380 
THE RLJ RAI> NEW-YORKER 
March 15, 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[ Every query must be accompanied by the 
name and address of the ■writer to insure 
attention. Before ashing z. question, please see 
whether it is not answered in our advertising 
columns. Ask only a few questions at one time. 
Put questions on a separate piece of paper.) 
Grafting Apple Trees. 
C. F. H., Weaverville, N. C. —1. I wish to 
grow a few thousand extra desirable apple 
trees for my own and neighbor's planting 
and use grafts from selected bearing trees 
on my own place, of the following varieties : 
Kinnard, Camack, Stayman, Virginia Beauty 
and Grimes. The “Winter John” apple 
grows here like a forest tree, but its fruit 
is almost worthless. The Camack and Lim- 
bertwig are also hardy, vigorous trees that 
thrive in spite of neglect and even abuse. 
Does the variety of the stock make much 
difference in the future grafted tree? Is 
there any advantage in grafting each vari¬ 
ety on a stock of the same variety? 2. 
What varieties of Persian walnuts can you 
recommend as profitable trees to plant on 
the Asheville plateau in Western North 
Carolina? At what age should grafted 
Persian walnuts bear? What is the best 
stock to use for this part of country? 
Ans. — 1- The vigor of the stock or 
roots on which trees are grown certainly 
does have considerable influence on 
them, especially if the grafts are not 
set so low that they take root above * 1 
the place of union. Ail weakly seedling 
stocks should be rejected, whether they 
are to be grafted or budded onto. I 
do not think it is necessary or beneficial 
to use seedlings of the same variety of 
apple that is to be worked on them, but 
any strong, vigorous and healthy seed¬ 
ling is good enough for any variety 
of scion. 
2. It is not yet known from experi¬ 
ence which varieties of the Persian wal¬ 
nut will or will not succeed in the 
mountain section of North Carolina or 
elsewhere in many of the Eastern States 
but that there are varieties hardy 
enough to withstand the climate of the 
Asheville Plateau is quite certain. There 
are trees growing in New York, Penn¬ 
sylvania, New Jersey and on southward 
that are entirely hardy and bear good 
nuts. Most of these are chance seed¬ 
lings, but some of them have been given 
varietal names and are being propagated 
by budding and grafting. The stock 
most in use is the common wild “Black” 
walnut and it is excellent. It is prob¬ 
able that the butternut or “white” wal¬ 
nut will make a good stock and this 
will soon be tested sufficiently for a 
public statment of the result. As yet 
very few trees of the Persian walnut 
are offered for sale by the nurseries, ex¬ 
cept as seedlings, but this will change 
soon, for several skilled propagators are 
at work on this problem. The seedlings 
of hardy type are well worth planting 
if grown by reliable people. 
H. E. VAN DEMAN. 
Cherry Scions; Propagating Climbing Roses. 
J. S. A., Canaan, Conn. —I would like to 
know fiow early in the Spring cherry scions 
should be cut. and when they should be 
inserted. 2. What is the best way to 
root cuttings of hardy climbing roses at 
this season of the year? I can give them 
bottom heat if necessary. 
Ans. —Cherry scions should be cut in 
Winter when entirely dormant, and 
stored in an icehouse or cool cellar. 
Cherry trees are usually grafted very 
early in Spring, and the chief necessity 
is that the scions must be completely 
dormant. 
2. Most of the climbing roses, like the 
Hybrid Remontants, are readily propa¬ 
gated by ripe-wood cuttings placed in 
a cool greenhouse in Autumn, or in 
protected frames in the open ground. 
They are also propagated by green 
cuttings taken from plants in the open 
air, or from plants forced under glass 
in March or early April. Short, spur¬ 
like shoots, taken with a heel, and set 
in clear sand with bottom heat, root 
very readily at this season, but you must 
have plants making growth under glass 
to secure such cuttings. Our own cus¬ 
tom is to make cutting of mature grow¬ 
ing wood—usually shoots that have 
flowered—immediately after blooming. 
We put a cutting six inches long, in¬ 
serted half its length, in the open 
ground in some rather sheltered place, 
and cover with a cracked preserve jar, 
or put several under a bell-glass, and 
leave it till the next season; they al¬ 
ways root well, and give robust plants. 
