FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 
219 
carrying capacity each, fit them for carry¬ 
ing our products to market, by well ven¬ 
tilating and heating pipes, place them on 
the line between Jacksonville and New 
^ ork. and carry oranges and lemons at 25 
cents per box and vegetables at same 
rates; and have our ships pay us a profit 
of 20 per cent on the investment. This 
is practicable and can be done; such ships 
can be run at a cost of about $200 per 
day, and will carry 10,000 boxes of 
oranges and leave storage room for 400 
tons of miscellaneous freight. - Are there 
99 men who will unite with me in putting 
up $1,000 each and try the experiment ?” 
“This would solve the problem of cheap 
freight rates.” 
In 1894, the low prices made matters 
still more serious for the citrus growers, 
and an effort was made to establish a 
market in Europe. Some trial shipments 
were made the previous year. In the 
spring of 1894, the ship Ethelwoold was 
chartered to take a load of fruit to Eng¬ 
land. Mr. Painter consented to go as 
super-cargo and look after the business 
end in England. The freezes of 1894 and 
1895 put an end to the work in this di¬ 
rection. 
THE DISEASE AND INSECT CONTROL QUES¬ 
TION. 
At the beginning of Mr. Painter’s ca¬ 
reer in Florida we had no such sciences as 
Plant Pathology and Economic Ento¬ 
mology. The whole literature relating to 
the combating of plant diseases and to the 
control of insect pests, has been written 
since that date. It is true that volumes 
had been written on the descriptions of 
fungi and insects, but the directions for 
remedial treatment were purely of an 
academic nature. As an illustration of 
how little was known about handling 
scale insects 30 years ago I want to re¬ 
peat an anecdote told me by an orange 
grower at Eustis about fifteen years ago. 
His orange trees were badly infested with 
the round scale and so he applied to his 
brother-in-law, a practicing physician in 
New Jersey. In due course of mail the 
orange grower receive a bottle of iodine 
in solution and a camel’s hair brush, with 
the written assurance that this would fix 
the bugs. The directions were to use the 
camel’s hair brush in putting the iodine 
on the insects, but be careful and not let 
any of it touch the leaf. 
The progress in the study of plant dis¬ 
eases has been a little more rapid than 
that of insects due to the fact that the 
plant pathologists have attacked their 
problems from a more fundamental stand¬ 
point. 
The entomologists have given more at¬ 
tention to the study of insect morphology 
while the plant pathologists have laid 
greater stress on the study of fungus phy¬ 
siology. This trend in the studies of the 
two branches is directly traceable to the 
leaders in the respective sciences. 
RISE OF CONTACT INSECTICIDE. 
A study into the chapter of insecticides 
and fungicides is probably the most inter¬ 
testing of all in connection with this re¬ 
sume. A glimpse into the literature is like 
studying a fairy-tale, or, as some might 
say, like the opening of Pandora’s box. 
In the latter part of the seventies the only 
