1913. 
THE RURAL, NEW-YORKER 
847 
THE LATEST ON SPRAY MATERIALS. 
Part II. 
Apple Blotch. —As this is very bad 
over a large part of the region from 
southern Iowa to the Ozark country in 
Arkansas and the bitter rot in some 
degree there and eastward to Virginia, 
especially on Newtown and Grimes ap¬ 
ples, experiments for their control have 
been continued with vigor, and it is. 
found that the Bordeaux mixture is still 
the best remedy. As these troubles need 
late spraying it can be safely used then 
without the “burning” effects, as has 
already been stated. 
Bordeaux Wisdom.— Another new 
fact has been well demonstrated in the 
making of Bordeaux mixture. It has 
been and is yet the proper thing under 
most circumstances to have elevated 
tanks in which to fully dilute the lime 
and copper sulphate separately, and mix 
them by having them flow by gravity 
at the same time into the tank of the 
sprayer just before going to the orchard 
to do the spraying. But it has been 
learned that by vigorous agitation while 
adding one to the other the needed 
water for dilution may be pumped from 
a stream, pond or spring while one of 
the ingredients is being added in con¬ 
centrated form. This may be in some 
cJses very convenient and save elevat¬ 
ing all the water needed at a central 
plant made for the purpose. But it is 
necessary to have a power outfit to make 
the agitation sufficiently vigorous, and 
as such machines or engines are 
getting into common use for spray¬ 
ing it is often practicable to use them 
for the pumping and agitation as indi¬ 
cated. In a recent bulletin the follow¬ 
ing is stated on this point: “This meth¬ 
od of mixing is not designed to replace 
the old gravity method with its elevated 
platform, but offers a convenient sub¬ 
stitute where for any reason the gravity 
method is impracticable.” The bulletin 
alluded to is No. 265 of the Bureau of 
Plant Industry of the U. S. Department 
of Agriculture at Washington, D. C., and 
may be had by applying for it. It was 
written by Lon A. Hawkins and treats 
of the experiments with adhesives for 
Bordeaux mixture as well as of the 
new idea about mixing Bordeaux by 
agitation. It would be a serviceable 
pamphlet to many fruit growers. 
Lime-Sulphur as Poison. —Another 
very interesting and useful publication 
of very recent issue is by Scott and 
Seigler, of the Bureau of Entomology, 
U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bulle¬ 
tin No. 116, part 4. It treats of “Lime- 
sulphur as a Stomach Poison for In¬ 
sects,” which is a new fact that has 
been gradually coming forward for 
some time past. It has been noticed 
that the litne-sulphur mixture, which 
was originally intended as a sort of plas¬ 
ter to kill scale insects by smother- 
in them, had fungicidal properties as 
well, and it is now one of the very ef¬ 
ficient and commonly used preparation? 
for the stone fruit diseases in particu¬ 
lar. To this was added arsenate of lead 
as an insecticide, that the two enemies, 
fungi and insects, might be fought with 
a single spraying. This worked well, 
and it is now a very common practice to 
mix the two remedies and use a single 
gun with a double shot, as it were. And 
as the experiments progressed it was 
found that when no arsenate of lead 
was used that insects were killed by eat¬ 
ing the lime-sulphur alone. The con¬ 
clusion was that it must be a stomach 
poison, and recent carefully conducted 
experiments have proved it to be true 
beyond doubt. It is almost as effective 
as arsenate of lead on the Fall web- 
worm, although a little slower in its 
action. Various strengths and many 
combinations of the lime-sulphur and 
arsenate of lead were tested, and the 
results are given in detail in the bulletin 
mentioned last. Mixtures as low as one- 
half pound each of only one of these 
materials and of the same amounts to¬ 
gether and up to five pounds to 50 gal¬ 
lons of water were used. All of them 
were effective and with remarkably lit¬ 
tle difference as to fatality and time of 
execution. It was found that 
pounds of the concentrated lime-sulphur> 
solution, either of the commercial or 
homemade kinds, to 50 gallons of water 
was sufficiently strong to kill the Fall 
web-worm and pear slug within about a 
week, and this was not excelled to any 
great degree by arsenate of lead at the 
same strength or even up to the stand¬ 
ard as it is usually used, or two pounds 
to 50 gallons of water. Indeed, the very 
weak solutions were remarkably effec¬ 
tive, down to one-quarter pound of litne- 
sulphur and one-half pound arsenate of 
lead, used separately and alone. It seems 
to be quite conclusive that it is not neces¬ 
sary to use so much of either of these 
poisons to kill insect larvae as is the com¬ 
mon practice, for one pound of the arse¬ 
nate of lead killed as quickly as did 
two pounds, and one-half pound was 
nearly as quick in its operation. Even 
one-quarter pound of lime-sulphur in 
50 gallons of water did the killing with¬ 
in 10 days. All the difference seemed to. 
