180 
the rurai> nbw-yorkeh 
February 8, 
FEEDING PROBLEMS. 
Ration for Cows. 
I am feeding a ration to my cows and 
wish to know if it is sufficient: Three 
parts cotton-seed, two of a commercial 
mixture, one of cornmeal, two of Buffalo 
feed, two wheat bran, one molasses feed; 
one bushel night and morning of silage, 
and plenty of good Timothy for roughage; 
three quarts of this grain night and morn¬ 
ing. w. j. c. 
New York. 
The above ration is a good one, and 
should be sufficient for the ordinary cow. 
It is my opinion that the ration would be 
more economical, and just as good, with¬ 
out the molasses feed, unless you can 
purchase it quite cheaply. c. L. M. 
Raising Calves Without Milk. 
TVhat is a cheap way to raise calves, 
and can you tell what is a cheap meal 
instead of milk? j. a. k. 
Philadelphia. 
My own experience in raising calves 
without skim-milk has not been entirely 
satisfactory. I believe that for a month 
a calf should have milk, the full milk for 
10 days to two weeks, when it may be 
changed gradually to skim-milk. In case 
skim-milk is not available continue the 
milk until the calf will eat dry grain. It 
may be taught to do this by placing a lit¬ 
tle in its mouth after drinking, or putting 
a little in the pail after the calf has 
finished drinking. When the calf has be¬ 
come accustomed to eating dry grain the 
drink may gradually be changed to water, 
which will be more readily drank if warmed 
a little. A good grain mixture is two 
parts each of wheat bran and cornmeal 
and one of oil meal. The calf may have 
all of this mixture it will eat, but it is 
well not to let it accumulate in the feed¬ 
ing box on account of souring. Good 
clover hay or Alfalfa, should be provided. 
After calves are two or three months old 
my practice is to change the grain feed 
to whole oats, and continue this until they 
are a year to 15 months old. Do not feed 
cotton-seed meal to calves. Some recom¬ 
mend giving a slop of cooked grains. 1 
have never tried it but once and then the 
calves were so troubled with indigestion, 
scours, etc., that I changed to dry grain. 
The digestive troubles ceased with the 
change in feed. Do not turn calves on 
grass before three or four months old— 
six is better—and then give plenty of grain, 
so that they need not depend on grass 
alone for nourishment. Bulletin No. 269, 
N. Y. State College of Agriculture, Ithaca, 
N. Y., treats of commercial calf meals, 
but these are hardly cheap feeds. 
C. L. M. 
Cow Questions. 
1. When a cow or calf has the scours 
will she be injured temporarily or per¬ 
manently? 2. Explain best and quickest 
manner of drying up cows both before 
freshing period and when vou desire to 
fatten same for market. What will be 
the results if after a cow is dried up 
naturally and just before she freshens 
someone draws on the milk ; will this have 
any effect on her milk flow? Best way to 
fatten cows for market? 3. Will it iriiure 
a young heifer one year old to put same 
in iron stanchion and when should she be 
bred? E. r. 
New York. 
1. If checked within a reasonable time, 
an attack of scours will not injure a cow 
or calf. 2. Take away the grain and succu¬ 
lent feeds, feed Timothy hay or corn fod¬ 
der, let the boy who is most interested in 
baseball do the milking, and instruct 
him to milk the udder only partially out 
each time, and, as the flow diminishes, 
milk but once daily until not more than 
two or three quarts are given, then stop 
milking and leave the udder absolutely 
alone. Repeated milkings just before 
freshening would “start” the milk and 
make a continuance ot milking necessary; 
It is doubtful if a partial milking would, 
though it should by no means be done 
save in those very rare cases where ex¬ 
cessive tension positively requires some 
relief to the udder. If in doubt, let the 
udder alone. To fatten cows for mar¬ 
ket, dry them, restrict their liberty, and 
feed liberally of cornmeal, commencing 
with a quart at a feed and increasing 
gradually and watchfully, as they are 
easily thrown off their feed. Stop at first 
signs of repletion, and cutting down the 
amount a little, continue it as the maxi¬ 
mum ration. Potatoes or roots in addi¬ 
tion ■will hasten and cheapen the fattening 
process. 3. Yearlings will not be injured 
by reasonable confinement in stanchions, 
though it is better to give them their 
liberty. They should be bred to freshen 
at from two to two and a half years of 
age, depending upon their degree of de¬ 
velopment ; the smaller breeds of the 
Jersey type mature a little more quickly, 
and may be bred somewhat younger than 
the Ilolsteins. is. B. D. 
Another Cow Ration. 
