1813 . 
THE RURAL NEW'YORKER 
06 
New Marsh Land for Onions. 
L. C., Genoa, O .— IIow should I handle 
new marsh land to raise onions? Can 1 
turn over new marsh land and raise onions 
for the first crop? Is it better to plow 
in the Fall or Spring, and how deep? 
Would it be better to cultivate the new 
muck during May and .Tune, and plant the 
onion seed the first of July? Would it be 
profitable to use fertilizer the first year? 
Ans. —If this muck land is already 
well drained, plow it in the Fall, and 
when dry enough to work in the Spring 
it may be worked down and worked 
over at intervals until planting time. 
Plow six or eight inches deep, so as to 
cover well all trash on surface. A good 
plan, perhaps, would be to grow corn 
the first year and then to follow with 
onions next year. All crops on peat or 
muck soils should have heavy applica¬ 
tions of potash and phosphoric acid, and 
a good crop of onions will justify 700 
pounds of potash in the form of kainit 
or 300 pounds of high-grade muriate of 
potash and 300 pounds of acid phos¬ 
phate per acre. Onions for bulbs should 
be started early, late in April being, the 
usual time to sow the seed in the open 
ground, though for sets late seeding is 
practical, and even then sets will likely 
get too large on such a soil as men¬ 
tioned above. w. e. d. 
Pecans or Walnuts. 
J. C. If-, Summerville, Ga .—Can I get 
any budded Ponieioy walnut trees? 
Would you advise me to set out trees grown 
from the Pomeroy English walnut? I 
have 1000 budded pecan trees of the finest 
kinds to be had, now beginning to bear. 
Would you advise me to give the walnut 
room on my farm, or put out more pecan 
trees and leave the walnuts alone? It is 
no trouble to sell my pecans at a good 
price. Will that walnut stand the late 
Siiring frost here all right and not get 
killed back in the Spring? 
Ans. —It is quite likely that the Pome¬ 
roy walnut will succeed well in Georgia, 
and the same is true of any of the wal¬ 
nuts, whether native or foreign, includ¬ 
ing those grown in California. There 
may be some trouble with Spring frosts 
injuring the bloom, but this is not likely 
to happen very often. The Pomeroy 
walnut trees are being sold as seedlings 
altogether, as I understand, and there 
will be some variations in the trees and 
their nuts, but all of them will be well 
worth growing. There are grafted trees 
of the named varieties offered for sale 
by a few nurseries, and these should 
bear nuts true to the name of each vari¬ 
ety planted. They are usually propagated 
on our common wild walnut stocks, 
which are well suited to the purpose. 
Walnut trees ought to be set 50 feet 
or more apart, for they live to old age 
and need all or more than that space at 
maturity. They do not grow as large 
as pecan trees, but they should pay 
about as well. h. e. van deman. 
Permanent Improvements in Concrete. 
One of the best improvements I made 
this season was concrete gate posts and 
concrete wall or curbstone around the 
whole lawn at the house. The curb or 
wall was put in the ground about 10 
inches below the surface and about four 
inches above the surface and is eight 
inches thick. The gate posts are eight 
inches square and four feet high, with 
a cap on top. The whole thing did not 
cost very much money, and it is very 
attractive. The fence posts are of one- 
inch pipes and are in the concrete, which 
keeps them always fast, and, I believe, 
will last a lifetime. I also made at the 
same time two large posts for the main 
drive entrance to the barnyard. These 
are a little in the form of a pyramid, 
five feet high and 12 inches square at 
the bottom. Hinges were put in each 
post for a double iron gate made of 
pipes and wire. At such gates the wind 
has no power as with the wooden gates, 
which are always broken because the 
wind will slam them shut and open. All 
these things cost not much more now¬ 
adays than wooden materials, which are 
always out of repair, and are permanent 
as well as attractive. The best material 
1 have found for concrete is crushed 
limestone. I purchased very fine flux¬ 
ing stone, in sizes from one-quarter 
inch to powder, for 50 cents per ton. 
At this price I did not try to gather 
any sand or gravel, and I find it gives a 
very good concrete. 
I have also built a pigsty, the whole 
floor of which is concrete from the pens 
to the end of feed entries; even the 
troughs are of concrete. For a pigsty 
I would not begin to consider a wooden 
floor any more. They are too expensive 
in the way of being always worn out 
and out of repair. One mistake, how¬ 
ever. I made in getting the troughs too 
small, so that the slop is often dashed 
over the trough and runs over the floor 
and makes it wet. Better too large than 
not large enough. A concrete floor is 
also warmer in Winter than a wooden 
one, as no cold draft can come from 
below, and it is cooler in Summer. 