be that it required a longer time for the 
larvae to eat their death dose of the poi¬ 
son on the leaves where the weaker so¬ 
lution was used. From a practical stand¬ 
point we want to kill them as soon as 
possible to stop their ravages and save 
the foliage. Therefore it is well to use 
enough to kill them as soon as possible 
and no more. Any excess of the poison 
is simply thrown away. 
The self-boiled lime-sulphur solution 
was not effective as a poison, from the 
tests made. 
Experiments with the Codling moth 
larvae on apple trees were made, but ow¬ 
ing to their lateness last Summer they 
were not conclusive. However, there is 
considerable hope that the lime-sulphur 
solution will be effective against that 
enemy. 
Some laboratory experiments were 
made to determine the sticking qualities 
of the lime-sulphur and arsenate of lead 
in comparison. Twigs with foliage on 
them were sprayed, and then washed 
with water after the fashion of rain for 
different periods and tested by having 
larvae of the Fall web-worm feed on 
them. The result was that they had 
about equal adhesiveness, which is a 
fact well worth knowing. 
The tests of the dry materials that are 
now being pushed by some manufactur¬ 
ers to save the transportation of the 
heavier ones that contain water, have 
not been conducted long enough to 
prove their efficiency or the reverse. It 
is decidedly desirable to save all the 
freight possible, and it may be that it 
is practicable to have the mixtures made 
up and sent out in dried forms. And it 
is the opinion of the Government offi¬ 
cials that the patented or proprietary 
materials as they are sold are usually 
as effective as the same type of materi¬ 
als made up on the farms. In some 
cases they are more so, because of the 
lack of thorough understanding of the 
way to make them or carelessness iq 
their preparation. h. e. van deman. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
CLEAR HEADED. 
Head Bookkeeper Must Be Reliable. 
The chief bookkeeper in a large busi¬ 
ness house in one of our great Western 
cities speaks of the harm coffee did for 
him. (Tea is just as injurious because 
it contains caffeine, the same drug found 
in coffee.) 
“My wife and I drank our first cup of 
Postum a little over two years ago 
and we have used it ever since, to the 
entire exclusion of tea and coffee. It 
happened in this way: 
“About three and a half years ago I 
had an attack of pneumonia, which left 
a memento in the shape of dyspepsia, or 
rather, to speak more correctly, neural¬ 
gia of the stomach. My ‘cup of cheer’ 
had always been coffee or tea, but I be¬ 
came convinced, after a time, that they 
aggravated my stomach trouble. I hap¬ 
pened to mention the matter to my 
grocer one day and he suggested that I 
give Postum a trial. 
“Next day it came, but the cook nipde 
the mistake of not boiling it sufficiently, 
and we did not like it much. This was, 
however, soon remedied, and now we 
like it so much that we will never 
change back. Postum, being a food 
beverage instead of a drug, has been 
the means of banishing my stomach 
trouble, I verily believe, for I am a well 
man today and have used no medicine. 
“My work as chief bookkeeper in our 
Co.’s branch house here is of a very con¬ 
fining nature. During my coffee-drink¬ 
ing days I was subject to nervousness 
and ‘the blues.’ These have left me 
since I began using Postum, and I can 
conscientiously recommend it to those 
whose work confines them to long hours 
of severe mental exertion.” Name given 
by Postum Co., Battle Creek, Mich. 
“There’s a reason,” and it is explained 
in the little book, “The Road to Well- 
ville,” in pkgs. 
Ever read the above letter ? A new one 
appears from time to time. They are genu¬ 
ine, true and full of human interest. 
