&&6 
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER 
March 1 
Sap,—but that's 
fine cement! 
Of course it is. 
it's ATLAS,- 
"The standard by which all 
other makes are measured 9 ’ 
NOW! 
For 
Farm 
Wagon 
Economy 
. Tells 
how to use your old run¬ 
ning gears tor many years; save 
10,000 high lifts ; save repair bills. 
ELECTRIC 
Steel Wheels 
Make hauling 80% to 60% canier; 
don’t rut roads or Helds;can't break 
or dry nyinrt. Send for illustrated 
book of wheels and wagons. 
Electric Wheel Co., 
4gElm St., Quincy, 111. 
Save 
HlRh 
LI Ha 
Ends Drudgery of High Lifting 
Saves 25% of The Draft 
80 Day Test will prove that you can haul 
heavier loads over softest fields with less 
effort if wagons are equipped with low 
EMPIRE STEEL WHEELS 
Write today for catalog and particulars of free trial offer. 
| EMPIRE MFG. CO. Box 664, Quincy. IIL 
s* $10,000 Backs -v 
this portable wood saw. Guaranteed 1 year—money I 
refunded and freight paid both ways if unBatiBfac- I 
tory. You can easily earn $10 a day with a 
HERTZLER & ZOOK 
Portable 
all kinds of neighbors* lum- 
factory prices—save 
Operates easily, 
low—saw draws it on im¬ 
mediately machine starts. Only $10 
saw to which ripping table can be 
added; Write for catalogue. 
HERTZLER & ZOOK CO.. 
Box 3 . Belleville. Pa. j 
As low as $10 
STOP t, ^ at kte * 1 lifting- into your 
high-wheeled farm wagon. 
I OOK up running 
Liwn gear with broken 
wheels and pull it out of the 
weed patch from behind the 
barn. 
I 1STFN to wh at our free 
mjwcx n a.ii catalogue says 
about low-down steel wheels 
for that gear. It will make 
the handiest wagon you ever 
had on your farm. 
Havana Metal Wheel Co. 
Box 17, Havana, 111. 
CAHOON SEED SOWER 
Has the only discharger scientifically constructed to scatter seed evenly in front 
of operator and not against Ills person. Years of use all over the world prove 
this to be the simplest, most accurate and durable broadcast sower made. Sows 
all grain or grass seed. Made entirely of steel. Iron, brass and heavy can¬ 
vas. Wide breastplate makes it the easiest to carry. Needed on every 
farm. Some alfalfa ranches have a dozen. Complete directions in English, 
French, German and Spanish. Sent prepaid in the U. S. for $4.00 if dealer 
will not supply you. Order today, for it is warranted to give satisfaction. 
" Even seeding brings good reaping.” 
GOODELL COMPANY. 14 Main Street. Antrim. N. H. 
Right under the sur¬ 
face of your farm is the best 
kind of fertilizer—Limestone’ 1 
—waiting to be crushed and mixed’ 
with the soil to make it grow bigger, better^ 
paying crops. Your land needs this kind of fertili¬ 
zer. You can crush it at a cost of about 65 cents a toiF 
™. or less if you use a 
Wheeling F Feel d Crusher 
Only 6 H. P. needed to operate it. At spare times you can make" 
it pay for itself several times over by crushing for your neighbors 
and for road making. The Wheeling is made of steel—three times as 
strong as a cast-iron crusher. Much lighter and requires less power. 
Write for Catalogue and Prices 
and get our booklet showing how crops are increased by liming your land. 
It is an eye-opener and every statement a fact. Write today. 
WHEELING MOLD AND FOUNDRY COMPANY 
130 Raymond Street, Wheeling,W. Va. 
“ Human Form” in Ginseng. 
The picture of the “human form” gin¬ 
seng root is sent us by S. W. Call, of 
Call’s Nurseries, Ohio. Note the resem¬ 
blance to the “shape” of a human. This 
THE HUMAN FORM IN GINSENG. 
would bring a high price from China¬ 
men who believe in the supernatural 
qualities of this plant and its roots. It 
is a good specimen of what is called for. 
Chemicals as Fly Killers, 
In regard to the use of kainit or acid phos¬ 
phate to prevent breeding of flies in ma¬ 
nure, is there a cheaper grade of acid 
phosphate than the 14% commercial fertili¬ 
zer, and will this answer, the purpose? 
What is the average quantity necessary 
per head of stock for a season? How 
often is it necessary to apply these and 
quantity of each per application? Would 
these be harmful to chickens or other ani¬ 
mals that might get at the manure? 
Accord, N. Y. i. m. 
It is well known that this plan of 
fighting flic-s is based on the fact that 
fly eggs are laid in horse manure. While 
these eggs are to some extent laid in 
other kinds of manure, that from the 
horse is most common. The chemicals 
act to destroy the fly eggs and also drive 
away the flies. In addition they help 
preserve the ammonia in the manure. 
Equal parts of acid phosphate and kainit 
are used in the mixture. It can be dis¬ 
solved and sprinkled over the manure 
pile, or scattered in the stable hack of the 
horses and in the trenches. About two 
pounds per day for each horse is right. 
The cheaper grades of acid phosphate 
will answer, though if these should con¬ 
tain too much sulphuric acid they might 
injure the horses’ feet. We should scat¬ 
ter the chemicals twice a day. There 
would be little danger from hurting 
smaller farm animals by using this 
quantity of the chemicals. This plan of 
fighting flies at the stable by keeping 
them away from the manure or treating 
it so as to he offensive to them is the 
best way of lessening a great nuisance. 
