330 
THE) RURAb NEW-YORKER 
March 1, 
DISPOSING OF CULL APPLES. 
C. G., yapa. Cal .—Prunes are king in this 
locality, apples are raised very sparingly, 
and little if any effort made commercially, 
but I have demonstrated to the satisfac¬ 
tion of many that apples can be raised here 
successfully and to a very fine quality. 1 
■wish to know what would be the most 
profitable way to work up cull apples, evap¬ 
orate them or to make cider vinegar? llow 
much juice is there in a given quantity 
of apples? IIow much of the finished pro¬ 
duct could be expected from a given quan¬ 
tity, evaporating them? What cider press 
should I get? Is an evaporating outfit very 
costly? In other words, which of the two 
would be the most practical and economi¬ 
cal for a small place of eight acres in 
apples? 
Ans. —It is impossible to advise intel¬ 
ligently how to dispose of the cull apples 
in small orchard located so far away, 
and under circumstances so different and 
probably not fully understood by the 
writer. I certainly should not advise 
anyone in Illinois or in any other apple- 
TRAP-XESTED WHITE WYANDOTTE; 
25 EGGS IN 27 DAYS. 
producing section, to install a cider-mak¬ 
ing plant merely to utilize the apples 
produced on eight acres. Where there 
are other orchards, custom work may be 
done, or apples purchased and worked 
up with those grown on the premises, but 
under ordinary circumstances, with so 
small an orchard, there would be too 
much investment in the plant, which 
means not only a press and grinder, but 
power to run it, a building to shelter 
not only the machinery but also the 
product, and packages for containing and 
storing the product, so that the actual 
cost of the machinery alone is by no 
means nearly all the investment needed. 
Many things should be taken into con¬ 
sideration and fully investigated before 
coming to a conclusion. First, the prob¬ 
able amount of apples to be utilized and 
whether or not there may be some other 
method of disposing of them that will 
not necessitate an investment on the 
part of the grower. Then the probable 
market for the fresh juice or for vine¬ 
gar. Is good vinegar scarce and high, 
or is the local market well supplied? 
The sugar content or the amount of 
saccharine matter in the apples to be 
used is important in determining their 
value for cider and vinegar. Thin 
watery juice will not make vinegar of 
good strength. With us the early Sum¬ 
mer apples are of little value for vine¬ 
gar because of lack of saccharine mat¬ 
ter, and about the only way that the 
cider from them can be used is to mix 
it with the product of late Winter apples. 
The temperature of the section where 
the cider mill is located may be an im¬ 
portant factor in determining the prac¬ 
ticability of a market for sweet cider. 
Cider made in very warm weather will 
ferment almost immediately after mak¬ 
ing. 
It should be remembered that in an 
enterprise of this kind conducted on a 
small scale, the home market is an es¬ 
sential feature. If necessary to put the 
output on the market at wholesale and 
sell to jobbers, the prices realized will 
be down close to the actual cost of pro¬ 
duction. Another matter to be taken 
into consideration is the mechanical ap¬ 
titude of the orchardist, for on this and 
close attention to details may rest the 
success or failure of the enterprise. 
In figuring the cost of a cider mill it 
should be remembered that it is always 
better in cases of this kind to get capac¬ 
ity and power a little greater than is 
thought absolutely necessary rather than 
one of too small capacity. It is usually 
more economical of operation and gives 
a chance to enlarge the business if de¬ 
sired. Another suggestion is that no 
matter how small the business may be, 
hand machinery has no value for mak¬ 
ing cider, except as a family may, in the 
absence of any accessible large mill, wish 
to have a little cider for their own use. 
To make good cider and get anything 
like a fair output it is necessary to grate 
the apples very finely so that all the cells 
are broken and the juice liberated, and to 
do this the grater must be run at high 
speed and this requires considerable 
power. Then as long as the power is at 
hand the press may be run by power 
and the capacity of the plant practically 
doubled. 
The smallest complete power driven 
outfits, comprising grater, press with 
racks, cloths, etc., but not including 
power, range from about $175 to $250 
and on up to $300 and $400. A four or 
five horse-power gasoline engine would 
furnish sufficient power to operate one 
of these small outfits, but increased 
power would be needed for larger ones. 
The yield of cider from a given 
amount of apples will depend largely on 
the machinery used, the fineness with 
which the pomace is ground, the con¬ 
dition of apples and the thoroughness 
with which the pressing is done. The 
ordinary yield in good mills is 7]/i to 
eight gallons of juice to the 100 pounds 
of apples, occasionally some more and 
often less when conditions are not right. 
The amount of finished vinegar which 
may be produced from a given amount 
of cider is a very uncertain quantity, 
but it may be considered a good aver¬ 
age if the shrinkage from the juice as 
it comes from the press, to the actual 
product sold, is not over 25 per cent. 
The moment the cider is made the 
shrinkage begins and while impercepti¬ 
ble much of the time it is always going 
on. You cannot handle cider without 
shrinking, there is more or less leakage 
and the evaporation in making vinegar is 
a large item, and besides there is the 
wastage from settlings and the mother 
in the vinegar, so that calculations 
which do not take a heavy shrinkage 
into account are very faulty. 
