300 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
March 1, 
CHERRY-PLUM HYB1RD. 
I send you to-day in another inclo¬ 
sure a few plums, apparently an in¬ 
teresting novelty, (see cut page 284) re¬ 
sulting from a cross between a cherry 
and a plum. Before it fully ripens it 
has the stronger flavor of the sweet 
cherry, and when well ripened the flavor 
of the plum is more pronounced. Some 
years ago there grew closely side by 
side an Ox-heart cherry tree and a tree 
supposed to be a Bleeker’s Gage plum; 
both bore fruit for a number of years; 
finally they decayed and died. From 
the spot where one or both the roots 
of these old trees were came a young 
tree, either from the root of one of 
the decayed trees or a seedling. It 
has borne abundance of fruit regularly 
for some years past, such as the sam¬ 
ples I have sent you. They are not at¬ 
tacked by the curculio or black knot, 
and the tree grows to a large size. 
While the cherry and the plum are 
somewhat related, I have had the im¬ 
pression that they could not be crossed 
by budding or grafting, yet here seems 
a distinct hybrid, a result of chance 
growth. JOHN TIERNAN. 
New York. 
There is a possibility that the cherry 
and plum might be crossed through their 
flowers and a hybrid of value produced 
in this way, but it could not be done 
by budding or grafting. The latter are 
only methods of propagating known and 
desirable varieties and not used with 
any attempt at crossing. The pollen of 
a species that is very closely allied to 
another may be, in some rare cases, 
artificially or accidentally transferred 
to the stigmas of that species and be 
potent and produce a true cross that 
we call a hybrid. There are several 
such things in existence, both in nature 
and as the results of artificial means. 
The hickans are wild crosses of the 
hickory and pecan, the latter really 
being only one species of the great 
Hicoria that is called pecan. The 
Loganberry is an example of the arti¬ 
ficial crossing of the blackberry and 
raspberry, and is a very valuable fruit 
on the Pacific coast, where it succeeds 
better than elsewhere. 
H. E. VAN DEMAN. 
HORSE-RADISH CULTURE. 
J. TV., A'eir York .—I have an acre just 
suited for the growth of horse-radish near 
New York City. It seems to me from the 
price we pay for horse-radish in the city 
that it should be a profitable crop on even 
small tracts. What land, of soil is abso¬ 
lutely essential for its growth? How long 
does it take to be ready for marketing? 
What time of the year does it yield its 
highest price? What is the approximate 
number of bushels one can yield from an 
acre by intensive cultivation? Docs it 
require a lot of capital to start on one 
acre? I have all marketing facilities and 
will not have to secure the aid of a com¬ 
mission merchant nor a railroad, as I am 
near big and ready markets. 
Ans. —Horse-radish requires a deep 
rich loam such as is found in the large 
successful market gardens; ordinary 
farm land will not do, even if manured 
heavily for a single season. It may re¬ 
quire three years manuring, 30-40 loads 
to the acre, to bring the land to the 
high state of fertility required for a 
maximum crop of good salable roots. 
In the vicinity of our large eastern 
cities the market gardeners usually grow 
horse-radish as a secondary crop, plant¬ 
ing it between early cabbage, cauliflower 
or beets about May 1. After the ground 
has been well prepared for planting, it 
is laid out in rows one foot apart. A 
one-foot marker is used for the pur¬ 
pose, and if cabbage is planted (which 
always seemed preferable to me on ac¬ 
count of the minimum amount of labor 
required in handling the crop) the rows 
will be two feet apart and the plants 
should be about 18 inches apart in the 
row. This leaves every alternate row 
to be planted to horse-radish and should 
be planted at about the same distance 
apart in the row as the cabbage. It 
requires about 1,200 plants to the acre; 
the sets are made from the small side 
roots of one-fourth to one-half inch in 
thickness and are cut into pieces four 
to five inches long, the top end being 
cut square and the bottom end bevel or 
slanting so the tops may be readily dis¬ 
tinguished from the bottom at time of 
planting. These are tied in bundles of 
50 to 75 and stored away in boxes of 
sand, care being taken that the bundles 
of sets are not too close together, as 
they are liable to heat; they can either 
be buried in the open ground or kept 
in a cool cellar, preferably the open 
ground. The manner of planting is as 
follows: With an iron bar or long 
planting stick make a hole in the ground 
eight or 10 inches deep, into which the 
set is dropped, slanting end down, press 
the soil around it with the foot, com¬ 
pressing the soil to the roots as in or¬ 
dinary planting. The deep planting is 
a distinct advantage when planted with 
early cabbage or other crop, as it de¬ 
lays the starting of top growth for a 
considerable period, and thus prevents 
any serious interference with cultiva¬ 
tion of early crop. If it should threaten 
serious interference the tops may be 
chopped off with the hoe without in¬ 
jury. As the horse-radish makes its 
main growth in the Fall, it may be kept 
in entire subjection until July, when the 
cabbage will all be cleared off, and the 
horse-radish may then be allowed to 
grow at will, when it will quickly cover 
the ground. One good cultivation is 
about all it will need after the cabbage 
is cleared off. The sets may be pur¬ 
chased from any reliable seedman at 
about $4 per 1,000. The maximum yield 
is about five tons to the acre. 
