288 
THE RURAE NEW-YORKER 
March 1, 
CONTROLLING APPLE LICE. 
The season of 1912 has been notable 
'for the great abundance of plant lice, 
especially on apple trees. The presence 
of such an enormous number of these 
insects on apples has been accompanied 
by serious injury to the trees and much 
damage to the fruit. There were three 
different species of aphis causing the 
trouble, the European grain aphis, the 
rosy aphis and the common green aphis. 
The first one does not seem to be a 
serious pest in New York State, but 
the rosy aphis and the green aphis are 
exceedingly injurious. 
Life History of Apple Aphis. —In 
the Fall the female aphid lays her dark 
brown shining eggs along the branches 
and around the bases of the buds. The 
eggs rest in these situations until the 
following Spring. The eggs hatch just 
about the time the buds begin to swell 
and the young wingless lice cluster on 
the buds for their first Spring meal. 
As soon as these young lice mature 
they give birth to another generation, 
and these to another, and so on through 
the season. The rosy aphis, however, 
YOUNG LICE ON OPENING BUD. 
is said to produce only three genera¬ 
tions on the apple, after which it leaves 
the trees for some unknown food plants. 
It is a fact that the rosy aphis left the 
apple trees, for the most part, by the 
middle of July during the season of 
1912. On the other hand, the green 
apple aphis remains on the trees all 
Summer, curling and rolling the leaves. 
The plant lice multiply with extra¬ 
ordinary rapidity. One mother may 
give birth to 75 to 100 young, each of 
which in 10 days or two weeks becomes 
a full grown and begins to bring forth 
other young in her turn. Thus it is 
easy to see how a few lice left after a 
careless spraying or after even the most 
thorough treatment may restock the 
plant in a few days. 
Methods of Control. —In the first 
place, early treatment is necessary if 
one expects to check the increase of 
these pests and to control them. Apple 
aphids cannot be satisfactorily con¬ 
trolled if one waits until the leaves be- 
extract. Whale-oil soap is apt to vary 
in composition and is sometimes not as 
effective as it should be. This may ac¬ 
count for the poor success occasionally 
had in spraying for aphids with this 
material. Moreover, if the ingredients 
of the soap are not properly combined 
it may produce burning. When used, 
the soap should be dissolved in water at 
the rate of one pound to five gallons of 
water. 
Kerosene emulsion is also much used 
for killing aphids. It has fine spreading 
and penetrating qualities, and for this 
reason is very effective. Dissolve one- 
half pound of soap which has been 
shaved fine in one gallon of boiling 
water, preferably rain water, and add 
two gallons of kerosene oil. Agitate 
the mixture by pumping it through the 
spray pump back into itself until a 
white creamy mixture is produced. Take 
one part of this to eight parts of water 
and spray the trees thoroughly. The 
objection to kerosene emulsion is the 
difficulty and trouble in making it. If 
one has a lime-sulphur boiling plant the 
emulsion can be made easily and 
quickly by boiling it with steam. More¬ 
over, when the oil and soap solution 
are boiled with steam for 20 minutes 
the compound will be stable and there 
will be little danger of the oil separat¬ 
ing when diluted with cold water. The 
black-leaf-40 is coming into great favor 
because of the ease with which it is di¬ 
luted with water and because of its 
effectiveness in killing the aphids. It 
should be used at the rate of three- 
fourths of a pint or a pint to 100 gal¬ 
lons of water. The one objection to 
black-leaf-40 is that it is weak in its 
power to spread and penetrate. This 
may be remedied, however, by adding 
four or five pounds of soap to 100 gal¬ 
lons of the mixture. Black-leaf-40 can 
also be combined with lime-sulphur. In 
case this is done, the soap should not 
be added. 
A Final Recommendation. —Spray 
the lice while they are young and are 
clustered on the buds. Do this with 
any one of the mixtures named in the 
foregoing. If black-leaf-40 is used it 
may be combined with the lime-sulphur 
applied for the late dormant spraying. 