Cooking Fuel and Illuminating Gas 
Made at Home with a 
Little Machine 
Like This 
A T 
BOUT once a month this 
machine must be refilled 
with gas-producing stone 
and wound up like a clock. 
"When obediently it stands idle 
until you start to cook or 
turn on the lights. 
Then, with no atten¬ 
tion whatever, it gets 
busy and makes gas au¬ 
tomatically—just enough 
to keep your stove and 
your lights going. 
The stone, known com¬ 
mercially as “UNION 
CARBIDE,’’ gives up its 
gas when the machine 
drops a few lumps into 
plain water—a little at a 
time as the gas is wanted. 
The gas is genuine 
Acetylene. Burned in 
handsome chandeliers it gives a flood 
of brilliant pure white light. 
Burned in the kitchen range, it 
makes a hot blue fire that can be 
instantly turned up or down, on 
or off. 
For both cooking and lighting it is 
used exactly as city gas is used by 
over twenty million city people. 
As a fuel, it flows right into your 
stove without handling and burns 
without soot or ashes. 
As a light, its white, sunlike beauty 
is unrivaled. Reflected from hand¬ 
some globes suspended from brass or 
bronze chandeliers, it supplies the up- 
to-date city-like appearance of refine¬ 
ment and elegance which the average 
country home lacks. 
Moreover, it is not poisonous to 
breathe, and the flame is so stiff the 
wind can’t blow it out. 
* * * 
The UNION CARBIDE you dump 
in the machine once a month won’t 
burn and can’t explode. 
In a nutshell, one of these gas ma¬ 
chines installed in the cellar or an 
outbuilding of a country home solves 
the lighting and coolcing problems 
for all time. 
And they are so easy to install 
in any home without injuring 
walls or carpets that there are 
now over 200,000 Acety¬ 
lene Gas Machines in 
actual use. 
We manufacture and 
our agents arrange for 
installing thousands of 
*i L them every month in all 
parts of the world. 
There are, of course, 
many crude imitations of 
our machine on the mar¬ 
ket, but the genuine is 
easily distinguished by 
its name and our trade¬ 
mark 
44 Pilot” 
Acetylene 
Generators 
On the first return mail we will 
send you free literature telling how 
Cornell University has been grow¬ 
ing plants by our light — why ocu¬ 
lists recommend it for eye-strain — 
why the Insurance Engineers pro¬ 
nounced it much safer than kerosene 
— how the lights can be placed in 
barns and outbuildings — how they 
can be equipped to light up without 
matches — and how the gas range 
shortens kitchen hours and makes 
cooking a pleasure. 
With these booklets telling all this 
wonder story, we will send figures 
showing how little a “PILOT’’ 
lighting and cooking equipment will 
cost in your case. 
Just write us how many rooms 
and buildings you have to light and 
where you are located. Address 
THE OXWELD ACETYLENE 
CO - 3604 JASPER PLACE, 
CHICAGO, ILL. 
GALVANIZED 
GRIFFIN LUMBER CO., SJ,"" ‘" c ‘ AVE - 
ROOFING 
*3.59 perSq. 
Ool. your station 
HUDSON FALLS, N. Y. 
Our absolutely square 
$30.00 to *07.50 weekly 
salary ami 30$ com¬ 
mit* si on proposition 
assures » t e a d y work¬ 
ers unfailing success. 
WM. R. PETTICREW, Manager, Box 309Y, Waterloo, Iowa 
AGENTS 
The Man Who Shoes 
Your Horse Must 
Know His Business 
Are you sure about the 
men who make your rubber 
footwear? There is one sure 
way to get the best rubber 
_ boots and arctics. Let 
the maker’s name be your guide. 
Buy ‘ ‘Ball-Band” Rubbej^ 
Footwear. 
Hi||IU.HUIHUI»'»" 
Over eleht million men 
buy “Ball-Band" Goods every year 
and over 45,000 dealers sell them. Look for the 
Red Ball—the "Ball-Band” trade mark— and write us if your dealer cannot supply you tn 
“Ball-Band” Boots. We will see that you are fitted. Write for Free Illuutrated Booklet. 
MISHAWAKA WOOLEN MFQ. CO, 333 WATER ST., MISHAWAKA, IND. 
“ The House That Pays Millions for Quality ‘ 
