THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER 
January 4, 
WESTERN N. Y. HORTICULTURISTS. 
Part II. 
Small Fruit Varieties for Cankers.— 
The old Wilson, according to Howard W. 
Clark’s statement at the ‘’round table,” 
is still the strawberry which the canners 
prefer to all others. It has the acid and 
strong flavor and the good deep color 
wanted in a canning berry. If the one 
fault, that of running small at end of 
season, especially when that is dry, could 
be bred out, the Wilson would be the ideal 
berry for that purpose. Warfield comes 
next to it. Brandywine does not hold its 
shape well in the can; otherwise a good 
berry. Well spoken of were Climax, Su¬ 
perior, Parsonis’ Beauty, Senator Dunlap, 
Sandy, etc. The Cuthbert is the red 
raspberry for fancy trade. Columbian for 
the cheaper trade. Cumberland and Plum 
Farmers are preferred among the black¬ 
caps. and Erie among blackberries. Goose¬ 
berries are now being grown to the full 
extent that canners have use for them. 
Pruning Overdone. —The average or- 
chardist is doing too much pruning. At 
least that is Prof. Hendrick’s opinion. His 
talk was illustrated with slides. Heads 
of young trees may be left fairly dense, 
straggling limbs to be shortened in. It 
is far better to avoid forcing trees into 
excessive growth than to have to make up 
for it afterwards by severe pruning. Sum¬ 
mer pruning is a weakening process. 
Suckers, as parasites, should be removed. 
Dishorning, which really means decapita¬ 
tion, is for the extreme case only. Avoid 
the necessity of cutting large limbs. 
Wounds three inches through or over 
rardiy heal. When the branches of old ap¬ 
ple trees begin to interlace, he thinks the 
trees rather than the branches need thin¬ 
ning. 
Dynamite in Orchard Management.— 
Pictures thrown on the screen by lantern 
slides and the explanations given by a 
representative of one of the firms manufac¬ 
turing explosives, were calculated to give 
evidence of the very important part that 
dynamite is to play in the near future in 
ditching, draining and planting, especially 
planting trees. The new way of cracking 
the subsoil, thus making it a good home 
for trees and plant roots, is undoubtedly 
one of the most interesting and helpful de¬ 
velopments in fruit growing and perhaps 
other lines of farming of the present day. 
Points in the Grape Business. —The 
discussions at the round table on the grape 
situation centered largely around the mat¬ 
ter of selling. The complaint is general 
that the middlemen take far too large a 
share of the returns. Retailers want to 
double their money on the crop. It is too 
far around from producer to consumer. The 
former got poor prices; the producer had 
to pay high prices, and had little benefit 
from the heavy offering. Mr. G. G. Lan¬ 
sing names as the chief difficulties of the 
past season the cool Summer and conse¬ 
quent late ripening of the crop, poor pack¬ 
ing practiced by some growers, marketing 
grapes before they are fully matured, the 
shipment of more than one grade of grapes 
in one car, and the competition of Spanish 
and California grapes and other fruits. 
Mr. Lansing thinks that 90 per cent, of 
our Niagaras (an excellent grape when al¬ 
lowed to come to full maturity) are 
marketed before that stage. In a general 
way the members put the seal of their 
disapproval on the practice of being first 
in market by using immature grapes to 
accomplish that end. The early marketing 
of Moore's Early, for instance, was thought 
to greatly damage the market for later 
grapes. As further instances of the dis¬ 
crepancy in prices received by the fruit¬ 
grower and paid by the consumer, Mr. 
Lansing states that while peaches in the 
peach growing districts of the State were 
sold for a song (often netting the grower 
only 10 or 15 cents per basket on an aver¬ 
age), consumers in many markets had to 
pay $1.25 per basket, and sometimes were 
unable to secure them at that. And Mr. 
Hepburn tells of having followed some 
Kieffer pears and some apples from orchard 
to consumer. A barref of Kieffers sold to 
the grocer by the city commission man 
at $1.50, was put in small baskets, and 
brought the grocer $5.60, a profit of $4.10, 
and apples bought by the grocer for about 
$2 and sold to consumers in the same man¬ 
ner, brought $6.SO per barrel, a profit to 
the grocer of $5.30 per barrel. 
