they breed at Fort Chimo. Palmer, who 
visited the south coast in 1887, says: “We were informed -that they 
were generally very abundant, but that great numbers had been 
destroyed by the severity of the previous winter.” 
Audubon (’35, p. 439) says: “The females of the Canada Grous 
differ materially in their colour in different latitudes. In Maine, for 
instance, they are more richly coloured than in Labrador, where I 
observed that all the individuals procured by me were of a much 
grayer hue than those shot near Dennisville.” 
The subspecific difference indicated by Audubon and previously by 
Brisson was not formally recognized, however, until 1899 when Bangs 
described as a new subspecies some birds obtained at Rigolet. Norton 
(’ 01 ) has shown, however, that the Labrador bird is the true cana¬ 
densis. 
At Indian Cove, Cape Charles, we saw a pair of this species that 
had been caught near there and were confined in the upper story of a 
boat house. 
Bonasa umbellus togata (Linn.). 
Canadian Ruffed Grouse; “Birch Partridge”; “French Hen.” 
Not uncommon permanent resident in southern half. 
Brewster records that this bird was reported from Mingan Harbor 
and to the northward. Packard says it is rare at Hamilton Inlet and 
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only on the south side; rather common at Paradise River, Sandwich 