As regards the evaporating of apples, 
the probable home market for the output 
is a matter that should receive attention 
before investing in an outfit, the same 
as with a cider-mill. Having had little 
experience in evaporating fruit, I am not 
an authority on the subject, but I under¬ 
stand that it takes good apples to aver¬ 
age eight pounds of the finished product 
to the bushel of the green fruit. My 
impression is that small outfits can be 
had cheaply that would suffice to gain 
experience and test the scheme at a very 
small outlay as compared with the cost 
of a cider mill. Fruit evaporators are 
offered for $25 to $30 which it is claimed 
do good work and are entirely prac¬ 
ticable for small growers. In making 
cider a lower grade of apples can often 
be used than evaporating them, as the 
best grades of evaporated fruit require 
good stock, and the lower grades will 
only make ’’chops,” for which there 
would be no demand locally. 
Inexperienced persons should thor¬ 
oughly investigate local conditions be¬ 
fore taking hold of either method of 
utilizing their low-grade apples, and it 
is possible that they may find a way 
of disposing of them in their natural 
state that will be as profitable as to 
manufacture them into some product. 
There is money to be made in either 
line of manufacture by the right man 
and under the right conditions. To 
get the best trade and command the 
best prices requires the best of goods 
and to produce these requires skill and 
experience and these are a matter of 
time. L. R. BRYANT. 
Illinois. 
Now is the time to paint your roofs—and the 
paint for the job is Sherwin-Williams 
Roof and Bridge Paint 
All through the year in every kind of 
weather a roof needs the protection of a 
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Sherwin-Williams’ Roof and Bridge 
Paint is made for the painting of barns, 
metal and tin roofs, bridges, iron work 
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It is sold by dealers everywhere. Ask 
for color cards. This paint is but one of 
the many Sherwin-Williams Paints and 
Varnishes for protecting and beautify¬ 
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Write for our booklet, 
“Paints and Varnishes for the Farm" 
You will find it well worth your read- 
incr Tt is free. 
Sherwin-Williams 
Paints &Varnishes 
Best dealers everywhere. Address all inquiries to The Sherwin-Williams Co., 635 Canal Rd. .Cleveland, 0. 
Marley 
RUBBER* 
ROOFING 
An inexpensive, durable, asphaltum roofing that defies the most 
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If directions are carefully followed we positively guarantee 10 
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Won’t impart taste to water. Furnished in 3 thicknesses. 
Send for Booklet 
If you don’t know where to buy Marley, write 
C. S. GARRETT & SON Corp. 
22 S. Marshall Street 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 
Heaviest Fence Made 
Heaviest Galvanizing 
We make 160 styles. Horse 
cattle, sheep, hog, anil bull 
proof fences made of No. g 
double galvanized wires 
end absolutely rust proof 
Bargain 1’rlccs: 
13 cents per Rod Bp 
Poultry and Rabbit Proof 
Fences, Lawn Fences and 
Gates. Send for Catalog 
and Free sample for test. 
The flronn Pence & Wire Co 
Dept, so Cleveland, Ohio 
sisiffi 
POULTRY FENCE 
QQICcntsa rod for!8-lnchfence. 
££ 2 Fewer postsand no base board 
or top ral 1 required. Buy from the 
factory direct. Other styles of 
Poultry, Farm and Lawn Fencing. 
Large CatalogFree. Write today 
Box230 Kitselman Bros, Mancie. Ind. 
STRONGEST FENCE MADE 
FROM FACTORY DIRECT TO FARM 
26-inch Hog Fence,_14c. H 
41-inch Farm Fence,...21c. 
48-inch Poultry Fence..2214c. 
80-rod spool Barb Wire, $1.55 
LMany styles and heights. Our large Free Catalog 
contains fence information you should have. 
COILED SPRING FENCE CO. Box 263 Winchester, Ind. 
COOK YOUR FEED and SAVE 
Half the Cost—with the 
PROFIT FARM BOILER 
With Hum ping Caldron. Empties 
its kettle in one minute. The simplest 
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food forstock. Also make Dairy ami 
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D. R. Sperry & Co., Batavia, IU» 
Free Box of Samples 
sent to your station charges prepaid. All 
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Over 70 sizes and styles, for drilling either deep or 
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WILLIAMS BROS.. Ithaca. N. Y. 
YOUR OPPORTUNITY 
is NOW ,n the Province of 
SASKATCHEWAN 
Western Canada 
Do you desire to get a Free 
Homestead of 160 Acres of 
that well known Wheat Land! 
The area is becoming more lim¬ 
ited but no less valuable. 
New Districts have recently 
been opened up for settlement, 
and Into these railroads are now 
being built. The day will soon 
come when there will be no Free Home¬ 
steading: land left. 
A Swift Current, Saskatchewan farmer 
writes:—"T camo here on my homestead. 
March, 1906, with about 61000 worth of 
horses and machinery, and Just 635 In cash. 
Today I have 900 acres of wheat. 300 acres 
of oats, and 60 acres of flax.” Not bad for 
six years, but only an Instance of what 
may be done In Western Canada, In Mani¬ 
toba, Saskatchewan or Alberta. 
Send at once for Literature, Maps. Ball- 
way Kates, etc., to 
J. S. CRAWFORD, 
301 25. Genesee Sftreet, 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
lor Address. Superintendent of Imml gratlon 
Ottawa, Ont., Cuuada 
