362 
'TPIE} HURA1, NEW-YORKEH 
March 8, 
FEEDING PROBLEMS. 
Oats for Fodder. 
Will you give your opinion of feeding 
oats, cut green and cured for feed, to 
milch cows ? n. D. b. 
Warren, O. 
This makes a good fodder for all stock. 
A better way is to sow Canada field peas 
with the oats and let them grow up to¬ 
gether. The usual plan is to sow a bushel 
of peas for one acre on top- of the ground, 
and work them with a small plow or a disk 
harrow. Then seed three bushels of oats 
on the rough furrows and harrow them in. 
The two crops come up and grow together. 
They are cut when the peas are forming in 
the pod. The pea vines are held up by the 
oats, and unless the soil is too rich or the 
crop is beaten down by storms it can be 
cut and cured like clover. When curing 
it is better to keep the crop in the swath 
or cock. Hay from this crop fs excellent 
in quality and a good substitute for clover. 
Cows on Small Farm. 
Can you tell me if I can keep five or 
six cows on a small farm, 16 acres under 
plow and very little pasture? I had thought 
of keeping them up most of time and hav¬ 
ing them fresh in September; have small 
silo. Farm is fairly good producer. What 
other crops besides silage would I have to 
raise? Can this be done at a profit, milk 
selling from 75 cents in Summer to $1.56 
in Winter? w. c. 
Pennsylvania. 
There should be no difficulty whatever 
in keeping five or six cows on the 16 acres 
of plow land. Just what to raise will be 
best determined by the man on the spot 
who knows better than anybody else the 
adaptability of the soil to different crops. 
However five or six cows alone will not 
furnish a very satisfactory income. Let 
me make these suggestions for the 16- 
acre farm. Suppose we take 12 acres for 
the dairy, and rotate it as follows : Three 
acres of corn for the silo; three acres of 
Soy beans for the silo; three acres of oats 
cut for hay; three acres of clover. Rye 
can be sown in the corn stubble after the 
crop is harvested and a good amount of 
nutritious rye hay made before planting 
beans the following year. This, with aver¬ 
age crops, should provide the rough feed 
for six cows and a team for a year. It will 
be necessary to purchase concentrates to 
supplement and balance the ration. The 
daily ration per cow then will be some¬ 
what as follows: 
Carbohydrates 
matter 
Protein 
fat) 
50 lbs. corn and 
soy bean silage.. 11.22 
.760 
6.47 
4 
lbs. out or rye 
bay . 3.64 
.172 
1.99 
G lbs. clover bay .. 5.08 
.408 
2.37 
4 
lbs. corn meal.. 3.56 
.316 
3.05 
2 
lbs. oil meal.... 11.84 
.586 
.97 
2 
lbs. gluten feed. 1.80 
.464 
1.40 
27.14 
2.706 
16.25 
This is about the right amount of dry- 
matter for a large cow giving a heavy 
flow of milk and the nutritive ratio is 
1 to 6. Now we still have four acres of 
the farm which we can devote to potatoes, 
small fruits and truck, the possibilities 
of which are almost unlimited. There is 
money in potatoes, strawberries, red rasp¬ 
berries, peaches, onions, celery, melons; 
all kinds of truck are bringing growers on 
suitable land hundreds of dollars per acre. 
We have not appreciated the possibilities of 
the small farm. The owner can know every 
foot of it and can fit it by drainage and 
fertilization for intensive culture and often 
realize a larger net profit than he could 
from several times the number of acres. 
F. L. ALLEN. 
Herd Rations. 
Will you suggest rations for heifers that 
may freshen late in the Spring? All grains 
are as cheap here as almost any place. I 
am feeding now two pounds each morning 
and night (four pounds per day), of a 
mixture of 45 pounds ground oats, 45 
pounds wheat bran and 10 pounds old 
process linseed meal. In addition they get 
good bright oat straw three times per day, 
and at night about one-half bushel corn 
and I would like to work these in, and if 
advisable reduce the grain. With our milch 
cows we feed a little more than one-half 
bushel of the silage both night and morn¬ 
ing, with a grain ration consisting of equal 
parts of hominy chop, wheat bran and 
gluten. For roughage they have oats and 
peas cut and cured as hay, three times per 
day. I would like also to feed mangels to 
these cows. Then as I dry the cows previ¬ 
ous to freshening, what ration would you 
advise using the silage, mangels, oats and 
peas or hay and such grains as is best? 