It requires but one season’s growth 
to mature a marketable crop; roots be¬ 
come hard and stringy the second year 
and are unfit for use. Never plant the 
tops or crowns as some advise, as they 
will not produce marketable roots. The 
crop is harvested in December in the 
vicinity of New York. If the market 
is not favorable at time of harvesting, 
the roots may be put away for the 
Winter in the following manner; Se¬ 
lect a piece of ground as dry as possi¬ 
ble. If not naturally dry, provision 
must be made to draw the water off 
lower than the bottom of the pit. The 
pit is dug out three feet or more deep 
and five to six feet wide and of the 
length required, and the roots are then 
packed in, in sections about 2 l / 2 feet 
wide, running crossways of the pit, 
leaving a space about six inches wide 
between each section to be filled in with 
earth, and so on until the pit is filled. 
This plan is of great advantage, as it 
is practically a series of pits instead of 
one continuous pit, and permits of tak¬ 
ing out a section at a time without dis¬ 
turbing the pit as a whole. The roots 
will keep much better by this plan than 
if a large quantity were thrown in the 
pit together. Cover to a depth of 18 
inches to two feet with earth, and round 
the top off so as to shed the water, k. 
When you write advertisers mention Tun 
H. N.-Y. and you'll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal." See guarantee editorial page. 
Are You Doing It? 
Are you giving your trees and plants 
the protection they should have against 
INSECT PESTS AND DISEASE 
thus insuring for them vigorous growth ? 
CPAI IMIP an oil and sulphur com- 
position—three in one, 
a seal icicle, insecticide, and fungicide 
combined, composed of a high grade of 
petroleum, and the properties of the well 
known fungicide, Fungine. Is a most effi¬ 
cient winter spraying material for San 
Jose and other scale. 
As a summer spray for trees, shrubs 
and hardy plants it is an effective remedy 
against green, black and white fly, red 
spider, thrips, wooly aphis, cottony maple 
scale, tulip scale, mealy bug, and all sap 
sucking insects. 
The sulphur contained in Sealine makes 
it an excellent preventive against various 
fungi at all seasons of the year. 
Equally effective, but free of the dis¬ 
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mixing readily with water, containing no 
sediment, it can be applied through finest 
spray nozzle. 
For summer spraying, Sealine is recog¬ 
nized as a marked improvement over the 
old-fashioned kerosene emulsion; more 
effective and more economical. 
White Us For Information 
APHINE MANUFACTURING CO. 
Manufacturers of Agricultural Chemicals 
MADISON, N. J. 
APHINE FUNGINE VERMINE 
INSECTICIDE FUNGICIDE VERMICIDE 
TO KILE 
San Jose Scale 
USE 
Bergenport Brand Sulphur 
The best sulphur for Lime Sulphur Solution. 
Combines easily and quickly with lime. Write to 
T. & S. C. WHITE & CO. 
BERGENPORT SULPHUR WORKS 
100 William Street, New York 
California Scale Destroyer 
The only known remedy to destroy San Jose Scale 
Money refunded if it fails. Get Booklet “Save 
Your Orchards.’’ Free by writing today. 
CALIFORNIA SPRAYING FLUID CO.. North Baltimore. Ohio 
Mangel Wurzel Beets for Sale 
Indispensable in making up a Winter dairy ration 
for best results in economy of feed, increased pro¬ 
duction ami health of animals. $10.00 per ton F.0.B- 
McLENNAN FARM - Fayetteville, N. Y. 
TRUE “FRIENDS” 
Are Your Best Friends 
Yesterday, Today and Forever 
These sturdy machines were made for “ 
N y 
VWVS 
S PAYER S 
are 
Complete Model—Other Styles 
Mr. Edward J. Taylor of Fremont, Mich., writes under date of Janu¬ 
ary 16, 1913: 
If growers could only see the different machines working side by side 
before purchasing, it would not take them long to decide—but there are 
so many silver-tongued agents running around who put up 
such flowery stories that the average man doesn’t know bow 
much trouble he is buying until lie is into the trap. 
I have now run 
my Outfit three sea¬ 
sons and not had the 
least trouble and ex¬ 
pense ; when I start 
out to spray I know 
I am going to accom¬ 
plish something. The 
engine is always ready 
and goes like a clock, 
and I use it in the 
winter for sawing 
wood, grinding feed, 
etc. It certainly is a 
“friend indeed” and 1 
anything begin to equal it for simplicity, efficiency and 
Wishing you every success, I am, 
you.” The most 
progressive and leading fruit growers of your own State 
“ Friend ” users. There’s a reason for it. 
