©s 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
January 25,- 
HEATING SYSTEM ON ONE LEVEL. 
On page 1178 N. B. R. says he wishes 
to install a hot water system for heating 
his house and to have the boiler on the 
same level as the first floor. The local 
dealer or plumber says it cannot be 
done, but is unable to explain why. The 
reasons are very simple and are only 
the laws of gravity or physics, which, 
used in the proper manner, will do all 
that are required of them, but wrongly 
used will continue to be a source of ex¬ 
pense and annoyance to him. 
The only way to get good results 
from any kind of a heater, whether 
hot water, steam or even the older 
method of heating by furnace, and to 
have all the lower floor comfortable, is 
to place the furnace in the cellar or 
lacking a cellar, then a place should 
be dug at least seven feet deep and as 
large as necessary to accommodate the 
boiler or furnace. The reason is that 
heat always ascends, while cold air, 
being heavier, drops to the bottom. A 
furnace must be lower than the place 
to be heated, so that the hot air may 
pass up through the heater pipes placed 
in the cellar and then heat the cold air 
in the rooms above. The use of a hot 
air furnace is slowly going out, because 
on a windy day the rooms situated on 
the windward side are generally cold, 
the others getting all the warm air. 
With steam heat the rooms can be kept 
at a more even temperature in the most 
severe weather, it being simply a ques¬ 
tion of fuel. 
The laws of regulating hot water 
plants are very similar to those of the 
hot air system. When the water begins 
to boil it starts circulating through the 
pipes, the warm water rising to the 
highest point; as the water gets nearer 
to the boiling point all the radiators be¬ 
come warm, causing a constant change 
or circulation through the pipes, the cold 
dropping back to the boiler placed be¬ 
low the lowest radiator or coil of pipes. 
If it is impossible to dig out a small 
place 8 to 10 feet square, which will he 
large enough and give some room for 
coal, N. B. R. can hang a coil of pipe 
on the ceiling of the various rooms of 
the first floor. A coil will consist of 
two or three lj/ 2 -inch steam pipes or 
more, according to the size of room, if 
hot water is to be used; if it is steam, 
an inch-pipe is generally large enough 
for the coil. It should be hung on the 
windy side, or where the windows or 
outside doors are situated, and will be 
large enough if run about three-quarters 
the length of the room; for the best 
results placed not less than 18 inches 
from the wall. This ought to give all 
the heat needed, but there are two objec¬ 
tions to the overhead systems of heat¬ 
ing. One is that they do not look so 
well in a dwelling house as a radiator; 
the other that the heat is felt on the 
head, causing a drawing sensation, while 
the floors are colder than if the heating 
is placed at or near to the floor as in 
the ordinary method of heating. I have 
had experience with the overhead sys¬ 
tem. as in a factory one of the rooms 
had to be heated this way. because the 
water could not' be returned to the 
boilers if the piping had been placed on 
the wall near to the floor, as they were 
in the other rooms of the building. 
Those working in this room were al¬ 
ways complaining of the heat upon their 
heads. Of course, hot water would not 
cause so much unpleasantness as steam 
at a high pressure, but still the cold 
floors will be a great objection, as the 
heat will not be so evenly distributed. 
It will depend somewhat on the height 
of the walls how much the heat will af¬ 
fect the head; a low ceiling would 
bring the piping lower, of course, than 
one that was higher. a. e. b. 
THE NITROGEN IN MANURE. 
\\ e have spoken of the new method 
of stating the quality of nitrogen in 
mixed fertilizers. The chemists at the 
stations now separate this nitrogen into 
several classes. Take their bulletins and 
study them and you find the nitrogen 
classed as “nitrates,” ‘‘ammonia” and 
three forms of organic nitrogen. Part 
of this is soluble, the rest is divided into 
two classes, active and inactive. This 
inactive part would be found in such 
things as leather, muck or other sub¬ 
stances which will not readily decay 
and give up plant food. It is an ad¬ 
vantage to a farmer to know what he 
is buying, for he should not pay full 
price for this “inactive” stuff. 
