898 
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER 
March 1, 
SOILS FOR APPLE VARIETIES. 
(Continued from page 296) 
upright growth and delay its bearing. 
Thus it is said the Spy is one of the 
most exacting of all varieties in its soil 
requirements. Sandy or Baldwin soils 
would produce fruit of high color, but 
lacking in size or quality, while soils 
too wet or too rich would give an un¬ 
desirable color. Thus Prof. Wilder 
calls the best Northern Spy soil “a 
medium loam underlaid by a heavy loam 
or light clay loam; that is, a soil as 
heavy as can be selected without i l- 
curring the danger of inferior drain¬ 
age.” 
THE LATEST ON SPRAY MATERIALS. 
Part I. 
Advice from the Government. —For 
the purpose of making sure of the lat¬ 
est and most reliable information on the 
subject of spraying materials, the lead¬ 
ing officials of the United States Depart¬ 
ment of Agriculture who have these 
matters in charge were visited and the 
facts obtained. 
Bordeaux Mixture.— Mr. W. A. Or¬ 
ton, who is at the head of the work on 
diseases of plants, assured me that Bor¬ 
deaux mixture is yet the best of all 
known preventives for use on garden, 
vegetable and farm crops. The lime- 
sulphur mixture is cheap and effective 
for many fruit tree troubles but has not 
proved effective on vegetables, but on the 
contrary it has injured them to some ex¬ 
tent. The main point that Mr. Orton 
wished to lay stress upon is the thor¬ 
ough application of the Bordeaux mix¬ 
ture. It has been determined beyond 
question that in many cases of failure 
to secure the desired results the cause 
has been the lack of the abundant use 
of the mixture and with high power ap¬ 
paratus that would completely cover the 
plants. This has been clearly demon¬ 
strated within the past year in some of 
the principal canteloupe and cucumber 
growing regions, where there had been 
almost entire loss of crops until the 
spraying had been done in a thorough 
manner. When this had been done 
there was almost no blight and good 
crops were secured. All that was done 
was to use more Bordeaux mixture, 
higher pressure, and in some cases bet¬ 
ter nozzles than before. 
Baldwin Spot. —Dr. M. B. Waite, 
who is in charge of the investigation 
and experiments with fruit diseases, with 
a competent corps of assistants, gave 
me several good points. He said that 
it is now clearly proved that there are 
two distinct causes for what has been 
commonly thought to be and is called 
“Baldwin spot” of apples. One is an 
internal and purely cellular breaking 
down or disturbance of the flesh, which 
has no fungus or other germ from 
which it starts. This is now called 
“bitter pit,” and is. the true “Baldwin 
spot’’ that has long been known in the 
apples of that name and some others, 
especially in warm climates or when the 
weather has been unusually warm. It 
cannot be prevented or cured. 
The other trouble, which is of a sim¬ 
ilar appearance in some respects, is now 
known as fruit spot, and is a true fun¬ 
gus. It begins by the spores lodging ort 
the skin of the apple, where they germi¬ 
nate and finally penetrate into the flesh 
beneath and cause dark, dead spots that 
finally induce rotting of the flesh. This 
can be prevented by spraying with Bor¬ 
deaux mixture late in growing season. 
Lime-Sulphur and Bordeaux.—A 
fact that has been steadily becoming more 
clear is, that it is wise, if not quite nec¬ 
essary, to use both the lime-sulphur and 
Bordeaux mixtures on the apple, pear 
and quince to prevent the diseases to 
which they are subject. There has been 
considerable trouble for several years 
past with Bordeaux mixture injuring the 
skin of these fruits and making rough 
or russet patches that interfere with 
their growth and appearance as well. 
This trouble is confined to the early 
sprayings, but fortunately not to those 
applied late in the growing season, be¬ 
cause they are not injurious then and 
the Bordeaux mixture is needed then to 
check the apple blotch and the scab on 
both apples and pears, and also the leaf 
diseases. During the early part of the 
season, or up to about July 1, the com¬ 
mercial or homemade lime - sulphur 
sprays are the best to use on these 
fruits, because they do not injure the 
young and tender foliage and fruit and 
are effective against the diseases. There¬ 
fore, we should use both of these spray 
mixtures on the apple, pear and quince 
trees the same Summer, but not at the 
same time. 
