THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
125 
1913. 
MASSACHUSETTS FRUIT GROWERS. 
The nineteenth annual convention of the 
Massachusetts Fruit Growers’ Association 
was held in Horticultural Hall, Boston, 
January 10-11. It was a very successful 
and instructive meeting, and everybody 
who attended went away pleased and satis- 
lied their time had been well spent. The 
management worked hard to arrange a 
pleasing and useful program, and deserves 
the thanks of the society and its guests for 
the manner in which they carried it 
through. Many new members joined the 
society during the two days, and we now 
have about one thousand members, the 
largest in New England. The speakers 
were mostly New York men who have made 
a close study of the fruit business and 
have also had practical experience as apple 
"■rowers, and what they said was good 
practical common sense, every word of it. 
Dr. H. H. Whetzel of Ithaca opened the 
morning session of the first day with a 
practical talk on spraying, and while some 
things he stated would not perhaps be 
proper under our conditions in some sec¬ 
tions, yet anyone could not help getting 
some points that would prove very useful, 
no matter how much they already knew. 
One good point lie made especial emphasis 
on was to have plenty of pressure, and 
spray, not sprinkle, as sprinkling, or drip¬ 
ping it on simply put the poison on in 
spots, whereas a strong fine spray like 
needle points covered the entire surface 
of the foliage, and it would stick. He ad¬ 
vised using a tower where possible as high 
as the tree, so as to spray downward in¬ 
stead of up. He claimed one could spray 
a tree quicker and better from a tower 
than by using long poles on the ground. 
Another very important point, spray before 
a rain, not after. Why? Because the 
moisture stays on the leaves quite a while 
after the rain stops, and the solution will 
not stick as long as this moisture stays. 
Many reported cases of the failure of 
spraying to do any good were for just this 
reason; it was done after a rain, while 
the moisture was still on the leaves. 
Prof. C. D. Jarvis of the Connecticut 
Agricultural College spoke in the after¬ 
noon on Summer pruning, and showed that 
it was needed as much as Winter pruning. 
He was followed by Edgar W. J. Hearty 
on the home market, its use and abuse. 
What he said about some fruit received 
from local growers only helped to prove 
that many of us already believe, that we 
need and must have more uniform and 
even grading and packing systems in order 
to get better returns, or rather that re¬ 
turns would be more even and satisfactory 
generally than is the case at present. He 
advised a three-grade system of first, extra 
fancy, consisting of good colored and sound 
fruit of at least 2%-incli diameter; second, 
fancy, same as last except in size, which 
might be 2% inches in diameter; third, 
good, consisting of two-inch apples, sound 
but not so particular in regard to color as 
the .two latter classes. He thought the 
(ommission man was necessary, also ad¬ 
mitted there were too many black sheep in 
the flock, but there were many honest and 
honorable ones also. He stated the retail 
dealer is not in most cases getting rich, 
as some people think. lie stated much loss 
is sustained by them through bad accounts, 
and many are not successful long, and 
many fail, which I know is very true, as 
I have a large acquaintance in both these 
classes, the commission and retail trade. 
Mr. Walter Webling gave some interest¬ 
ing facts on the English market require¬ 
ments and how to benefit by them. In 
the evening a dinner was enjoyed by the 
association and its guests at Hotel Com¬ 
monwealth, and the speakers discussed co¬ 
operation between consumer and grower, 
the develoimiont of the port of Boston to 
furnish better transportation to the 
European markets which should place New 
England in a position to compete honor¬ 
ably with the growers of the Pacific coast 
region to secure the foreign trade. On 
Saturday, the second day of the convention, 
Editor Burritt of the Tribune Farmer, 
ably discussed the cost of producing a 
barrel of apples in his orchard. He used 
a stereopticon machine to show his method 
of computing costs and has a system that 
is novel and good, and seems to get as 
near the exact cost as it would be possible 
to get, charging up every item, taxes, 
interest, labor of all kinds, land value, 
building and whatever else enters into the 
cost, which in his case averaged nearly a 
dollar a barrel for the period of years 
which he kept the record. Some years it 
was below this figure, some much above. 
Others, he stated, had found the cost ran 
all the way from 75 cents to $2.25 in their 
experience. He was asked many questions 
by those who did not think he was quite 
fair in some of his charges, but he 
answered his hearers that lie knew his 
statements were correct. Mr. Samuel 
Frazer looked him up on several statements 
he made. At the same time this discussion 
was going on Mr. Fred A. Smith gave a 
talk on small fruits in another part of the 
building, followed by Mr. L. W. Rice, on 
peaches and Mr. Richard Hillinger on pears 
on which he is an expert, both in producing 
and selling, being located within a few 
miles of Boston. 