If the lice are not all killed, the black- 
leaf-40 may be used again with the 
lime-sulphur and arsenate of lead for 
the first scab spraying just before the 
blossoms open. A third dose may be 
given after the blossoms fall when the 
first Codling moth spray is being ap¬ 
plied. In any case, do not wait until 
the leaves curl, for the lice cannot be 
hit. GLENN W. HERRICK. 
Frozen Tree*. 
L. V. D., Port Murray, N. J .— Last Fall 
the bark on the branches of a number of 
apple trees on my place began to peel off, 
on some down to the gray bark under¬ 
neath, and on others down to the live 
wood. What caused this? 
A ns. —From your description of the 
behavior of your apple trees, it is quite 
certain that your trees were Winter- 
injured last Winter. The only thing 
which you can do to help the trees is to 
cut away the dead bark and to keep the 
wounds well painted to preserve the 
wood until it can be covered by a new 
growth. If the trees are severely in¬ 
jured they may be permanently affected. 
The trees should be given good cultiva¬ 
tion and liberal fertilization to encour¬ 
age them to make as much growth as 
possible, in order to heal over the in¬ 
juries. 
Fall Bearing Strawberries. 
Tj. W., Milan, Pa .—What do you think 
about Fall-bearing strawberries? Would 
it be a profitable crop and how does the 
flavor compare with the June berry? Some 
growers in Northern New York claim they 
have berries until November 1. Here in 
Northern Pennsylvania we often have frost 
in September, which would kill other ber¬ 
ries ; would think it would be even colder 
there. 
EGGS OF LICE ON BASE OF BUD. 
gin to roll and curl. It is then almost 
impossible to hit the lice, as they are 
hidden away among the rolled leaves. 
The most efficient time to spray for 
these lice is when they are clustered on 
the swelling buds. In the second place, 
the treatment should be thorough, for 
every louse must be hit in order to be 
killed. To do this, an abundance of 
liquid should be used an a high pres¬ 
sure, 150 to 200 pounds, maintained 
during the spraying. Direct the stream 
up, down, sidewise and from all angles 
possible, in order to hit the lice on all 
sides of the stems and leaves. The 
materials to use will depend somewhat 
upon circumstances. There are three 
substances much used for fighting 
aphids, namely, whale-oil soap, kerosene 
emulsion and black-leaf-40, a tobacco 
Ans. —We think most of the horticul¬ 
tural claims for these Fall-bearing 
plants are fair. Some of the varieties 
certainly do give fair crops of fruit un¬ 
til late in the Fall, unless the frost nips 
the bloom; the berries show great 
hardiness. We have tasted some of 
these Fall berries which were quite as 
good in flavor as any of the Summer 
ripening sorts, and they give very fair 
yields. As a rule they are shy plant 
makers, and do not propagate freely. 
As a commercial proposition we doubt 
if these Fall bearers have any great fu¬ 
ture. As a novelty they have thus far 
sold well, but if produced in large quan¬ 
tities they must compete with many Fall 
fruits, and we do not believe they will 
pay on a large scale. It will pay any 
fruit grower to plant a fair number of 
Fall bearers, but we do not advise a 
large investment. 
Does Your Farm 
NEED LIME? 
Most farms do that have been cropped for 
a long term of years—a Dollar invested 
in lime to correct the acidity of the soil 
will result in $10 extra value of the crop. 
The best lime for all agricultural 
purposes is 
sold under a guaranteed analysis and 
a reputation of more than a century 
standing back of the product. Write 
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telling how, for what, and when to 
use lime. Address nearest office. 
Rockland 6 Rockport Lime Co. 
Rockland, Me. 