For the stone fruits, that is, the peach, 
cherry, plum and apricot, the self-boiled 
lime-sulphur is the spray to use, because 
Bordeaux mixture injures them, and 
this form of the lime-sulphur does not, 
and yet it is effective against the dis¬ 
eases of this class of fruit. The main 
difficulty with it is that it does not stick 
well on smooth fruits like the plum and 
cherry, and is soon washed off by rains, 
but on the peach and apricot there is 
no such trouble. The addition of rosin- 
fishoil soap may overcome this difficulty, 
as it has been found to do with Bor¬ 
deaux mixture on grapes, 2 pounds to 
SO gallons being sufficient. 
Black Rot of Grapes.— There is noth¬ 
ing that has yet taken the place of Bor¬ 
deaux mixture for this, and recent ex¬ 
periments have proved that the 3-2-50 
formula, with two pounds of rosin-fish- 
oil soap added to cause it to stick well, 
as has just been already stated, is the 
cheapest and best for grapes of anything 
yet tested. The old formula, six pounds 
lime, one pound of copper sulphate and 
50 gallons of water is really not needed 
if the rosin-fishoil soap is used to cause 
it to adhere. There is plenty of cop¬ 
per sulphate in the milder mixture to 
kill the fungus germs if it can be kept 
on the grapes, and the rosin-fishoil soap 
seems to hold it and is cheap. Several 
other adhesives were added to the Bor¬ 
deaux mixture, but none were so ef¬ 
fective or cheap as the rosin-fishoil soap. 
Plain fishoil soap was not satisfactory, 
but with the rosin combination it was, 
and this new preparation is recommend¬ 
ed for general use. h. e. v. d. 
MAKE MORE MONEY 
Up-to-date farming means spraying. You increase 
the amount of your crop as well as quality. We 
make all kinds of spraying outfits from the smallest 
hand power to the heavy gasoline power. Our 
prices are extremely low. We can give you gasoline 
engines that will run your spray pump, saw your 
wood, pump your \v aterand do all other work. Tell 
us just what you have to do and let us submit the 
right eugine for the work. Tell us size farm you 
have ami get our proposition. 
R. WATERLOO ENGINE WORKS. 137 LIBERTY ST., N. Y. CITY 
There will NEVER be enough num¬ 
ber one apples—ALWAYS too many 
cider apples. Don't waste your time 
and your trees growing inferior grades. 
Use "Scalecide" the one sure spray for 
San Jose scale, and produce number 
one fruit. “Scalecide" is 100ft efficien' 
against scale and has marked fungi- 
yidal projierties. Used by best orchard- 
ists the world over. Endorsed by Ex¬ 
periment Stations. Our SERVICE 
DEPARTMENT furnishes everything 
orchard. Write today to Dept. 
« f or new booklet—"Pratt’s Hand- 
r book for Fruit Growers" and "Scale¬ 
cide the Tree Saver.” Potli free. 
B. G PRATT COMPANY 
50 Church Street New York City 
NO MORE 
RABBITS 
If you want a cheap 
and safe method for 
keeping RABBITS 
and BORERS outof 
your orchard,paint your trees with "Sul- 
focidk” the new concentrated sulphur 
compound. Easy to prepare and apply. 
One application lasts one year. "Sul- 
pociDii”solves the rabbit problem. Write 
today for booklet, “Sulfocide, Sure pro. 
tection from rabbi's and borers.” Ad¬ 
dress B.G. Pratt Co.,;o Church St.,N.Y. 
The Vreeland Chemical Company 
announce that the 
B. G. PRATT COMPANY 
Mfgrs. of ‘’Scalecide” 
50 Church St., New York City 
will henceforth be Sole Distributors for the 
World for their entire line of celebrated 
1TF? 
f^O 
Spray Materials and Insecticides 
including 
"ELECTRO” Dry Powdered Arsenate of Lead, 
"ELECTRO” Paste Arsenate of Lead, guaran¬ 
teed "ELECTRO” Bordo-Load, Pine Tar 
Creosote, Sulphur, Tree Wound Paint, etc. 
brand; 
aterials 
The Final Test of Superiority 
Is In Comparison. 
Are Your Trees “Lion-Branded”? 
“LION BRAND” is your safeguard.—Don’t experiment, use 
Blanchard’s “Lion Brand” 
Insecticides and Fungicides 
They have been the Standard for more years than any other manufacturer in this 
line has been in business. 
