FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
79 
but for the sake of keeping close to na¬ 
ture I advise the other way for the present. 
Each infested leaf should be pinned as 
high up in the tree as is convenient, that 
is, at least as high as a man can reach. To 
pin it higher is desirable. It should, fur¬ 
thermore, be so placed that the drip from 
it, when it rains, will drop onto a cluster, 
or several clusters, of leaves beneath it. 
Use two pins for each leaf. I have ob¬ 
served that the fungus sometimes starts 
on the leaves beneath the pinned leaf 
rather than at the leaf to which the in¬ 
fected leaf was pinned. It is well to pin 
a small piece of paper on the upper surface 
of the leaves to which the infected leaves 
are pinned as a mark. This will greatly 
facilitate later inspections. 
THE BROWN FUNGUS. 
What has been said for the Ascher- 
sonias applies (with one probable excep¬ 
tion) also to the Brown Fungus. The 
spores of the Brown Fungus have not 
been discovered, and this fact makes it 
uncertain whether it can be successfully 
introduced by spraying. This leaves two 
methods available for introducing the 
Brown Fungus; (i) to pin leaves having 
whitefly larvae infected with the fungus 
upon them onto the leaves, of the tree 
into which it is to be introduced; (2) to 
plant small trees, having the fungus upon 
them, into the grove as previously ex¬ 
plained for the Aschersonias. (See also 
Bull. 88, by the writer, Florida Agricul¬ 
tural Experiment Station). 
CONCLUDING STATEMENT. 
So much on the subject of the fungi. 
I should be extravagant were I to herald 
the same as an absolute panacea. They 
are, however, a very valuable adjunct to 
a whitefly-infested grove and with a 
thorough knowledge of how to best intro¬ 
duce the fungi, together with a little extra 
fertilizer for each tree, the grower will 
be able to continue the growing of citrus 
fruits profitably, other things being equal. 
I should not hesitate, however, to recom¬ 
mend judicious spraying in isolated 
groves (i. e., isolated by sufficient distance 
or forest barriers from other groves) 
or on small trees where the work can be 
done thoroughly. By judicious spraying 
I mean that the man knows the proper 
time to spray and to spray thoroughly. 
And then, I should recommend spraying 
only in the nature of a makeshift to tide 
over a certain period pending either the in¬ 
troduction of the fungi or fumigation. 
Following Dr. Morrill’s careful’ experi¬ 
ments and observations on fumigation for 
the whitefly during the past year, I antici¬ 
pate that many growers will take up this 
method of controlling the whitefly, and 
that rightly so. And, as more experience 
along this line becomes available it appears 
not at all improbable but that many grow¬ 
ers will prefer to control the whitefly as 
well as other insects by fumigation. This 
will be especially true for growers or dis¬ 
tricts so isolated as to be comparatively 
safe from becoming immediately reinfest¬ 
ed from nonfumigated distriots. 
In regard to the subject of insect con¬ 
trol by means of their natural enemies in 
general, many efforts along this line have 
been only partially successful or complete 
failures while perhaps only a few can be 
accorded complete success. But the fact 
that there are failures does not indicate 
that any particular effort along this line 
will be a failure, since each case must be 
worked out on its own merit. This brings 
us to another important fact which may be 
of much value in guiding our efforts to 
control insect pests by means of their 