Layers in the Spring, or root-cuttings in 
the Fall, are also excellent methods of 
propagation. 
Tomato and Cabbage “Damping Off.” 
F. E. R., PhiUipsburg, N. J .-—I have 
started tomato and cabbage plants in boxes 
in the house, and when the plants get 
about an inch high above the ground they 
all die off. I have noticed the same thing 
in a greenhouse but the florist did not know 
what caused it. 
Ans.— Your plants were no doubt lost 
by damping off at the surface of the 
ground, when seeds are started in the 
house. This damping off is usually the 
result of too much water, lack of prop¬ 
er terhperature and air and light. The 
soil frequently is altogether unsuitable, 
being heavy and retentive of moisture 
to a dangerous degree. Soil for suc¬ 
cessful plant production from seed 
should be a rich porous loam; if not 
naturally porous, sand should be added 
in sufficient quantity to make it so. The 
boxes should not be over three inches 
deep, with one or more half-inch auger 
holes (according to the size of the box) 
in the bottom for drainage. After the 
seed is sown the soil should be well 
soaked, and the box placed in a sunny 
window in a room with a day tempera¬ 
ture of 60 to 70 degrees and night tem¬ 
perature of 10 to 15 degrees lower. Do 
not give more water until the surface 
of the soil looks dry, and then only 
enough to moisten it. After the plants 
come up, care must be taken not to 
over-water at any time, as excess of 
moisture is almost sure to result in the 
plants damping off. Many people have 
the erroneous idea that plants must be 
watered regularly every day, whether the 
condition of the soil indicates the need of 
it or not. Judgment must be used when 
to water and when not to water. Ex¬ 
perience alone is the only reliable 
teacher, and unless one is not willing to 
study the nature and requirements of 
the different plants, success is ne"er as¬ 
sured. I give below a few don’ts which 
will be a help to the inexperienced in 
the handling of young plants. 
Don’t water until the surface of the I 
soil is dry, and then give only enough i 
to moisten the soil. 
Don’t water on a dull, cloudy day, ' 
unless the plants show unmistakable 
signs of suffering from drought. 
Don’t fail to give plenty of fresh air 
on mild days. 
Don’t coddle your plants, let growth 
be slow and well hardened. 
Stir the soil among them as frequently 
as possible; they like it, and will show 
their appreciation of your care by extra 
fine growth. 
If after observing every reasonable 
precaution to prevent it and your plants 
begin to damp off withhold water en¬ 
tirely, until you can get them pricked off 
into other boxes in rows two inches 
apart and one and one-half inches apart 
in this row; this will check the trouble 
almost at once. K- 
Peach Troubles. 
Is there any spray that can be used now 
to prevent peach leaf and blossom blight, 
as mine blighted badly last Spring while 
In bloom? Most of the blight was on 
small fruit spurs near large limbs. 
Federalsburg, Md. i. n. w. 
From the brief statements in your letter. 
It is difficult to be certain whether your 
trees suffered from an attack of peach leaf- 
curl or from brown rot, but it is probably 
a case of the latter. Peach leaf-curl is 
a fungus disease, which causes the leaves 
of peach trees to become very much thick¬ 
ened and curled soon after they begin to 
develop in the early Spring. These curled 
leaves later turn brown and fall from the 
trees, and in case of a severe attack, 
practically all of the foliage may fall from 
the trees, and most of the fruit which 
may have set. However, if the blossoms, 
upon your peach trees blighted and exuda¬ 
tion of gum occurred at the base of some 
of them, you undoubtedly had a case of 
brown rot'injury. This is a fungus disease 
which attacks the fruit of the plum, peach, 
■cherry and other stone fruits, and under 
certain weather conditions it may even 
kill the blooms of the peach and some of 
the twigs. The fruit of some varieties, 
such as Triumph, often decay badly each 
year, and some blighting of twigs is al¬ 
most certain to occur even when Summer 
spraying is practiced. Such varieties 
should never be planted. Where peach 
trees receive thorough Summer spraying 
with self-boiled lime sulphur you should 
have practically no trouble from blighted 
blossoms and twigs upon good standard 
varieties. 