“LION BRAND” Arsenate of Lead 
"LION BRAND” Pure Paris Green 
“LION BRAND” Lime-Sulphur Solution 
“LION BRAND” Bordeaux Mixture 
“LION BRAND” Kerosene Emulsion 
“LION BRAND” Whale Oil Soap 
“LION BRAND” Pure Powdered Hellebore 
”LION BRAND” Grafting Wax 
“LION BRAND” Sticky Binding 
“LION BRAND” Weedicide 
"LION BRAND” Powdered Tobacco 
“LION BRAND” Insect Powder 
"LION BRAND” Cattle Content 
and a number of Specialties 
We Make A Spray to Destroy Every Insect Enemy and Fungus 
Disease of Trees, Vines, Shrubs, Plants and Vegetables 
It is impossible for fruit growers and vegetable gardeners to get crops that can 
be profitably sold without using Insecticides and Fungicides, and those who grow 
profitable crops do use them, and know it pays to do so. 
The great thing in a successful fight against insect onemies is to destroy the first 
hatching; of the season. If they get t.lie start your work is so much the harder. You 
cannot afford to take chances on Insecticides you know nothing about— You must have 
“LION BRAND” that are always pure, fresh and certain in results. 
We want every fruit grower; every vegetable grower, every one who has valuable 
shade trees and shrubbery, to have a copy of 
WT OUR FREE SPRAYING BOOKLET 
wherein we explain why and how spraying insures larger crops and better quality. 
Just send your name and address to our nearest office. 
Blanchard’s Products are sold by dealers and agents everywhere, or direct, if your 
dealer cannot supply them. Look for the "LION BRAND” Trade-Mark and take no other 
THE JAMES A. BLANCHARD COMPANY 
556 Hudson Terminal, NEW YORK. 557 Broad St., ST. JOSEPH, MICH. 
Factories: New York and St. Joseph 
Use The Owen Compressed Air 
Spraying System—Save Money 
The Owen system embodies a central plant in which is 
installed au air compressor driven by a gasoline or steam 
engine. Two heavily galvanized, high pressure steel tanks are 
also provided complete with valves, fixtures, etc. The tanks are 
mounted on a suitable platform which can be placed on any 
ordiuary farm wagon. When spraying, one tank is filled with about 
200 lbs. of compressed air and the other with the spraying liquid. 
The tanks are filled at the central station at the same time. 
The Owen Compressed 
Air Spraying System 
provides an even, steady pressure at all times. The spraying mixture is 
kept thoroughly agitated by an air agitator. One man with one set of tanks 
can thoroughly apply 1200 gallons of mixture per day. With two rigs, ono 
man can apply 2000 gallons per day. There is no complicated machinery- 
no pump cylinders coming in contact with the liquid — no engine to bo 
hauled around courting trouble. It’s tho most simple, most satisfac¬ 
tory spraying system ever dovised. 
When not usod for spraying, tho engine can ho used for any 
other purpose and the compressor will furnish air for pneu¬ 
matic water systems, eto. 
Write today for Free Catalog 
W. H. Owen Sprayer Co., Sandusky, Oiiio 
msB 
Save Your Fruit Trees! 
KEEP THE BORERS OUT BY USING 
TJ An f\\\T k \T t ^ 10 ounce of prevention 
ll 1 1 1 1 W A X is worth more than 
u v f T r\lY a pound of cure. It in¬ 
ti, S. Pat. Off.) creases tho value of your 
crop from SIUO.OU to $250.00 per acre. It Is guaranteed 
to keep borers out of peach, plum, apple, pear and 
quince trees. Does not harm the tree, but prolongs 
its life indefinitely, and also gives protection 
against the ravages of rabbits and field mice. 
Costs, to apply (includl ng labor) from $11.00 to $5.00 
per acre, aocordingto size and number of trees, and 
one application every two or three years is sufficient. 
AGENTS WANTED 
We want live agents in every County in every section of the country where fruit 
is grown. No cash required, liberal commissions, exclusive territory. Write for freo 
literature and authoritative’ reports, explaining wiiat tho horer is, how it destroys 
your trees, and how easily it can be exterminated. Agency preferences granted to 
fruit growers who have used, or are now using, Borowax on their own orchards. 
Trunk of tf-yo&r 
killed by borer*. BOROWAX MANUFACTURING CO., Bex 262, Little Silver, N. J. 
When you write advertisers mention The E.N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick 
reply and a “ square deal,” See guarantee editorial page. 