Cover Crops and Manure for Grapes.— 
Mr. Lansing has not been fully successful 
with vetch as a cover crop and prefers 
Mammoth clover, wheat and oats. He has 
not seen great results from the use of 
manure on grapes, nor has he seen much 
difference in yield, thus far, from applica¬ 
tions of commercial fertilizers except an 
increase in good growth where clover or 
nitrogen in the fertilizer was used. This 
may be expected to be followed by increase 
of crop another year. Where the wood 
growth is satisfactory, wheat and oats may 
do for a cover crop; when growth seems 
to need stimulation, then clover is to be 
used. Mr. Lansing’s combination for a 
complete grape fertilizer consists of 100 
pounds nitrate of soda, 300 pounds dried 
blood, 200 pounds sulphate of potash and 
300 pounds acid phosphate. Lime has 
shown no direct effect on grapes, but helped 
the growth of clover. 
Grapes Shelling Badly. —There was 
much complaint the past season about 
grapes shelling, and therefore being hard 
to sell in market. Dr. Reddick says shell¬ 
ing may be caused by fungous disease, poor 
nutrition, or unfavorable conditions of cul¬ 
ture generally. 
Turn ps or Leaf Hopper. —Prof. Stewart 
recommends spraying in Spring with some 
nicotine preparation, such as black-leaf ex¬ 
tract, one- half pint to 100 gallons of water 
or Bordeaux mixture. Some lead arsenate 
may be added to make the spray good for 
other insects, etc. Early July is usually 
the right time for application, which should 
be made from underneath. A later spray¬ 
ing may be given for the young nymphs. 
The eggs are so small that they will escape 
notice. Delay suckering until nympths are 
ready to be destroyed. They have but lit¬ 
tle power of locomotion. Oil emulsions are 
not recommended for grapes. Spraying 
with the fungicide-insecticide combination 
is always advisable for grapes. The sugar 
percentage of grapes is thereby increased. 
The new insecticide arsenate of zinc is 
not to be used on grapes. 
The Apple Louse. —rrof. Parrott points 
out the difficulties in controlling plant lice. 
The apple louse is a hard problem. A 
definite spraying program has not yet been 
worked out. Plant lice are very active 
and increase with wonderful rapidity. 
There are many generations in one season, 
and the insects remain active much longer 
in the Fall than any other insect. Prof. 
Parrott is not satisfied that the egg-laying 
females can be killed by Fall or Winter 
spraying, or that we can kill the eggs in 
that way. The most vulnerable point in 
the life history of the apple louse seems to 
be when the newly hatched young appear 
in great numbers on the green ends of 
the buds. By thorough spraying at that 
time with a soap and nicotine preparation 
or kerosene emulsion we can hope to do 
the most good. Or the general spraying 
for scale, and for various other insects, 
may be made with lime-sulphur in the 
usual strength, adding the proper propor¬ 
tion of tobacco extract. 
Good Vegetables. —From Mr. Scliau- 
ber's report the following items are 
gleaned: Black-seeded Simpson and Dea¬ 
con have proved to be good lettuces, and 
Crosby’s Egyptian and Columbian good 
early beets. Early cauliflowers were a 
failure, but Algiers gave fine late heads. 
Winningstadt cabbage gave better heads 
than the earlier Wakefield, and stood 
longer without bursting. Allhead also gave 
good early heads. Danish Roundhead was 
better than Danish Ballhead and Surehead. 
Peas were a poor crop. Alaska, Nott's’ 
Excelsior, British Wonder and Dwarf 
Champion are good sorts; the last men¬ 
tioned gave best results the the past sea¬ 
son. Alaska did best when sown shallow. 
Burpee’s Blue Bantam, an early sort, gave 
immense pods and appears to be promising. 
Brittle Wax proved better than White Wax. 
and Fordhook Favorite better than String¬ 
less Refugee. Fordhook Bush Lima ap¬ 
peared slightly superior to Improved Bush 
Lima, and Henderson's Early Leviathan 
matured more pods than the New Giant- 
Podded. Emerald cucumber gave fine hand¬ 
some fruit but did not hold out as long 
as Davis Perfection. Field’s Early June 
tomato was earlier, smoother and more 
productive than Earliana, but the speci¬ 
mens were a little smaller. Golden Ban¬ 
tam sweet corn is superior for home con¬ 
sumption to either Country Gentleman or 
White ‘ Evergreen. Neapolitan pepper, a 
very mild sort, gave better satisfaction 
than Bullnose or Chinese Giant, being also 
more productive. 
The Same Old Complaint.—C. R. 
White’s talk or paper, in urging coopera¬ 
tion for vegetable growers, made reference 
to the same old complaint heard so often 
at this as well as earlier meetings, namely, 
that the gardener gets so little for his 
products while the consumer has to pay 
exorbitant prices. Cauliflowers brought 
the grower 50 cents a barrel, and sold in 
the markets at 25 cents a head. Potatoes 
are sold to city consumers at 40 to 60 
cents a peck, about all that the grower 
gets per bushel. We should first cooperate 
in growing vegetables and then cooperate 
in getting them to the consumer at a rea¬ 
sonable cost. As to commission men, they 
should not be judged by bank references 
or by commercial rating. Better watch 
them. T. GREINER. 