Boston, 45 Milk St.; New York, Fifth Ave. Bldg, 
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Pure Field Seeds 
Clover, Timothy, Alsike, Alfalfa and all kinds of 
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_!Bf$Lots 
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CHERRY TREES $6.90 PER HUNDRED 
S'”"*?"’ 4 to B fcet Tree*. May 1* all 
l l ^ y ° r , of fo " r "Reties. No less 
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telling what, where and how to 
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REILLY BROS. 
nurseries 
127 Reilly Road, Dansville, N. Y. 
Re illy s 
Reliable 
Trees 
When yon write advertisers mention Tub 
I t. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
GREAT DANE OATS 
Bred in Denmark, imported and acclimated in 
Michigan and Northern Ohio. Big heavy meat, thin 
shuck. Customers report they outyielded other oats 
sowed beside them three to one. Ninety to 110 bush¬ 
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straw. Stools very heavy. Price, ten bushels, $1.76 
per bushel. Less than ten, $2.00 per bushel. 
DUNCANS EARLY YELLOW DENT CORN 
Bred and seed grown in Michigan. Won State champion¬ 
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Get away from that big cob short kernel corn, order some 
DUNCANS KARLY YELLOW DENT, and your motto will 
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that is ripe before the frosts come. Price, per bushel, $3.00. 
BLUE MOUNTAIN ENSILAGE CORN 
Grown in high altitude in Blue Ridge Mountains, mammoth 
forage, id pens earlier thau ordinary ensilage, $3.00 per bn. 
OATMAN & MONFORT, Cleveland, O. 
SEED FOR THE FARM 
NOTHING FOR GARDEN 
Grass Seed Alfalfa 
Seed Oats Cow Peas 
Seed Corn Vetches 
Seed Potatoes Millets 
Peas, 8oy«, Buckwheat, Rape, Crimson, Barley, Rye 
CATALOG FREE 
A. H. HOFFMAN, Landisvllle, Lancaster Co., Pa. 
Seed Oats, Spoltz, 
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gg p Canadian Field Peas, Hun- 
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W. Scarify New Carlisle, Ohio 
ALFALFA 
All Northern erown, guaranteed to be 99 percent 
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GRAIN ANO GRASS SEED 
Northern grown and of .atrongest -vitality. We 
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I will give a lot of ne\ 
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fill. Buy and test. Return i 
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Over 7 00 illustrations of vege 
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Y, Rockford, Illinoi 
10 FRUIT TREES 
— — ■ m ■ 1 
1 Seckel Pear 
1 Bartlett Pear 
1 Niagara Peach 
1 Bing Cherry 1 McIntosh Apple 
1 Montmorency 1 Delicious Apple 
1 Abundance Plum 1 Orange Quince 
1 Heine Claude Plum 
All trees first class, 2 yr„ 4 to 5 ft. high, for 95 cents. 
Write for free illustrated catalogue and send Ust of 
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F.W. Wells’ Wholesale Nurseries, Box 1, Dansville, N. Y. 
SALZEKS Offers 
Flnwpr SpPfl« Special collection— 
1IUWVC1 lJVCUS. brilliant bloomers- 
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1 pkg. Elegant Asters 
1 pkg. Lovely Alyssum 
1 pkg. Bright Petunias 
1 pkg. Brilliant Poppies 
1 pkg. Blue Centaurea 
1 pkg. Sunny Cosmos 
Six packages postpaid for 
14 cts. Easily worth 35 cts. 
Vegetable Seeds. 
tables in generous packages. Will furnish 
rich, juicy vegetables and lots and lots of 
them during spring and summer. Enough 
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each Salzer’s Earliest Cabbage, Short Horn 
Carrot. Early Market Cucum- 
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Onion and Flash Light Rad¬ 
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all six, postpaid, for 
Combination Offer. 
above two for 25 cents or 
Send 30c and we add 
the wonderful New 
Earliest Red Riding 
Hood Tomato Nov¬ 
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For 10 cents we gladly mall one package each 
new $1,000 Prize Marquois Wh eat, Twentieth 
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JOHN A. SALZER SEED CO. 
144 South Eighth St„ LaCrosse, Wls. 