To prevent trouble of this kind, in the 
future, I would suggest that you make the 
following applications of sprays: First, 
concentrated lime-sulphur, properly diluted, 
to be applied before the buds start in 
early Spring to control the scale and peach 
leaf-curl and also to check the develop¬ 
ment of the rot. A second spraying just 
as the calyx is being shed from the fruits, 
consisting of self-boiled lime sulphur and 
arsenate of lead and a third spraying con¬ 
sisting of self-boiled lime-sulphur only ap¬ 
plied three weeks after the second, and 
for all varieties ripening later than Car¬ 
man, a fourth spraying of self-boiled lime 
only to be applied three weeks after the 
third spraying. If these mixtures are 
properly applied, at the time stated, you 
should be able to thoroughly control the 
brown rot, at all seasons of the year, un¬ 
less you have very susceptible varieties, 
such as Triumph. m. a. blake. 
New Jersey Station. 
W!' 
Fruit Trees 
On Short Notice. 
Our big, new packing build¬ 
ing enables us to fill orders 
this Spring on short notice We guaran¬ 
tee prompt delivery. We also guarantee 
1 that you cannot get more healthy hardy 
i or productive trees than we send you 
Thirty years in business makes this 
guarantee worth something. 
“How to Plant Troos and 
Plants ” tea hook that will save 
treesand dollars for every fruit¬ 
grower. It's given with every 
order placed in March or April. 
Write today for free Catalog 
flJid Special offer. 
BARNfS BROS. NURSERY CO.. 
Box 8, Yalesville, Conn. 
“BLACK’S QUALITY” 
FRUIT TREES 
NONE BETTER 
None Give Better Returns when They Fruit 
Send for our list that we can ship by 
Parcel Post 
which delivers to your door. 
PEACH and APPLE TREES 
a specialty. CATALOGUE FREE 
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO. 
HIGHTSTOWN, N. J. 
Save Hal! Yonr Tree Money! 
Buy trees direct from Green at less than half 
agent’s prices! No agents or solicitors. 
You get wholesale prices no matter 
how little you buy. 
This Book FREE 
Send for this interesting book, "How 
IMadetheOld Farm Pay, ” giving actual 
growing and planting experiences and 
valuable practical advice on caring for 
trees, vines, plants, etc. Ask for a copy. 
Green’s 1913 Catalog FREE 
Tells about the 500,000 fine fruit 
trees we have for sale—apple, 
peach, pear, plum, quince and 
cherry—sure growers, big bear¬ 
ers and true to name. Illustrates 
and describes best varieties. 
Write at once for both books. 
GREEN’S NURSERY COMPANY 
22 Wall St., Rochester, N. Y. 
Connecticut Grown Trees 
Now is the time to place your order for Spring 
delivery. We have a full line of all kind of Fruit 
trees. Apples, Pears, Peach, Cherry, Plum and 
Quince, ns well as all the Ornamental trees, Shrub- 
berry, Berry and Hedge plants. Our trees are Con¬ 
necticut grown, and you buy direct from the Nur¬ 
sery. No middle man. Guaranteed to be free from 
all scale or disease. Write for our Catalogue and 
Information Book, gives full instructions as to the 
caro of trees from the time you receive them. 
Address The STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO., New Canain, Conn. 
Write for* 
73rd 
Annual 
Catalogue 
m Buy vigorous, healthy fruit and 
ornamental trves and plants DI¬ 
RECT from the Most Complete Nurs¬ 
ery Stock in Amerion. NO 
AGENTS COMMISSION TO PAY. 
Guaranteed true to species, packed 
carefully and shipped promptly. 
World-wide reputation. WRITS 
TO-DAY! 
wanger & Barry 
Mt. Hope Nurseries, Box ?3F, Rochester, N. Y. 
fEll 
Mt. H 
REES at Hal FAgen+s R*ices 
10 Cherry, First Class, 4 to 5 ft. for 70c. 2 Kng. 
Morello, 2 Richmond. 2 Baldwin, 2 Montmorency, 
1 Napoleon, 1 Lambert. Other sizes accordingly. 
FREIGHT PAID and GUARANTEED. Send lor 
FREE WHOLES A LK CATAL(X» of a complete line. 