But now comes a reader asking how 
stable manure would rank if you ap¬ 
plied the same test to it. What part of 
the manure would be classed as “inac¬ 
tive?” Dr. E. H. Jenkins of the Con¬ 
necticut station sends us the following 
facts about horse manure: 
The Availability of Manure. 
Horse manure will contain from 0.5 
to 0 J per cent of nitrogen, of which 
from one-half to one-sixth will be 
in the form of ammonia and very read¬ 
ily available. Nitrates in manure as 
distinguished from compost do not ex¬ 
ist. The organic nitrogen in stable 
manure will probably show considerably 
more than 50 per cent in the class that 
would be ranked as insoluble inactive. 
This is about what pulverized sheep 
manure shows. It corresponds, too, 
fairly- well with the results of vegeta¬ 
tion experiments, which indicate that 
the present availability of the organic 
nitrogen of stable manure is relatively 
low; that is, if you get an availability 
of 80 per cent of the nitrate applied in 
vegetation tests, you may have some¬ 
thing like 60 or 70 per cent of the nitro¬ 
gen of cotton-seed meal or dried blood 
available, while in manure you will have 
not more than 40. In a word, the or¬ 
ganic nitrogen of stable manure is not 
quickly and readily available to plants. 
This, of course, is not to say that stable 
manure is not profitable and really es¬ 
sential on our sandy soils, which con¬ 
tain little humus, but I believe that the 
absolute fertilizer value of horse ma¬ 
nure is really the smaller part of its 
value. As an amendment, providing a 
feeding ground and food for the benefi¬ 
cent soil bacteria, regulating the water 
supply of the soil and helping to dis¬ 
solve the mineral food by its own de¬ 
composition, it has a function which no 
other application fulfills as well. 
E. H. JENKINS. 
This is a first-rate statement of the 
case. We are coming more and more 
to see that the greatest value of stable 
manure is not always in the actual 
plant food which it contains, but rather 
in its chemical effect upon the soil. 
That is one reason why so many farm¬ 
ers report success in using nitrate of 
soda along with the stable manure. By 
analysis the manure appears to contain 
abundant nitrogen for the crops, but as 
sf»e it is only half as available as 
that in the nitrate and the young plant 
might starve in the midst of plenty be¬ 
fore the manure became available. We 
shall try to take up some of these things 
about the chemical action of manure a 
little later. 
RANGER” BICYCLES 
Have imported roller chains , sprockets an<J 
pedals; New Departure Coaster-Brakes and 
Hubs; Puncture Proof Tires; highestgrad\ 
equipment and many advanced features pos¬ 
sessed byno other wheels. GuaranteedSyrs, 
FACTORY PRICES 
others ask for cheap wheels. Other reliable 
models from tl2 up. A f.w good second, 
hand machines $3 to 98. 
lODAYS’FREE TRIALS 
yroiul, freight prepaid, anywhere in U. S., 
without a. cent in advance. DO NOT BI Y a 
bicycle or a pair of tires from anyone at any 
’price until you get our big new catalog and 
special prices anti a marvelous new ojfer, 
brings everything. Writ e it now. 
C Coaster Brake Rear Wheels, lamps, 
■ HitiV parts, and sundries half usual prices . 
iBlder Agents everywhere are coining money selling our bl* 
iycles, tires and sundries. Write today, 
MEAD CYCLE CO., Dept W 80 , CHICAGO 
SKIPPED HILLS RAISE 
NO POTATOES 
Every hill you miss in planting 
means money lost oat of 
your pocket. No ma¬ 
chine can plant per¬ 
fectly unless there 
is hand cor¬ 
rection of 
misses 
and 
doub- 
1 e s. 
10 to 50 
bushels 
more to 
acre 
using 
A 
seed 
piece in 
every space 
and one only. No 
pickets used—no in¬ 
jury to seed. Perfect 
placing-of seed and uniform 
spacing. Can't you see that 
tt must pay for itself? 