The cows are mostly • Holstein grades, 
medium size. I would like rations as fol¬ 
lows for milch "cows; dry cows; heifers 
two and three years old, expected to 
freshen. We have a registered Holstein 
yearling bull, I wish to push his growth. 
From the food mentioned what is best to 
put him in condition for service, not earlier 
than June? m. B. H. 
New York. 
I could hardly suggest a better grain 
ration than the one you are feeding your 
heifers. Oats, bran and oil meal contain 
just the elements that growing animals 
require. Oat straw is not the very best 
roughage, but when in good condition and 
supplemented by sufficient nourishment in 
the form of concentrates, answers very 
well. In the case of cows giving milk, or 
horses doing heavy work, straw is not 
desirable, because we wish to provide all 
the nourishment the animal can assimilate. 
The mangels will make an excellent addi¬ 
tion to the rations of all the cattle. By 
beginning gradually they may be fed in 
any quantity. However, it will probably be 
more profitable to feed the greater quantity 
to the milch cows. In the case of the 
milch cows it will be well to feed im¬ 
mediately after milking, otherwise a disa¬ 
greeable flavor might be imparted to the 
milk. The cows will eat the mangels better 
if they are sliced. A root cutter is the 
handiest apparatus for doing this, but a 
sharp shovel does very well. It will not 
be advisable to reduce the amount of grain 
for these heifers while feeding straw. 
The rations for the dry cows will not 
vary greatly from those fed to the heifers. 
If possible, give oats and pea hay for 
roughage instead of straw, though they will 
do very well on straw, if fed sufficient 
grain. It must be borne in mind that the 
dry cow is nourishing a growing calf, and 
needs food for this, as well as for her own 
bodily needs. During the period when a 
cow is dry she should be accumulating a 
reserve of strength for the period of milk 
production, and this is accomplished by 
nourishing food, and a reasonable amount 
of exercise. A grain ration which is quite 
bulky, and enough succulent feed to keep 
the cow’s bowels moderately free is better 
than medicines for the prevention of 
troubles at calving time. 
The ration you are giving the milch 
cows is rather wider than the standard; 
that Is, contains a larger proportion- of 
carbohydrates. I would suggest equal parts 
of hominy chop, •distillers’ dried grains and 
cotton seed, to be fed at the rate of one 
pound for three or four pounds of milk. 
I consider it better that one of the in¬ 
gredients of the grain mixture be light 
and bulky, as distillers” dried grains, 
bx-ewers’ dried grains or bran. However, 
heavy feeds like cornmeal or cotton-seed 
meal may be mixed with silage without any 
bad l-esults. 
The same grain i-ation you are giving 
the heifers will be best for the bull, only 
feed something more nutritious than straw 
for roughage. Five pounds of grain, with 
oats and peas hay and silage should pro¬ 
mote a good growth, and of course he 
should have exercise daily. c. l. m. 
Feed for Ayrshire Cow. 
Will you advise how to feed an Ayrshire 
cow that weights about 700 pounds 
and gives five quarts of very rich 
milk a day. She had her last calf March, 
3911, and calves in June, 1913. I have to 
buy all my grain, and I feed her at 
present five quarts bran, three quarts stock 
feed, one quart cotton-seed meal per day 
with 18 pounds of hay. Is it better to 
wet the grain or not? I thought of buying 
beet pulp to put with this. a. w. 
Maine. 
I think your grain ration a very good 
one, for the present. There would be no 
particular advantage in wetting the grain. 
A pound of beet pulp, soaked in water and 
added to the other grain would undoubtedly 
be a good thing. It would probably be 
advisable that this cow should go dry 
for about two months before freshening. 
While dry, a daily feed of one pound beet 
pulp (soaked), one pound wheat bran and 
one-fourth pound of oil meal, with hay, 
will be sufficient. At any rate, do not 
feed any cotton-seed meal, or feeds con¬ 
taining it, for at least six weeks before 
she freshens, nor for two weeks after. 
Then change from the above mixture to the 
following: Beet pulp, two pounds ; cotton¬ 
seed meal, three pounds ; bran, two pounds ; 
cornmeal, one pound. If you have pasture 
omit the beet pulp and if your cow gives 
sufficient milk to warrant it, increase the 
grain ration. c. L. M. 
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