In the barn I laid a concrete floor in 
the horse stable with a few inches slant 
to the rear of the horses' back, so that 
the liquid will slant just where the drop¬ 
pings naturally fall and then will be 
soaked up. This I have had for years 
already, and like it very much. But it 
has also a disadvantage, and that is in 
the horses’ slipping in case they would 
run in the stable when it is just cleaned. 
Care should be taken that they do not 
run in stable at such a time. In the 
cow stable I have a square gutter eight 
inches deep and 12 inches wide. This, 
however, I would like to change so as 
to have a square edge about six inches 
deep behind the cows and have the gut¬ 
ter slanting towards the walk behind 
without a square edge altogether on this 
side. In this way cleaning would be a 
good deal easier, especially if long straw 
or uncut corn fodder is used. 
Pennsylvania. c. R. bashore. 
Chemicals with Hen Manure. 
The recent article on chemicals with hen 
manure attracted my attention. In the 
Spring of 1910 I had about 500 pounds of 
pure hen manure; not knowing what was 
best way to use this manure I asked the 
advice of The R. N.-Y. I wished to use 
the same on potatoes. The advice was to 
get 80 pounds potash and 80 pounds fine 
ground hone. I could not get the potash. 
The bone I could get, so I used 100 pounds 
of potato fertilizer and mixed all three to¬ 
gether. The hen manure was quite dry. 
as I had taken The R. N.-Y.’s advice and 
used fine coal ashes on the drop boards. 
When I shoveled the manure out of the 
box, the ammonia was so strong it would 
nearly choke a person unless he held his 
head to one side. I planted the potatoes, 
and covered the places with about one inch 
of earth, then throw a handful of mixture 
over the ground, then covered the manure 
with two or three inches of earth. The 
results of this work were astonishing; a 
man who has farmed all his life passed 
down the street while I was digging the 
potatoes and he said was quite sure that 
the yield was near 400 bushels to the acre. 
I did not keep count of how many I had. 
but as I could sell all I had for .$1 a bushel 
I cleared a nice profit on the little potato 
patch, aud this all without any horse work 
after the plowing. I did the same thing 
Spring of 1912 on same ground and results 
were just as good. j. j. g. 
Bell more, N. Y. 
WHAT ARE YOUR PROFITS? 
How many farmers on New Year’s 
Day can turn and tell you the profit or 
loss on their farms for the past year? 
Yet it is a very simple matter, and takes 
but a moment each day. Here is a plan 
I have used for the past three years: 
Get a cheap ledger of some sort, a book 
some six by 12 inches of paper on which 
a lead pencil will write easily, and at¬ 
taching a pencil to the book, either hang 
it in a convenient place or put it into 
the drawer of the table where you sit 
in the evening. After supper it takes 
but a moment to make your entries, 
something like this: 
June 5 1 crate strawberries @ 7..$2.52 
4 doz. eggs @ 18.72 
1 hoe .$0.65 
And so each day the income and 
outgo is recorded. At the end of each 
month some one of the family copies it 
off into a larger and better ledger, plac¬ 
ing the month’s items into two columns 
of expense and income. At the end of 
the year these footings added together 
will tell the story of gain or loss, mak¬ 
ing it possible to see where the gain or 
loss came, and so plan for the next year. 
For what is the use of doing anything 
if one does not do it better each year 
than he did the year before? Of course, 
no farmer figures the materials used on 
his own table, and while this is a heavy 
item, neither does he figure his and his 
family’s labor, and so they may be said 
to offset each other. 
Now, what of your stock and tools? 
This is a different matter; this is the 
capital invested in the business. Each 
January should see an inventory made 
of all lands, stock and tools at a fair 
valuation, with the bank account or cash 
added or the debts charged. Be fair 
with yourself; inventory that horse for 
what you would be willing to pay for 
him, not what you would sell him for. 
Don’t cheat yourself in the inventory 
because big figures look well and make 
you feel good. When you come to look 
over all the figures see where you can 
do better next year. But you will never 
know where you are getting if you do 
not start right now and keep account of 
each item and make an inventory, even 
if it is a few days after the New Year, 
and keep count of the income and outgo 
for each day, so that when next January 
comes you can point to figures and say, 
“We made that this year, and next year 
we are going to try to do better.” 