Write for new booklet:, 
** too per cent potato 
planting .”We make full 
line Potato Machines, 
Garden Tools, Sprayers, 
etc. 
BATEMAN M'F'G CO. 
Bo* 1025 Grenloch, N. J. 
For 
the 
Farmer-lt Farmer’sWife 
6 Henderson Specialties and 
Our Big Illustrated Seed Books 
T T ERE’S two books that will help make bigger 
A A profits for the farmer. 290 pages of information. 
8 color plates. Over 800 photoengravings showing 
actual results without exaggeration from HENDER¬ 
SON’S tested seeds. Use them for bigger yields 
per acre and better prices per bushel. 
Best of all, they contain pages after pages of cultural 
and general farm information no farmer can afford to miss. 
And Here Is Where the Farmer s Wife Comes In 
This year we have induced Mrs. Rorer—the famous culinary expert 
—to furnish one recipe for preserving each vegetable. There are 
three pages of these. The best recipes by the best cook. 
How to Get the Books and Specialties 
Send us 10c. mentioning this paper, and we will send you the famous Henderton 
Seed Books, “ Everything for the Garden," and our Garden Guide and Record 
together with one packet of each of the following Henderson’s Specialties: 
Scarlet Globe Radish Ponderosa Tomato 
Henderson’s Invincible Asters Big Boston Lettuce 
Giant Spencer Sweet Peas Mammoth Butterfly Pansiea | 
These packets are enclosed in a coupon en¬ 
velope which, when emptied and returned, 
will be accepted as 25c cash payment 
on any order of one dollar or over. 
Peter Henderson & Co. 
35-37 Cortlandt St., New York City 
PETER HENDERSON & CO.. 
35-37 Cortlandt St., New York City 
1 enclose herewith 10c for which send cata¬ 
logues and “ Henderson Specialty Collection" 
as advertised in Rural New-Yorker. 
Only Implement Necessary To 
Follow the Plnw- In Any Kind of Ground 
'T'HIS one machine cuts, crushes, lifts, turns, smoothes 
-*• and levels in one operation. It is also best for 
covering the seed. Does the best work in least time with 
least strain on the horses. 
Cuts. Turns. 
Crushes— 
Smoothes 
In One 
Operation 
Pulverizing Harrow 
Clod Crusher and Leveler 
cuts through the sod or stubble turned under 
by the plow. Leaves trash buried where its fertilizing 
qualities are valuable. Lightest draft, lowest priced riding 
harrow. Made in all sizes. Write for catalog. 
DUANE H. NASH, Inc. 379 Division Avenue Millington, N. I. 
JOHN DEERE PLOW CO., Syracuse, N. Y„ Indianapolis, Ind., Baltimore, Md, 
r 
, ’ v »V 
. 
•■Pi, 
Work for Your Neighbors Too 
Deeper plowing, better preparation of the seed-bed, more disc¬ 
ing and harrowing all bring better crops. Keeping horses to do 
this extra work take away the profits. The profitable way is with a 
IS- 30 h.p. 
With an OilPull you can do your own work quickly—when it 
should be done. After you’ve finished you can make the tractor 
pay for itself by working for your neighbors. 
You can be sure they’ll still have work to do after you are through. 
Remember an OilPull will do all kinds of work—plow, bale, thresh, shred, 
cut ensilage, build roads, etc. The investment is small the return large. 
If you can’t afford one yourself—join with your neighbors and get one. It 
will do better work for all of you—it will pay for itself in short order. 
You can’t go wrong if you buy an OilPull. _lt s less expensive to buy 
because it lasts longer—it’s cheaper to run because it burns cheap kerosene. It 
is oil cooled and works equally well winter or summer. Has 
two speeds and is well adapted to rolling country. The 1 5-30 h.p. 
size is right for most work—there is a larger size for the heavy 
work. 
T>ata-Book No. 353 tells all about the OilPull. 
RUMELY PRODUCTS CO. 
(Incorporated) 
Power-Farming Machinery 
LA PORTE, IND. <491 
