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THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
January 25, 
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IS THE GREATEST FEED FOR CATTLE, 
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This meal increases the flow of milk, * ***»^ 
raises the quality of both milk and cream that makes rich- 
flavored cheese and butter. Leading world dairy experts 
prove this. ¥ Oa\ keeps your cows 
healthy winter an i Pt ■ , N S*. * ar >d summer, and 
keeps their di- ^ gestive organs in 
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TRUCK, TEAM, FARM AND LIVERY HORSE 
owners find this an ideal feed, as for years it has been fed 
to thousands of prize winning work horses, colts, brood 
mares, hunters and ponies in England and Canada. 
It absolutely eradicates worms. 
One trucking Jinn in London bought 1000 tons at one time for 
their 15,000 horses. Veterinaries endorse it. 
For sheep, lambs, pigs and poultry, brings results that make 
your small investment in this meal pay large dividends. 
In order to introduce this meal we offer to ship even single 
bag lots. You can buy a single bag of 100 lbs.; or a ton, or 
a carload. Just as quickly as possible, we shall arrange so 
that you can purchase it of your own regular grain dealer. 
Write to-day to our Boston office for free booklet giving 
the whole story, with introductory price, etc. 
THE MOLASSINE CO., Ltd., London, England. 
Sole United States Distributors 
L. C. PRIME CO., 326 Board of Trade Building. 
BOSTON, MASS. 
I Xiv 
FARM ENGINEERING NOTES. 
Building Dirt Dam. 
I wish to add to J. A.’s question about 
dam, page 18. I began building dams at 
the age of eight years; later in life I 
worked some time with a large contractor 
and learned many things about dam build¬ 
ing to add to my experience gained while 
a boy. If J. A. builds his dam right and 
well (not necessarily expensive), he will 
have something which will give him pleas¬ 
ure as long as he lives. If he “builds not 
well’’ he will have in the dam a source of 
trouble and regret, and his sons, if he has 
any, will some day have to cart out the 
dirt he drew in. 
In building a dam of the kind he wants, 
I should avoid the use of stones, especially 
large ones, also of gravel, and cannot see 
the benefit of logs. Logs will rot in time, 
if they do not give way in a very short 
time. An entire earth dam is easy of con¬ 
struction and if well built is quite as 
tight and durable as a concrete dam. After 
J. A. has located the place where the dam 
is to be built, which should be a point 
where the banks of the creek are steepest 
and where the creek is narrowest, try to 
select, if possible, a place where the creek 
bottom is as free from stones and gravel 
as may be. Dig a straight ditch across the 
stream from bank to bank, two feet wide, 
and if possible get down to subsoil. Fill 
this ditch with a good “puddle”; this is 
done by dumping in clay, which should be 
free from stones, and which is kept well 
wetted and worked with a spade until it is 
like soft putty. Put on a pair of rubber 
boots and get right in. Now provide a 
portable sluice, which may be made from 
boards, large enough to carry the water 
while the dam is being built. When the 
ditch is puddled full you may begin haul¬ 
ing in dirt, dumping on both sides of the 
filled ditch. The ditch is the foundation 
of the core, and should be carried straight 
to the water level. Keep the dirt on each 
side slightly higher than the core as you 
build, and puddle as you go, keeping the 
lines of core perpendicular. Start your 
dam wide enough so the sides will not 
be too steep. If the dam is to be six feet 
high I should advise starting the founda¬ 
tion at least 12 feet across at the base, 
and narrowing to about four feet at water 
level. Move your board sluice from point 
to point as you build, and when you have 
reached water level, i. e., as high as you 
wish the water to stand in pond, build the 
overflow. This should be, if possible, in 
the bank around the end of the dam, mak¬ 
ing a ditch wide enough to carry the water 
at high water time (better twice too large 
than one-fourth too .small). 
At a point probably opposite the dam 
pave the ditch for a space of four or five 
feet with heavy stones; fit them closely 
and do not have the tops above the water 
level of your dam. Deepen the ditch above 
the paved overflow at least a foot below 
water level. It is not necessary to carry 
the core above water level, but the dam 
should be at least 18 inches higher than 
there is any possibility of the water ever 
reaching. I should not build a dam of 
this sort without a drainage pipe. If one 
is to be put in a cast-iron pipe is probably 
the cheaper and most durable; it should of 
course be placed at the lowest point, and 
if large enough will take care of the water 
while you are building the dam. The 
upper end of pipe should be securely cov¬ 
ered with a moderately fine screen made 
of heavy copper wire. If muskrats are to 
be found in your section you will save 
time and future trouble by paving the face 
of your dam as you build. Early the fol¬ 
lowing Spring get some live willow whips 
and stick them in the top of the dam ; they 
will take root and grow, and your dam is 
a permanent institution. In the cut a is 
lower side of dam ; b creek bottom ; c over¬ 
flow. In the end view of section of dam, 
1, face of dam; 2, water level; 3, top; 
4, end of earth work; 5, puddled core; 6, 
bottom of creek. a. j. hill. 
Parcels Post Advertising. 
With the new year of 1913 comes parcels 
post, and of course like any new thing 
everyone wants to try it. Some sent things 
for fun, some for gifts, but the farmers 
will try their hand at bringing the city 
consumer and the producing farmer nearer 
together, and eliminate the middleman. 
