346 
TH1£ RURAIi NKW-voRKI-CR 
Failure of a Garden. 
A. G. S., St. Mara's Pa .—I would like 
advice on what to use in a garden which 
I bought here last Summer. When I got it 
it was seeded to Timothy and clover, a 
fair stand. I plowed it in May and tried 
to raise peas, beans and tomatoes, in fact, 
general garden truck for private family, 
but nothing grew. I kept the weeds down 
all Summer, and had it plowed again in 
December. The ground is a sandy loam 
deficient in everything except wireworms. 
I wish to make a family garden out of it 
I can get manure from livery stables, all 
horse manure. Will it do to spread about 
two loads on the plot, 50x150? Shall I 
plow it under in Spring or leave and work 
in as garden is planted? What chemicals 
shall I use with it if any? 
Ans. —The growing of vegetables on 
sod land is never very successful, as 
they require a deep, rich, friable soil 
for good results. This piece of land 
would have given better results if it 
had been cropped to corn the past sea¬ 
son. The December plowing will prove 
beneficial, and no doubt be the means of 
destroying many of the wireworms. If 
it had been given a liberal coat of air- 
slaked lime after plowing as a top-dres¬ 
sing it would have been further bene¬ 
fited. Two loads of manure will not 
benefit very much; would advise that 
you apply six to eight ordinary two- 
temperature drops to zero or below a 
mulching of coarse strawy manure may 
be applied between the rows with 
benefit. A sandy loam soil well enriched 
with short well-rotted manure is most 
suitable for onions. This variety will 
grow in almost any kind of soil, but 
the better the soil the more rapid they 
will grow, and be more tender and less 
pungent than if grown on heavy, poor 
soil. The cultivation consists in keep¬ 
ing the ground stirred and free from 
weeds during the growing season. 
K. 
Pruning Grapevines. 
E. 0. FFew York .—Ou page 137, article 
on pruning of grape vines gives instructions 
to renew the stems or arms from which the 
fruiting shoots spring every few years. 
Is this necessary or desirable? A nursery 
firm in their catalogue state that it is 
necessary to cut back to one or two buds 
of the stem, the fruiting shoots only, year 
after year. 
Ans. —The above inquiry would seem 
to indicate diversity of opinion relative 
to pruning with the horizontal arm spur 
system of training. I have read the ref¬ 
erence in the catalogue of the company 
in question. I feel quite sure that were 
they writing a complete treatise for 
pruning and training this system that 
CALVES IN THE ORCHARD. 
horse loads of manure this Spring, and 
plow it in as early as it is possible to 
work this soil without injury, and as a 
supplementary, spread broadcast at 
planting time about 200 pounds complete 
vegetable fertilizer analyzing about as 
follows: Soluble potash, 7 per cent.; 
nitrogen, 2-3 per cent., equivalent to 
ammonia, 3.50 per cent.; available phos¬ 
phoric acid, 7 per cent. It will require 
two or three years’ heavy manuring be¬ 
fore this ground will yield its best or 
maximum crops. Would advise that 
you plow the ground next Fall again 
and top-dress it with about 500 pounds 
air-slaked lime and follow with a heavy 
coat of well-rotted manure plowed in, 
in the Spring, supplementing with vege¬ 
table fertilizer as a top-dressing as 
directed this Spring. With this treat¬ 
ment, good seed planted at the proper 
time followed by frequent and thorough 
cultivation, this land should produce 
almost a maximum crop of first-class 
vegetables the second year. K. 
Winter Onions. 
J. J., E. Chatham, N. Y.—Will some one 
who has had experience in raising Winter 
onions tell what kind of soil and fertilizer 
and care is needed? Can the sets be used 
or must they be raised from the seed and 
what are the good varieties? 
Ans. —There really is but one variety 
of true Winter or perennial onion, the 
Egyptian or Red Perennial. This va¬ 
riety never forms a large bulb; its value 
lies wholly in its special adaptability to 
produce green onions for Spring or 
Fall use. It is perfectly hardy and may 
remain in the ground all the time. This 
onion does not seed, but produces sets 
on the top of the seed stalk in clusters. 
These sets ripen in late August or early 
September, and may be planted almost 
as soon as ripe. In sections where the 
includes the advice to remove the 
old spurs entirely from time to time 
would be quite prominent in it. From 
acquaintance with members of this com¬ 
pany and from personal observation in 
their vineyards I know they appreciate 
the value of renewal from time to time. 
In our own experience with Concords 
trained by this system we learned that 
even spurs three years old were not so 
productive as those one and two years. 
With all systems it is desirable to get 
rid of the old wood from time to time. 
In our vineyards we have found this to 
be desirable and profitable. Vines 20” 
years old have been revigorated by this 
practice. With certain varieties it is 
said that better fruit is borne cn the 
older wood as a framework, but with 
Concord it certainly does not prove so. 
F. E. GI.ADWIN. 
Tree Dopers in Colorado. 
W. W. Robbins of the Colorado Agricul¬ 
tural College tells of people who claim that 
cottonwood trees may be treated so as to 
stop them from producing “cotton.” 
“The treatment suggested usually consists 
of boring holes into the wood of the trunk, 
placing in these some “dope” and plugging. 
The opinion is that the chemical material 
is carried in the sap to the smaller branches 
of the tree and in some way inhibits the 
formation of cotton. Of course, it is well 
known that there are two kinds of cotton¬ 
wood individuals. There are those produc¬ 
ing only flowers which bear powder-like 
pollen. There will be no cotton formed 
on a tree of this kind. Then there are 
cottonwood individuals bearing flowers 
which will develop seed. These trees do 
not produce pollen. The “cotton” of a 
tree consists of hairs attached to the seed; 
hence it is clear that only seed-bearing cot¬ 
tonwoods will produce cotton. There is no 
scientific foundation for the belief that 
this seed production can be prevented by 
plugging the tree and at the same time al¬ 
low all other activities of the plant to 
proceed in the normal fashion. It is safe 
to say that any treatment which will suc¬ 
cessfully prevent seed production will just 
as successfully stop leaf, root and stem 
production. There are some firms which 
claim to have a remedy in the nature of a 
chemical which can be introduced into the 
trunks of trees to prevent cotton bearing, 
as well as prevent and cure many diseases 
of shade and orchard trees. These reme¬ 
dies are entirely worthless. They are fake 
and quack remedies.” 
February 23 , 
irow 
BRANS 
r ATERiALS 
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THE JAMES A. BLANCHARD COMPANY 
554 Hudson Terminal, NEW YORK. 555 Broad St., ST. JOSEPH, MICH. 
Factories: New York and St. Joseph 
LIME, LEGUMES 
AND DRAINAGE 
are the three crying needs of most 
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[R-RlLANDUr 
A POTATO CULTIVATOR 
Adjustable 
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Good for corn, beans, truck crops, 
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mm 
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Boston, 45 Milk St.; New York, Fifth Ave. Bldg' 
Steel frame machines, made 
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Ask your dealer to show them 
Pivot 
wheel 
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and write us for new booklet. 
Thorough Cultivation," 
BATEMAN M’F’G CO. 
Grenloch. N J. 
Box io21 
WHOLESALE PRICES 
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126 Reilly Road Damville, N. Y., 
Reilly's 
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Trees 
