50 
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA—EXPERIMENT STATION 
3. Animal Life throughout the Year 
Insects. —Stucty of insects in the Seventh and Eighth grades to be 
made in connection with plant study as far as possible. The success 
of a particular crop, may, to a great degree, depend upon a single 
insect in its environment. The plant life in any locality must guide 
in the selection of insects for study. 
Grasshopper. —Review outlines given in the fifth grade. Make a 
more detailed study of the grasshopper as a type of the biting insect. 
See Comstock’s Handbook of Nature Study for Teachers for valuable 
material on the detailed study of the grasshopper and insects in 
general. See also Essig’s Injurious and Beneficial Insects of Cali¬ 
fornia. 
Cottony Cushion Scale. —Description, life history, work, control, 
etc. See Essig, pp. 108-110. 
Black Scale. —Essig, pp. 153, 154. 
Grape Leaf Hopper. —Essig, p. 432. 
Squash Bug. —Essig, pp. 202, 203. 
Harlequin Cabbage Bug. —Essig, pp. 200, 201. 
Alfalfa Caterpillar. —Essig, pp. 458-460. 
Beneficial Insects. —Not all insects are injurious. On another page 
select two for study as the lady-bird beetle and the honey bee. Con¬ 
sult Essig’s Injurious and Beneficial Insects and Comstock’s Hand¬ 
book of Nature Study for Teachers. 
Birds. —General discussion of birds. See outlines of previous 
grades. Review of main characteristics of birds already studied. See 
lists on other pages. 
Valley Quail. —Description, habits, food, protection. 
Killdeer. —Characteristics and how beneficial to agriculture. 
Western Mourning Dove. —Habits, food, etc. Why beneficial to 
agriculture. 
Chickens. —General discussion of the poultry interest in the dis¬ 
trict. Value of chickens on the farm. Different kinds of poultry in 
the district. Characteristics of each breed. Food of chickens, hous¬ 
ing, incubators, brooders, etc. Diseases of chickens. Marketing of 
poultry products. Detailed study of the hen; the leg and toes; wings, 
feathers, and arrangement; parts of a feather; manner of eating and 
drinking; sense organs, etc. For detailed information about the hen 
and bird life in general see Comstock’s Handbook of Nature Study 
for Teachers. For help on care of poultry see correspondence course 
in Poultry Husbandry, College of Agriculture, University of Cali¬ 
fornia. See also bulletins U. S. Department of Agriculture, Wash- 