One of the Cleveland papers gave a chance 
for free advertising to producers, for six 
days. We thought we would give it a trial, 
and sent in an advertisement for maple 
sugar, maple cream and hickorynut fudge. 
In the next mail that reaches us came 
an order for 50 cents worth of hickorynut 
fudge, money with order, and inquiries 
for prices on the other articles advertised. 
Still they come, three orders in today's 
mail, but only one of them forwarded 
cash. I do not like to distrust people, but 
think the cash will have to be forthcoming 
before any orders are filled. 
Here's one a little out of order: “Single 
man, 40, wants situation on a farm raising 
poultry; will take half profit. I do not 
smoke, chew or drink.” We are not in 
that line of business; that is, to find po¬ 
sitions for people, but will pass it on. 
Whether it amounts to anything or not we 
thought we would try advertising—that's 
the only way to let people know what you 
have to sell. Another good way to adver¬ 
tise is to have a small blackboard on a 
post near the road and write on it the 
articles you have to sell. It remains yet 
to be seen how much benefit is derived 
from the parcels post, but the new business 
has started out with a rush. B. M. s. 
Ohardon, Ohio. 
Cement Apple Storage. 
Could you give a description of the ce¬ 
ment storage for apples mentioned in John 
Gould's article on North Carolina Apple 
Growing in The R. N.-Y. December 28, 
1912? j. d. 
New York. 
The apple storage “cavern” mentioned in 
The R. N.-Y., built in North Carolina the 
past season, is no more than a basement 
for any building, except in its construction 
to meet the requirements of apple keeping. 
This cement storage 30x60 feet, with 14- 
feet walls, was built into the north side 
of a very steep side hill, so that the 
apples, or other produce, could be driven 
on its upper side and unloaded onto the 
elevator, and a road on the lower side, 
makes the reloading as easy. This struc¬ 
ture faces the north and is in a grove of 
oak trees. The walls are double, actually 
being two walls each eight inches thick, 
making a 20-inch wall. A “core” was used 
in building four inches in thickness, 10 feet 
long, and four wide, which was placed 
as a divider as the walls were built. These 
cores did not meet, but a space of a foot 
was left between the ends, where the two 
walls were tied together as they were being 
built. These cores were slightly narrower 
at the lower edge, so that they could be 
readily lifted up for the next course of 
cement. The walls were constructed of 
coarse sand, and rock broken up to hen-egg 
size. When the walls were up this space 
between the walls was sealed at the top 
so that the air would be imprisoned and 
become sealed or dead air. Sills were laid 
on the top of the walls, joists 2x8 put on 
and ceiled underside. The spaces overhead 
between the joists were filled with packed 
sawdust, a floor laid over and then the 
whole upper surface covered with a coating 
of cement 2% inches thick. 
On the north, or exposed side of the 
storage, is the door 5x7 feet, and on each 
side of this door, within a foot of the ceil¬ 
ing, is a window 14x18 inches, the sash 
hung on hinges, so as to be opened or 
closed much or little as wanted for ven¬ 
tilation. Under the floor are two air con¬ 
duits commencing at the two far corners, 
and uniting near the door, going out as 
one conduit under the wall, and to a dis¬ 
tance of 20 feet from the building, making 
a sharp up-grade to their terminals within 
the storage room. As the floor of the 
“cavern” turned out to be stone before fin¬ 
ished, a cement floor was not needed. Up 
to date the ventilation has been ample, and 
the refrigeration sufficiently low to obviate 
the use of artificial cold and has been sur¬ 
prisingly uniform in temperature, whatever 
the outside influence. The building of this 
cavern and the storage therein of about 
3,000 boxes of apples has been watched 
with a great deal of interest by not only 
the apple men of that section, but the buy¬ 
ers and dealers who, up to date, have no 
criticisms to make. john gould. 
. Tanning. 
Clean off all the fat, then wash in warm 
(not hot) suds and rinse. Then take four 
ounces of alum, four ounces of salt, and 
half an ounce of borax; pour on them 
one quart of boiling water. When cool 
enougli to put in the hand add enough rye 
meal to make a paste, spread it all over 
the skin side, fold together and put where 
it will have the air for two weeks. Then 
scrape it off with a dull knife, rub the 
skin with anything that has a smooth 
round end till soft. If you wash it use 
clean water first, as the alum will set the 
dirt on the wool. The above is enough 
for a large sheep skin. l. s. l. 
CAVE 25 TO 50 PER CENT. ON HARNESS. Buy direct 
u from factory No traveling men. Get our illus¬ 
trated catalogue. Cast iron contract given on all 
work. Read what our Grange say of ns. 
BROWN, WHITTEN & CO., Fine Bush,N.Y. 
RAW GROUND LIME 
For use in stable gutters as an absorbent. 
F. E. CONLEY STONE CO., Dept. L, Utica, N. Y. 
Strong, 
Serviceable, Safe. 
T HE most reliable lantern for farm use 
is the RAYO. It is made of best ma¬ 
terial, so that it is strong and durable 
without being heavy and awkward. 
It gives a clear, strong light. Is easy to light and rewick. 
It won’t blow out, won’t leak, and won’t smoke. It is 
an expert-made lantern. Made in various sizes and 
styles. There is a RAYO for every requirement. 
At Dealers Everywhere 
STANDARD OIL COMPANY OF NEW YORK 
Albany 
Buffalo 
Boston 
New York 
