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FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 
widely distributed as many of the other 
caused by a minute fungus. It is not as 
fungal diseases, so its results to the State 
in general are not as serious. The fruits 
affected show sunken spots, brown in 
color. The pruning out of all dead wood 
and diseased branches is important in its 
control, as new infection takes place from 
the spores developing on the fungus in 
the dead and infected branches. 
Ammoniated fruit is not due to any 
organism, but is caused by improper meth¬ 
ods of fertilization. Its name is somewhat 
of a misnomer, as one would be led to 
believe it was caused by too much ammo¬ 
nia, whereas it is caused only by certain 
forms of ammonia, organic in nature. 
Ammoniated fruits show a shiny brown 
color, the size of the spots varying from 
ones the size of a pin-head to those cov¬ 
ering a large portion of the fruit. The 
larger markings are usually raised and 
the surface is often irregularly cracked. 
Affected fruits are worthless for shipment, 
as they are unsightly, thick skinned, and 
insipid. Treatment should begin by re¬ 
moving the cause. If this is an excess of 
organic ammonia, use only inorganic 
forms. Discontinue all cultivation for a 
time, and if the tree has been heavily fer¬ 
tilized, greatly reduce the applications. If 
the grove is underlaid with hardpan or 
has poor drainage, remedy these condi¬ 
tions as they aggravate the disease. Bor¬ 
deaux has been found in some cases to 
be beneficial, as it produces a stimulating 
effect, thereby aiding the tree to regain 
its health and vigor. 
PRUNING FOR MELANOSE 
H. E. Stevens, Gainesville, Fla. 
I have been asked to present a short pa¬ 
per before this Symposium on Pruning to 
Control Melanose. Melanose is one of the 
citrus troubles that is pretty generally dis¬ 
tributed over the State, and most of the 
growers are familiar with the disease and 
have had more or less experience with it. 
Many are already familiar with the cause 
and habits of this disease, and I will not 
go into details concerning these, other 
than to state that melanose is caused by 
the fungus, Phomopsis citri, which also 
causes stem end rot of citrus fruits. This 
fungus lives chiefly in the dead twigs and 
branches of citrus trees, and this dead 
wood is the source from which the disease 
is spread and forms the medium of carry¬ 
ing the fungus over from season to sea¬ 
son. Since dead wood in citrus trees har¬ 
bors the cause of melanose, it would seem 
that the most reasonable way to prevent 
injury or loss from the disease would be 
to remove this cause. In other words, 
prune out and destroy all dead wood from 
bearing trees. It is not possible to remove 
every particle of dead wood from a tree, 
but by pruning each year with a reason¬ 
able amount of thoroughness this can be 
kept down to a minimum. 
Experiments have been conducted the 