I would like a ration for cows that 
would go with shredded cornstalks and 
mangels. I have oats, corn, barley, bran, 
middlings and oil meal. The cows are 
Guernsey and Jersey; they freshened in 
the Spring. How much at a feed now, 
and how much when fresh? J. H. 
New York. 
As a grain ration to go with your corn 
fodder and mangels, equal parts by weight 
of ground oats, wheat feed (bran and 
middlings), and cotton-seed meal would be 
an excellent combination, though, if 
cheaper in your market, you might substi¬ 
tute cornmeal for the oats, and gluten 
feed or buckwheat middlings for the cot¬ 
ton-seed meal; this, at some loss of effi¬ 
ciency, however. The mangels may be fed 
in quantity of from 30 to 40 pounds daily, 
and all of the corn fodder that the cows 
will readily clean up. Weigh each cow’s 
milk, and give a pound of grain daily for 
each three or 3% pounds of milk she is 
giving. With this amount as a standard, 
increase or decrease the quantity according 
to the milk flow. M. b. d. 
Alfalfa for Hogs. 
Alfalfa hay is used to a considerable 
extent in this seetion of the country for 
feeding hogs. In former years, consider¬ 
able Alfalfa meal was fed, but the farmers 
are feeding less meal and more hay each 
year. Our experiments here at the col¬ 
lege have shown that it does not pay to 
feed Alfalfa meal to fattening hogs. Al¬ 
falfa hay fed in a rack similar to a sheep 
rack but without legs has always given 
better results than mixing the Alfalfa meal 
with the grain ration. I think the reason 
for this is that when we mix the meal 
with the corn or mill feed, we force the 
hogs to eat more of the bulky feed than is 
best suited for the most rapid gains. Both 
Alfalfa meal and Alfalfa hay are used to a 
considerable extent for feeding brood sows. 
However, the general practice seems to in¬ 
dicate that the gain resulting from feeding 
the meal does not pay for the cost of 
grinding, and for that reason it is more 
economical to feed the Alfalfa hay in racks. 
A good many farmers have found that they 
secure the best results from Alfalfa by 
running it through a chopper instead of 
grinding it, and some of our most success- 
hog breeders and growers feed their brood 
sows chopped Alfalfa during the Winter 
months. 
I have been told by different men that 
they have found where their sows were 
not raised on Alfalfa pasture that they 
have had difficulty in getting them to 
eat more hay from the racks. Where that 
is tlie case, they have found it necessary 
to feed either the meal or the chopped 
hay. In regard to the best proportion 
to feed, I will say that we have found 
it more economical to either feed the hay 
in the racks or run it through the cutter 
and let the hogs eat it at will. I have 
found that on full feed hogs consume about 
3% to four pounds of grain for 100 pounds 
of live weight and about one-fourth of a 
pound of Alfalfa hay for each 100 pounds 
live weight. For growing hogs and brood 
sows a cheaper ration can be made by 
restricting the amount of grain feed, there¬ 
by causing the hogs to eat more of the 
hay. TURNER R. H. WRIGHT. 
Kansas Agrl. College. 
Horse and Cattle Feeding. 
No doubt much may be gained by dis¬ 
cussion of various types of stable equip¬ 
ments and descriptions thereof, and as I 
am not fully decided as to what is most 
desirable as to convenience and economy, 
the following is submitted: 
1. Horse feeding equipments.—What is 
best from which to feed hay and grain? 
Objections to old-fashioned manger are: 
Horses stand forward while feeding and in 
expectation of receiving feed and while in 
this position voidings are deposited where 
the horses afterwards lie, thus soiling 
their coats. The old-fashioned rack, with 
grain trough below, shuts out the light 
and interior stable view; while the hay 
chutes, sometimes used, are impracticable 
because of our overhead driveways. 
2. Cattle equipment.—What is best for 
cattle, especially dairy cows, with regards 
to comfort to the animals, cleanliness, con¬ 
venience and economy, the feeds used being 
silage, hay and grain? Objections to even 
modern stanchions are: hay has to be 
placed where cow’s head is likely to be at 
that particular time, and when silage is 
fed it is mussed and breathed over and 
flung out of manger when cow .is seeking 
out tlie grain portion of her ration, or more 
especially corn in the silage ; and the modi¬ 
fied low combination hay and silage feed¬ 
ing rack in use here by our best farmers, 
while it gives freedom to the cow, yet 
keeps her back to the gutter and allows 
the feed only to come within reach as 
eaten away below, and assures heads being 
out of the way when hay is being fed. 
Yet we cannot well arrange to have access 
to the feeding trough from feeding alley 
to throw out unused feed. J. b. m. 
Grantsville, Md, 
R. N.-.Y.—These questions are interesting 
to many feeders and we would like a full 
discussion. Will you give your experience? 
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