224 
FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 
crude a form of limiting it as would have 
been brought about by a conscientious 
nursery inspector with power to act would 
have kept it from hundreds of centers 
where it now occurs. There are still sec¬ 
tions in the State of Florida that are not 
infested with whitefly, and every effort 
should be made to suppress it should any 
outbreak occur in these sections. That 
this can be done has been conclusively 
proven by the outbreak that was sup¬ 
pressed in a California citrus growing sec¬ 
tion. 
One of the latest introductions is the 
woolly whitefly (Aleyrodes howardii) 
from Cuba. Fortunately the woolly white¬ 
fly has a native parasite which causes very 
large inroads on the pest. Prof. J. R. 
Watson will present a paper on the sub¬ 
ject later. We can say, however, that the 
presence of this check-mate on the woolly 
whitefly is nothing to the credit of us hor¬ 
ticulturists it is simply a matter of having 
a fortunate combination of conditions. 
There are many other pests we might 
enumerate of minor importance, but these 
are sufficient to show clearly that what¬ 
ever progress we have made as horticul¬ 
turists the pests of the horticultural crops 
have been much aggressive and the dila¬ 
tory let-alone policy pursued by us has 
been extremely expensive. 
spraying machines. 
At the beginning of the epoch about 
which I am writing, spraying machines 
were reallv not machines at all in the 
present sense of the word. They were 
merely toys and makeshifts. As long as 
our principal insecticide work was con¬ 
fined to applying Paris Green little was 
needed beside a sprinkling can. With the 
introduction of more perfect methods for 
applying this material came the added ad¬ 
vantage of doing the work in a more 
thorough manner. Much time has been 
given to the question from an engineering 
standpoint. The small knap-sack sprayer 
slung over the shoulders in which one car¬ 
ried 5 or io gallons of water proved to 
be a very great step in advance. The 
U. S. Division of Plant Pathology under 
the leadership of our present efficient As¬ 
sistant Secretary of Agriculture, Dr. Gal- 
laway, did a great deal to advance the 
work of producing efficient spraying ma¬ 
chines. Those of us who have carried a 
knap-sack sprayer all day long in a toma¬ 
to field can well remember the aches and 
pains endured after the day’s work was 
over. From this was rapidly developed 
the barrel sprayer and finally the sprayer 
mounted on wheels and those used on a 
wagon. At the present time we have 
spraying machines that are run by gaso¬ 
lene engines and mounted in such a way 
that the work can be carried on efficient¬ 
ly and with the minimum amount of dis¬ 
comfort. These machines are perfected 
beyond the most sanguine dreams of those 
who carried the old knap-sack sprayers. 
No spraying machine is now thought to 
be worth while, either for the truck field 
or the citrus orchard unless it can de¬ 
velop a pressure of 80 to 120 pounds. 
CO-OPERATION. 
It is a well-known principle in me¬ 
chanics that a team composed of two 
horses will do more effective work when 