A WOMAN FARMER. 
r Increase Your Profits^ 
by feeding corn and cob. The cob lightens the ration— 
makes digestion cosier—helps to increase milk How and 
produce more liesh. Be sure you use 
Jlew o&oUand 
Mills 
equipped with irnprov- 
—cut corn and cob 
fiueY,tirftA less power, 
than any other plates. 
They also last longer. 
30 Days Free Trial. 
You cun try a New Holland 
Feed Mill on your own farm for 
30 days free. Our new size 
nill is specially adapted for 
gasoline engines of 3 to 6 H. P. 
Write us today and we will <juote 
you low prices. 
NEW HOLLAND MACHINE CO. 
Box 41, New Holland, Pa. 
I 
Feed 
These mills are 
ed grinding plates 
SAVE HALF THE LABOR 
in sawing wood. You can do 
this and at the sauie time, 
cut more wood in a given 
time than in any other way 
by using 
rolls, moves 
down instead of 
agaiust the operator as in old style ma¬ 
chines. Must be seen to be appreciated. We also 
manufacture Drag Saws, Saw aud Shingle Mills. 
Get our prices ou Canvas Belting; they will surprise Jon. 
Send for prices and full Infornati > 11 . “Aek about Holsts.” 
Ireland Machine & Foundry Co.,14 State St.,Nonwich,N.Y. 
AMessage toAppleGrowers 
FROM 
MR. THOMAS W. STECK, of Opequon, Va. 
WINNER OF THE EASTERN APPLE TROPHY 
THE $750.00 PRIZE CUP DONATED BY THE COE-MORTIMER CO. 
AT THE AMERICAN LAND AND IRRIGATION EXPOSITION 
TWTR. STECK, the winner of 
± the magnificent Eastern 
Apple Trophy, has written 
an account of his life work in 
apple growing that should 
prove an inspiration to every 
fruit grower. 
He tells of one block of 300 trees that 
returned $17,974.33 in nine years. 
He describes his methods of Pruning, 
Cultivation, Spraying and Fertilization. 
The whole story is given just as written 
by Mr. Steck in our new booklet en¬ 
titled, “The Winning of the Cup,” a 
copy of which is yours if you will 
write for it promptly. 
A striking feature of this competition is, that it 
developed after the prize was awarded, that 
Mr. Steck raised his prize winning fruit with 
COE-MORTIMER FERTILIZERS, which he 
has used for the past two years ; purchasing 
them in the open market, from one of the Coe- 
Mortimer local agents at Winchester, Va. 
Thus the superior quality of COE-MORTIMER 
FERTILIZERS for fruits is again confirmed. 
If, when you write us, you will tell us the 
brand or make of fertilizer you are now using, 
we shall be glad to send you one of our handsome 1913 Calendars. 
Why Not Put Your Fruit in the Prize Winning Class by Purchasing Your 
Fertilizers from 
j The Coe-Mortimer Company, 51 Chambers Street, New York City 
ELECTRIC LIGHT ON YOUR FARM 
House, barns, outbuildings and grounds can be lighted safely and bril¬ 
liantly only by electric lights. Don't imagine that you can’t have electrio 
light just because your farm happens to be distant from a public lighting 
station. You can have a small Electric Lighting Plant which places electric 
light at your disposal exactly as though you lived in a city. These plants are 
inexpensive, easily installed and simple to operate. They consist of a small ga* 
engine, a dynamo, a simple switchboard and a storage battery, called the 
"Cblocibe Hccumulatoe 
»* 
This battery is the same type as is used in large city lighting plant*. 
Merely run your engine and dynamo for a few hours occasionally and the 
battery will then store up enough electricity to furnish light for some time 
to come. This allows you to use the same engine for other farm work. When 
light is needed the touch of a switch sends it flashing to the lamps. No an¬ 
noying necessity of running your engine at night, no danger of lights going 
out. The " Cblorlbc Bccumulator ” assures the dependability of your light. 
No other battery will give you the same reliability and satisfactory service. 
Costs, details, etc., of Electric Lighting Plants in our book. *’Infor¬ 
mation ou Electric Lighting.” A copy will be 
THE ELECTRIC STORAGE 
BATTERY CO. 
1888 
PHILADELPHIA 
1919 
New York. Boston, St. Louis. Cleveland. At¬ 
lanta. Denver. Detroit. San Francisco. To¬ 
ronto. Portland. Ore.. Seattle. Lo* Angeles. 
Chicago. 