DULVERTON FRUIT FARMS 
Growers and Shippers of FANCY FRUITS 
Queenston, Out.', Nov. 25, 1911. 
“Friend” Mfg. Co., Gasport, N. Y. 
Gentlemen :—We have your quota¬ 
tion of the 23rd. Enclosed you will find our check for one of your new l f J12 
Western sprayers equipped as per your specifications. We are pleased to 
say we have used the “Friend” power sprayer for four seasons and consider it in 
a class by itself for all kinds of orchard work especially in the use of the home 
boiled lime-sulphur mixture. With the machine we now have, 
in the last two seasons, we have put through it over 30,000 
gallons of lime-sulphur Tesides several thousand gallons of 
Bordeaux mixture and 
We have a new barrel pump, 
simple and powerful, all latest 
features, made in two sizes. 
Circular free. 
Motor Pump 
have not seen 
compactness. 
Powerful Hand Pump 
S. A. Love, Supt. Mountain Orchard Farm at Johnstown, Penn., writes: 
December 31, 1912. 
Mr. Hamilton has a ranch in New Mexico and we are glad to state 
that the “Friend” sprayer plays an important part in the success of the 
apple orchards there, where some of the finest apples grown are produced. 
We could ask for nothing better for our use here on Mountain Or¬ 
chard Farm. 
have never had occa¬ 
sion to look at the 
packing of the pump, 
which feature alone is 
worth the price of the 
machine to us. We 
have never had to stop 
• five minutes with the 
machine in the or¬ 
chard. We are order¬ 
ing this new Western model for use in orchards along with the 
one we have. Yours is the simplest machine on the market, 
in our opinion at least, after 8 years’ experience with power 
Outfits, and they have no equal; The fact is, we can not find 
words to express the satisfaction we have had in the use of 
your machines Make shipment as soon as possible. 
Yours very truly, C. E. FISHER & SONS. 
Noth—F eb. 1, 1913.—The Fishers liuve just bought another ({ New Western,” and are more than enthusiastic. 
id 
W. S. Perrine, Pres, of the Horticultural Society of Southern Illinois, 
wrote us December 16, 1912, order¬ 
ing nozzles, etc., incidentally re¬ 
marking “our new Western was 
exceedingly satisfactory.” 
IT MATTERS NOT WHETHER YOU HAVE I OR 1000 ACRES TVS/HTS A YtX/ 
POWER SPRAYERS-HAHDSPRAYERS-NOZZLES,H0SE*~Frmi(GS 
U— SEE THE PRETTr "FRIEND" CAT BEFORE YOU BUT , 
TklENb’MFG.CO.-GASPORTNiAfiARACo., NewYork 
THE OLDEST AND LAMEST FACTORY DEVOTED EXCURSIVELY TO MFG. OF SPRAYTM6 OUTFITS . 
Mr. FRUIT GROWER:—It matters not whether it’s a large power 
sprayer, a sprayer on bed without trucks, an engine and pump, 
or a hand Outfit, that you need—sit right down now and tell me just 
what you have in mind and I will give you special personal attention. 
We can give you more continuous spraying pressure than you can find 
elsewhere. Do you want our “ New Direct Proposition r” 
JOHN C. HULL, Sales Mgr. 
“Friend” Mfg. Co., Gasport, N. Y. 
There’s a SECRET at 
the Arrow Point 
Ttoestndi at Up-Ta- 
Oate Fruit 6rci«r» in 
Mjisg. “FBIEMO NOZ¬ 
ZLES ARE SUPER1DB." 
Whj Is tils ? 
SIMPLY heeeuee <W CRT THEHF- An IMITATION 
Imliraln (hat somewhere there 19 u ORIGINAL. Look 0%: 
the NUZZLK yo-l UM end » J an bad the MAKKIth 
NAMK nod th’ word “1‘ATKNTKD “ The “K1UKND" u 
the ORIGIN At. Lrce Non tie doom netv with the fleeter. 
“FRlt:SI>“ Noinlee here 00 HORNS, no llOOKiL coUtut* U> 
eetrli. ■ . or . Ii< Th«r oneke the Uoee* MIKT-LILLE dprejr. 
diMia.- IwUer to to the Irene Uteo the eiueter. 
;.ie "ANCt E " tprars ■» ender the Ihim and do w e tele the CALYX. 
The “ RECULAR ” In lor ordinary work. State wMcfc •• wealed Sntie- 
tachee yuareeleed or moooj reloaded. Price. 11.00 each. 
-WMkULAK- 
FRIEND” MFG. CO. e 
wt, Niagara County ... Now York 