In the afternoon session Mr. Frazer gave 
his ideas on planting fruit trees, especially 
apples, and also of propagating from 
strains of well-known worth. lie handled 
the subject without gloves and gave many 
interesting facts which did not agree with 
much of the trash we read in some papers, 
written probably by men who know' nothing 
about a tree, or are trying to sell a gold 
brick to the public. lie did not see any 
advantage in planting dwarf trees, as 
standards will bear as quickly if given the 
right treatment of clean culture and fertil¬ 
ized and pruned properly, and right here 
I will state he does not believe in Sum¬ 
mer pruning for small trees up to four 
or five years old at least. He believes 
Greening should be green and not have a 
red cheek ; this is obtained by not opening 
the center of the tree too much. Under 
his system his trees get a good size at age 
of five years and bear apples. This does 
not mean every tree lie raises, or all va¬ 
rieties will bear at this age. He uses 
fertilizer and stable manure both, all he 
can get of the latter. He was asked many 
questions about what use and how to 
fertilize and when here in New England. 
His answer was “I don’t know, my ex¬ 
perience is in growing trees in Western 
New York, not here, conditions here I 
know nothing about; find out your soil, 
use your brains.” Several of the speakers 
thought that there was not likely to be 
as much profit in the future in apple 
orchards as in the past. This is my strong 
belief also, as the business is apt to be 
overdone. Both Mr. Frazer and Mr. Bur¬ 
ritt believe that a system of general farm¬ 
ing, instead of specializing on one thing, 
especially if that thing be orchards, will 
be the more wise, yield better returns and 
be more economical to carry on, also that 
as the rule the man with the 50-acre farm 
will get more money from his orchard 
per acre on that farm than the man who 
orchards hundreds of acres. About 2,500 
people attended the different sessions of 
the two days, and a good percentage of 
these were growers large or small. Elec¬ 
tion of officers will be held in Worcester 
in March and the next annual session will, 
by vote of the society, in answer to an 
invitation from Springfield, be held in that 
city. a. e. p. 
FIGHTING RED SPIDER. 
Will you give me what information you 
can in regard to the red spider? I have a 
quarter acre of black and red raspberries; 
last season about the time they were ripen¬ 
ing I noticed they were covered with the 
spiders. I cut all the old canes out (they 
were full of ripe berries), and cut the new 
canes back to about three feet high, then I 
took all the brush and leaves out and burned 
them. Then I sprayed thoroughly with 
lime-sulphur at the rate of one to 15. This 
burned the leaves some, but they came out 
and grew later. This Spring before the 
buds started at all I sprayed again with 
lime-sulphur. I do not know whether that 
killed the canes or not, but most of them 
never leaved out last Spring, so I cut them 
back to the ground and I have a fine stand 
of new canes about a foot high. What 
shall I do if the spiders come on again 
next Summer? I would like to hear 
through The R. N.-Y. from some one who 
has had experience with the red spider. I 
have never heard of any in this neighbor¬ 
hood before. f. m. c. 
Washington. 
The red spider is a very small mite which 
feeds on the under side of the leaves of 
many of our cultivated plants. It is espe¬ 
cially troublesome in dry weather, and in 
the warm, dry Summers in the State of 
Washington may become a serious pest on 
raspberries, currants, gooseberries, or even 
on the sweet cherry. The best method of 
control is thoroughly to clean out all litter 
and old canes, and spray with lime-sulphur 
one to 10, or 3 degrees Beaunid, before the 
buds start. If the pest appears spray thor¬ 
oughly, especially on the under side of the 
leaves, with a tobacco decoction made ac¬ 
cording to any of the following fomulas: 
1. One pound of tobacco leaves in four 
gallons of water. Boil thoroughly for one 
hour, strain and apply as a spray. 
2. One part of Black Leaf (tobacco) ex¬ 
tract, to 65 parts of water. Stir the ex¬ 
tract in a small quantity of water and 
when mixed add water to make up the de¬ 
sired amount. 
3. One part of “Black Leaf 40” to GOO 
parts of water. This is made as No. 2. The 
decoction or extract is simply a specially 
strong one that is used extensively by fruit 
growers. 
Kerosene emulsion can be used, but the 
tobacco decoctions as given above are much 
easier to prepare and handle. This may 
be used if the tobacco cannot be obtained. 
It is made by using two gallons of kero¬ 
sene, one-lralf to one pound of common soap 
and oqe gallon of water. Boil the water 
and dissolve the soap in it, then reniQve from 
the fire and stir in the kerosene with as 
much churning as possible, or use a pump to 
force the mixture around into itself until 
the creamy emulsion forms. Dilute with 10 
to 12 times its bulk of cold water and use 
as a spray. 
I have talked with several growers who 
have used the common “plug” tobacco and 
find that it works well, but almost any 
seedsman will carry one of the better forms 
of tobacco in stock. If any of the above 
Summer sprays are used thoroughly and 
Winter application of lime-sulphur given it 
will hold the red spider in effective check. 
But the spraying must be well done. 
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MALONEY BROS. G WELLS CO. 
117 Main Street 300 Acres DANSVILLE, N. Y, 
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Box 20, 
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PEACH and APPLE TREES 
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HIGHTSTOWN. N. J. 
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TENN. NURSERY CO., Box 141, Cleveland, Tenn. 
1847 
1913 
\\ lley s better trees cost less in the end. Our catalog shows why practical men plant onr trees, and who 
many of them are. Our family of Rural New-Yorker patrons know we are found on this page year after 
year % We want to say the best aro none too good for you, who have never tried our trees 
jrattimw^tear «t our catalog nqw H. S. Wiley & Son, 27 Beach St, Cayuga, N. Y.* 