Commercial Bacteria and Manuring. 
£. B. T\—I have been told that if we 
inoculate beans with the 'commercial bac¬ 
teria and then plant three or four around 
each hill of melons or tomatoes, that these 
beans will act as “fertilizer factories,” ob¬ 
tain nitrogen from the air and feed it to the 
melons or tomatoes so we will not need 
to fertilize them. Is there anything to this? 
Ans. —That is a fair sample of the 
way big foo 1 stories may grow from a 
medium sized fact. The theory of using 
these bacteria is quite simple. The pod¬ 
hearing plants can obtain nitrogen from 
the air. This is obtained for them by 
tiny bacteria which live on their roots in 
little warts or nodules. These bacteria 
may be separated and bred in the labor¬ 
atory and sent in bottles to a farmer just 
as a yeast cake may be sent to a cook. 
The farmer soaks the clover or the 
bean seed in water containing these bac¬ 
teria and the theory is that these living 
bacteria remain on the seed and when 
put into the soil begin their work. It 
is a fact that they do so, and that 
when the conditions are right the plant 
which grows from that seed can thus 
obtain a supply of bacteria from the soil. 
But that is enough without claiming 
more. 
As to planting beans inoculated with 
laboratory bacteria in melon hills or 
about tomato vines with the idea of di¬ 
rectly fertilizing the melons or tomatoes 
with the nitrogen gathered by the tuber¬ 
cles on the legume roots the current sea¬ 
son. it may broadly be said “there is 
nothing in it.” Nitrogen is, of course, 
first fixed in protein form by the symbi¬ 
otic bacilli that produce the root nod¬ 
ules, but it is rarely available until the 
death of the roots and attached nodules, 
and the transformation of the protein 
into nitrates by the ordinary nitrifying 
soil organisms. Plants growing in com¬ 
pany with nitrogen-gathering legumes 
seldom ^et much direct advantage from 
the latter and often seriously suffer from 
competition with them as regards the 
moisture and available food supply in 
the soil. It is only in event of the death 
and decay of the roots and the tubercles 
of the legumes early in the season that 
the melons or tomatoes would receive 
benefit. The chances are that it would 
come too late to be useful. Of course 
crops succeeding the legumes get the 
full benefit of the fixed nitrogen with¬ 
out suffering competition from the living 
plants that stored the element. Alost 
of the stories of noticeable benefit of 
corn from cow-peas planted the same 
season do not bear close investigation. 
The following crop “gets the goods.” 
Club-root in Cabbage. 
A. Z., Connecticut .—Please lot me know 
the cause of the so-called club-root In cab¬ 
bage? 
Ans. —This destructive disease, known 
as club-root, finger-and-toe, and anbury is 
caused by spores present in the soil 
which enter the roots of the host plant. 
Inside the root cells the parasite does not 
form what is termed mycelium, as in 
the case of fungi; it grows into a sticky 
mass of protoplasm that is called a 
plasmodium. Cells containing plasmo- 
dium increase enormously in size, thus 
producing the characteristic swelling of 
club-root, and the parasitic growth, 
which passes from one cell to another, 
absorbing the plant’s substance, finally 
forms myriads of tiny spores, which 
with the decay of the root are set free 
in the soil. For this reason it is dis¬ 
astrous to plant the same crop again 
in infected soil, without preventive 
measures, indeed, rotation of such crops 
is always wise. It has been found that 
an application of lime, 75 bushels to the 
acre, some weeks before planting will 
destroy the germs in the soil. Dr. Hal¬ 
stead of New Jersey is quoted as say¬ 
ing that 35 bushels of lime per acre is 
sufficient to arrest the disease. Soil 
from an infected locality, carried on 
tools, wagon-wheels or even the garden¬ 
er’s boots, may start the disease in an¬ 
other place. It is also asserted that com¬ 
mercial fertilizers containing acids, phos¬ 
phates and sulphates, favor the spread 
of the disease. The disease affects tur¬ 
nips and radishes as well as cabbages, 
and also weeds of the same family, such 
as charlock and shepherd’s purse. As 
preventive means destroy such weeds, 
burn any infected plants, practice rota¬ 
tion of crops, and use lime on suspected 
land. 
Whitewash that Sticks. 
Could any of your readers give a formula 
for making a whitewash that will stiek 
to the bark of young trees, and which is 
about one-seventh lime-sulphur"? I painted 
over a thousand trees late in the Fall with 
the above mixture with salt added, as a 
preventive for mice and rabbits, hut the 
rain has washed most of it off and It soon 
chipped off the bark of the smooth young 
four-year-olds. This is so quickly applied 
that 1 would like to try it again. h. 
Stratbam, N. IT. 
A small quantity of melted glue mixed 
With the whitewash while hot will make 
it stick. 
Green Lice on Vegetables. 
1 am having much trouble with raising 
peas, cucumbers, and turnips. Small green 
lice go under the leaves and at last the 
whole stalks or plants become yellow and 
die down. I have used arsenate of lead 
to spray them, hut it docs not help. Will 
you tell me what to do for them? 
E. Moline, 111. a. J. H. 
This is a good illustration of the need 
of remembering the difference between bit¬ 
ing and sucking insects. The former—like 
the potato beetle, eat the leaves and thus 
a poisonous spray will kill them. l’lant 
lice do not eat the leaf, but suck out the 
Juices, so that poison sprays will not de¬ 
stroy them. They must lie killed “by con¬ 
tact.” using something that will kill them 
h.v its touch. Thus the spray for the plant 
lice would be kerosene emulsion or whale- 
oil soap. 
