38 
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA—EXPERIMENT STATION 
control may be bad. Show how to place the cuttings in the sand. 
Discuss favorable conditions for growth as to moisture, light, tem¬ 
perature. Transplant to open ground when cuttings are w T ell rooted. 
Teach children how to transplant. After transplanting watch for 
new leaves. Children bring flower pots to school for cuttings to take 
home. Discussion of proper soil, drainage, etc., for the potted plant. 
Teach children how to pot a plant properly. Consult some experi¬ 
enced gardener or housewife who has been successful. 
Grape cuttings. —Consult someone with experience, either the 
county horticulturist or a successful grower of grapes, to find out 
( a) are cuttings employed very much to start new vineyards? If not, 
what ways are employed? (b) if so, when is the best time to make the 
cuttings? (c) from what wood or cane is the cutting made? (d ) how 
many buds on a cutting and how arranged? (e) how is a cutting 
made? (/) when place the cuttings in soil or sand? ( g ) how long 
does it take for a 11 callus ’ ’ to form ? ( h) when are the cuttings trans¬ 
planted? ( i ) method of permanent planting. Care of the vineyard. 
Methods of pruning employed. 
Grafting. —Find out the various practices among orchardists in 
the district. What guiding principle or principles in grafting? 
Common example of English Walnut upon native black walnut stock. 
Have school report all other examples. Best time to graft. Best 
method of grafting. Advantages of grafting. 
Budding. —Meaning? To what extent practiced in the com¬ 
munity? When to bud? Discuss method of budding. Advantages. 
Demonstration of propagation. —If possible make arrangements 
with the county horticulturist, the farm adviser, or a successful local 
gardener or fruit grower to visit your school on some Friday after¬ 
noon and give a practical demonstration before the children of all 
the best ways of plant propagation. This need not be limited to the 
sixth grade, but should be done before the entire school. 
Fruit blossoms. —Study blossoms of all common fruit trees in the 
neighborhood. Shape of bud. Where placed on the twig? Describe 
bud and bud scales. What changes as bud expands in the bud scales ? 
Do leaves and flowers come from the same bud? Difference between 
leaf bud and fruit bud? On what growth of wood are flower buds 
borne? What are the scars seen on twigs? Notice a bud ready to 
open. Length of its stem. Describe calyx. Are sepals entirely 
separate or joined. Where united? Number of sepals. Describe 
the open blossom. Number, shape, and color of petals. How attached? 
Number of stamens. How attached to the flower ? Length of stamens ? 
