264. 
THE RURAL NEW-VORKttR 
Lime for Thin Land. 
H. E. B., Portland, Conn .—The soil on 
this farm is a sandy loam, very deficient in 
organic matter except for a few pieces 
where cow peas in one case and a heavy 
growth of weeds in others were turned 
under last Fall. The pieces are all sown 
to rye and rye and turnips. I intend to 
sow one piece to oats and clover, and corn 
on others, including the piece with cow 
peas turned under. Will the green manure 
tend to make an acid soil and if so would 
you advise liming on the corn land as well 
as on the oats and clover? How much lime 
per acre? 
Ans. —Most of such land is sour, and 
lime will help it. A green crop plowed 
under while the soil and air are warm 
with the furrows left open and loose 
will often ferment and sour the ground. 
Much of this trouble will be prevented 
if the soil is packed with a roller after 
plowing. This packing firms the soil 
and prevents the air from working in 
too freely. The corn will not respond 
to liming as the other grains do, yet 
we think it will pay to use 1500 pounds 
or more of lime to the acre. Spread it 
after plowing and harrow in well. 
tion of arsenate of lead and Bordeaux, 
which may now be bought from dealers 
under various names. This is said to be 
less liable to produce russetting than 
Bordeaux, lime-sulphur or any other 
mixture, if applied under favorable con¬ 
ditions, but neither this nor any other 
known preparation will prevent russett¬ 
ing if climatic or weather conditions are 
not favorable at the time of spraying 
or during the first two or three weeks 
of the development of the fruit, k. 
February 22, 
Delicious Apple in Idaho. 
O. IF. L., Payette, Idaho .—In planting 
40 acres to apples, 35x30 feet in which 
fully one-half would be Delicious, how 
would Grimes, Arkansas Black, Rome 
Beauty and Banana act as pollenizers for 
Delicious? Plow many rows of Delicious 
could be safely put in a compact body 
to ensure complete fertilization of the 
bloom? 
Ans. —There has not been sufficient 
experience with the Delicious apple up 
to this date to inform us as to its abil¬ 
ity to pollinate its own flowers or not 
to do so; nor do we know just what va¬ 
rieties will pollinate its flowers if they 
need it. But on general principles it is 
wise to plant only about five rows of 
one kind in a body and with alternate 
blocks of another kind that is known or 
thought to be a good pollinator. The 
Grimes has been found to be quite a 
strong pollinator for other varieties and 
it may be so for Delicious. As to the 
other varieties named, Arkansas Black, 
Rome Beauty and Banana, I do not 
know of their character ir this respect. 
H. E. VAN DEMAN. 
Pears Russetting. 
G. R. C., Madisonville, O .—What can be 
done to prevent the brown rust on Kieffer 
pears? I live in a section where many 
Kieffer pears are grown, and in the last 
few seasons much of the fruit, especially 
that grown on the lower limbs and on the 
older trees, is covered with a brown rust, 
causing it to be unsalable. Is this a fungus 
disease, and could it be controlled by spray¬ 
ing with lime-sulphur solution or Bordeaux 
mixture? If so, how many applications 
would be necessary? The local markets 
have been overstocked with pears, and they 
have sold at low prices. Do eastern grow¬ 
ers have much difficulty in disposing of 
their crops? 
Ans.— Russetting is not generally 
looked upon by fruit growers as a dis¬ 
ease but rather as an evidence of un¬ 
favorable climatic conditions, prevailing 
shortly after fruit has set. For many 
years the terms, Bordeaux injury and 
russetting have practically referred to 
the same condition. In many instances 
Bordeaux has been blamed for russett¬ 
ing, which was caused by climatic con¬ 
ditions. Experiments station experts and 
practical up-to-date fruit growers are 
now beginning to realize the true cause 
and place the blame on weather condi¬ 
tions, where it belongs. A very light 
late frost, which would scarcely be 
noticeable, will ofttimes produce rus¬ 
setting. Spraying during cloudy weather 
will also produce it, regardless of what 
the spraying material is compounded 
from. Every fruit grower has seen 
russetted or so-called Bordeaux injured 
fruit on trees that never were sprayed 
with anything. Spraying should never 
be done in cloudy weather. Select a 
bright clear day for this work. Any 
of the standard spraying mixtures are 
good, but that which seems to give best 
and most lasting results, is a combina- 
Filing Clippings. 
Noting Mr. Foss's method of filing clip¬ 
pings (page 153), I thought a method I 
have in use might help those who appre¬ 
ciate the value not only of clippings, but 
of State and National bulletins on any 
subject, and enable one to get the thing 
sought in a moment. The value of such 
things often means the difference between 
success and failure. First, I have a 5x8- 
ineh alphabetically indexed book. In this 
is entered under the proper letter, the sub¬ 
jects referred to. I copy part of the items 
indexed in my book under the letter 1*; 
potato, poultry, pests, pruning, etc. Each 
item entered also notes the phase of the 
subject in question, and refers to the bulle¬ 
tin or clipping required for that phase of 
the subject, by number. Then I number 
the bulletins, from one upwards. Under 
the subject of “Potato,” for instance, bul¬ 
letin 1 tells of culture, 2 of fertilizer, 3 
of seed, 4 of scab, 5 of spraying, etc., etc. 
Clippings are kept in a pasteboard port¬ 
folio, or letter file, 11x7 inch, indexed A to 
Z; the indexed book, first referred to, refers 
to clippings, and the phase of the subject, 
as index P, for anv subject under that let¬ 
ter. It is very simple and of great value 
to the man who does not know it all, and 
has sense enough to know he does not know. 