“BLACK’S QUALITY” 
FRUIT TREES 
NONE BETTER 
None Give Better Returns when They Fruit 
Buy Direct From the Nursery 
and save agent’s discounts and middleman’s 
profits. When you buy our trees you get a 
Dollar’s Worth of Trees 
for every one hundred cents you remit to us. 
PEACH and APPLE TREES 
a specialty. CATALOGUE FREE 
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO. 
H1GHTSTOWN, N. J. 
REES at Hal fAgents R*ices 
DIRECT TO THE PLANTER i 
We guarantee all stock to be First Class, True to ’ 
Name, Free from Scale ami Disease, and to reach 
the planter in good condition. Our Free Catalog 
tells how we grow in large quantities ami sell 
direct to the planter. THE Wll. J. REILLY 
tTItSF ltlFH. 22 Ossian St., Dansvllle, N. Y. 
Seod Oats, Speltz, 
Barloy, Alfalfa, Tim¬ 
othy, Clover, Rape, 
Soy Beans, Cow Peas, 
Canadian Field Peas,Hun- 
3 L L U garian Millet, Sugar 
Cano. Buckwheat, Seed 
CTlC RJ Potatoes, etc., quality first 
^ class. 1100 acroe. Good farm 
seed catalog and samples if wantod free. Write 
us beforo you buy. 
W. N. 8cariT, New Carlisle, Ohio 
WEEDLESS FIELD SEEDS 
Are what we arc trying harder than over to furnish our cus¬ 
tomers. FREE SAMPLES will show that we come pretty near 
doing it. In many varieties wc 1>0 IT. Red, Mammoth, AUike, 
Alfalfa, Timothy, Orchard Grass, Sweet Clover and all others. 
Write to-day. 
0. M. SCOTT & SON, SO Main Street, MARYSVILLE, OHIO 
EASTERN APPLE TROPHY 
(THE $750.00 PRIZE CUP) DONATED BY THE COE-MORTIMER CO. 
AT THE AMERICAN LAND AND IRRIGATION EXPOSITION 
MR. THOMAS W. STECK, of Opequon, Va. 
A USER OF COE-MORTIMER FERTILIZERS 
T O encourage apple growing in the East 
and to demonst rate the fact that East¬ 
ern raised Apples are equal to, and 
superior to the Western product, the 
Coe-Mortimer Company offered at the 
recent American Land and Irrigation Ex¬ 
position, held in New York City, November 
15th to December 2nd, the EASTERN 
APPLE TROPHY, a magnificent $750.00 
Prize CUP. 
The competition was open to every Fruit 
Grower in New England, New York, New 
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland 
and Virginia. There were no “strings” or 
limitations placed onthe competition. The 
score card or scale of points was prepared 
by Professor H. E. Van Deman, formerly 
United States Government Pomologist, 
and generally considered the most expert 
apple judge in (be country. The judging 
of the apples at the Exposition wasdoneby 
Professor Van Deman assisted by students 
in horticulture from tlie New Jersey State 
Agricultural College. 
Professor Van Deman stated: “I have 
never judged a set of exhibits that, all 
things considered, have run closer or 
higher on the scale of the score card, than in this 
competition." Mr. Stock, the winner, scored 281.75 
points out of a possible 300 (100 for each of the three 
varieties shown). 
Mr. Stock’s closest competitor was Mr. Granville 
W. Leeds, of Rancocas, New Jersey, who scored 
279.75 points out of a possible 300. 
A striking feature of this competition is that it de¬ 
veloped after the prize was awarded, that Mr. 
Steck, the winner, raised his prize fruit with Coe- 
Mortimer Fertilizers, which lie has used for the 
past two years; purchasing them from the open 
market from one of the Coe-Mortimer local agents 
at Winchester, Va. 
Thus the superior quality of Coe-Mortimer Fertilizers for fruits is again confirmed. 
Every fruit grower is invited to send to us for a copy of the score card and complete 
account of the competition, contained in our publication, “ The Winning of the Cup.” 
If, when yon write us, you will be good enough to tell us the brand or make of fertilizer 
you are now using, wc shall also he glad to send you one of our handsome 1913 Calendars 
and a copy of the ‘’Corn Song,” by John Greenleaf Whittier, which has been set to 
music by one of our staff. 
Why Not Put Your Fruit in the Prize Winning Class by Purchasing Your 
Fertilizers from 
The Coe-Mortimer Company, 51 Chambers Street, New York City 
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