Norristown, Pa. p. g. 
I use No. 6% manila envelopes, of fair 
quality, which cost 70 cents per thousand 
or eight cents per hundred, in smaller 
quantities. They are kept in envelope 
boxes, each of which is large enough to 
hold 300 or 400 envelopes that are fairly 
well filled. At first only a few envelopes 
will be needed, but for convenience in using 
the box should be kept nearly full. When 
the clippings become so numerous that an¬ 
other box is needed only a small part of 
the collection should be removed but the 
extra space in the second box should be 
filled with blank envelopes which are to be 
used as the number of clippings increases. 
At the top of each envelope that is used 
I write the subject of the clippings which 
it is to contain. This makes it much 
easier, especially when the box is nearly 
full, to find any topic that is wanted than 
it would he if the writing were at the 
middle or lower part of the envelope where 
the address is usually placed if it is to be 
sent by mail. When the subject seems 
likely to have a large number of clippings 
it is better to use several envelopes than 
it is to crowd them all into one. This 
will make the matter easier to handle and 
will also permit the noting of specific fea¬ 
tures of the topic. Thus an envelope that 
is simply marked “Animals” may be fol¬ 
lowed by “Animals: Breeding of,” “Ani¬ 
mals : Care of,” “Animals: Feeding of,” 
“Animals: Grain for,” and so on. All the 
envelopes that are used are arranged al¬ 
phabetically. Consequently the collection is 
self-indexing and anything that it contains 
can be easily and quickly found. 
The clippings should he made promptly. 
If this is not done many articles which 
it was designed to save will be overlooked 
and the papers containing them will be mis¬ 
laid or destroyed. But if it does not seem 
possible to do the work soon after the 
paner has been looked over the articles 
which seem worthy of preservation should 
be heavily checked witli a colored pencil 
or crayon and the numbers of the pages 
on which they appear should be plainly 
marked on the front page. And if when the 
cutting is done there is not time to imme¬ 
diately place the articles in their proper 
envelopes they should be placed in a large 
envelope which is marked “Unassorted.” 
Tins, however, should never be done except 
as a merely temporary expedient. Unless 
it appears to be of only slight importance 
I write on each clipping the name, or 
some abbreviation thereof, and the date of 
the paper from which it is taken. The 
last-named item should never be omitted. 
There are cases in which the usefulness or 
uselessness of an article at the time it is 
00080111 x 1 depends entirely upon the date 
of its publication. There are also many 
instances in which, though it is not of vital 
importance, a knowledge of the date on 
which a clipping was printed adds greatly 
to its interest and value. j. e. k. 
OF CLOTHES 
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MANUFACTURERS DISTRIBUTING CO. 
Dept. 21, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
▼RADS MARK 
>Q>£d»0IfU 
EDISON 
PULVERIZED 
LIMESTONE 
Nature’s Crop Producer 
Made from the purest Crystaline White 
Limestone obtainable. 
Pulverized like flour; owing to its fine¬ 
ness of division, immediately avail¬ 
able to plant life. 
Not being Caustic, can be applied at 
any time without danger to plant life. 
The best and cheapest form of Lime 
for all crops. 
Especially recommended for Alfalfa. 
Sustains fertility and increases pro¬ 
ductiveness of the soil. 
For Sample, Booklet, Price, etc., address 
Edison Portland Cement Co. 
Stewartsville, N. J. 
Save 25% on Your Fertilizer Bills 
By Home Mixing 
Urged and endorsed by all Experiment Sta¬ 
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Writ e today for free booklet on Home Mixing 
—How and Why. Copy an analysis from an 
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delivered your station. You will be surprised. 
WRITE TODAY 
NITRATE AGENCIES COMPANY, 16 BRIDGE ST., NEW YORK 
_Hot-beds 
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Double-Glass 
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The old single layer hot-bed sash are better than 
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Drain Your Land 
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power Cyclone Tile Ditching'- 
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Wi 
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m 
ODORLESS FERTILIZERS 
FARMERS’ FERTILIZER CO. 
of America, ine., manufacturers of all grades of Inoc¬ 
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Lime, Ground Rock Phosphate, Basic Absorbent 
Meal, want Responsible Agents Immediately. Fertilizers 
manufactured under a now patent process which 
does not require sulphuric or other injurious acids; 
always dry and drillnble, never harden nor rot the 
sacks; analyses guaranteed in accordance with 
State laws. Write immediately for Exclusive Territory. 
70S PENN AVE., Dept. D, PITTSBURGH, PA. 
SPRAYING MATERIALS 
AT WHOLESALE 
Buy your Lime-Sulphur direct from the 
manufacturer and save money. Good 
farmers wanted to act us agents. Address, 
F. H. ENGLEHARDT, - Friendship, N. Y. 
Make Your Own Drain 
THE FARMERS’ CEMENT TILE MACHINE 
process. No tamping or use of pallets. This machine and tile used by Experiment Sta. 
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Box 604 , ST. JOHNS. MICH- 
Plant Food — Spring, 1913 
The subject of Plant Food should interest 
every intelligent farmer Right Now —in con¬ 
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Write today for our booklets, “Soil Fertility,” “The Grass Crop,” “The Apple” 
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THE ROGERS & HUBBARD CO., Department. A, Middletown, Conn. 