THE WM. J. REILLY NURSERIES, 82 Osaian St., 
Dansrille, K. Y. 
McIntosh apple, $ 12.00 pet 100 
and all other varieties of »T« tq y-i y-i 
Apple,Pear, Plum, Cherry, I tCf* 
Peach, Berry Plants, etc. * 
Send for Free Cittulogtie today. 
L’Amoreani Nursery Co., Schoharie, N. Y. 
DWARF 
APPLE 
TREES 
Have been our specialty for 
four years and we now offer 
25 varietiesof first quality stock 
at wholesale prices. Send for Free 
Catalogue and bargain price list. 
We sell direct from the nur¬ 
series — all varieties. Apple, 
Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach 
Trees, Grape Vines, Small 
Fruits and Ornamental Stock. 
W.L McKAY, Prop. Van Dusen Nurseries, Box R, GENEVA, N.Y- 
20 Elberta Peach Trees for $1.00 
By Parcel Post Prepaid 
Pruned ready to plant. satisfaction guaranteed. Order 
at once and write for prices on full line of Nursery Stock 
sold direct to planters at less than half the usnal prices. 
NEW HAVEN NURSERIES. Box 11. NEW HAVEN, MISSOURI 
MILLIONS of TREES 
PLANTS, VINES, ROSES, ETC. 
The oldest, largest and most complete nursery in 
Michigan. Send for catalog. Prices reasonable 
I. E. ILGENFRITZ' SONS CO. 
THK MONROK NURSKRY, Monboe, Mich. 
P EACH & APPLE 
TREES 2c & up 
Pear, Cherry; Strawberry, etc— Catalog Free 
TENN. NURSERY CO., Box 141, Cleveland, Tenn. 
450.000 JREES 
200 Varieties. Also Grapes, Small Fruits, etc. B«t 
roo tod stock. Genuine, cheap 2samplo currants, nuiilo<l for 10c. 
Catalog free. LEWIS ROESCH A SOS, Box K, Ei i ihmla, A. Y. 
yourTREE tJ 
go farther. Plant only the beet 
quality trees and buy direct from 
the grower. For over 40 years wc have 
frown trees and sold only the best quality. 
6 8 -yr. Sour Cherry Trees—$1. 2Moutmor- 
lency, 1 L. Philllppe, 1 Olivet, 1 K. Richmond, 1 
| Eng. Morello. 6 finest SS-yr. trees, 6 to 7 ft., $1 
We guarantee all trees time to name 
I and free from scale. Write for our Catalog 
and Price List of Selected Stock. 
J.B. Morey Nurseries, 34 State St. Dansville.N.Y 
GRAPE VINES 
Gooseberries and Currants. Best varieties Send for 
and finest grade of stock. Guaranteed true, f per 
Prepared to meet the demands of large and Rnn » 
small growers and country estates. Largest 
growers of crape vines and small fruits in the country. 
T. S. HUBBARD CO., Box 34, Fredonia, N. Y. « 
VFRY r.HftTfF King, Cuthbert, K an s as and 
OIIUlvI. Gregg Raspberry plants, $7.00 
per 1,000. 
CHERRY HILL 
Lucretia Dewberries. $15.00 per 1,000. 
FRUIT FARM. Toboso, Licking County, Ohio 
IF YOU WISH 
Fruit, Shade or Ornamental Trees; 
Hand, or Power Spray Pumps; Spray¬ 
ing Material of any kind; full directions 
How, When and Where to Spray; Gas¬ 
oline Engines of any size; write Call’s 
Nurseries, Perry, Ohio, for Special Price 
I America’s Star Roses 
Guaranteed 
CATALOG SENT FREE 
860 of the Best Roses for America. 
Vigorous, own-root plants. 11 
leaders shown in natural colors; 
85 others from photographs. Con- 
taiu 8 full information about how to 
select, plant, prune and grow. WRITE 
TO-DAY for this valuable book, with 
FREE DELIVERY OFFER. 
The Conard & Jones Co, Box 4 , West Grove, Pa. 
Bose Specialists — 50 Years' Experience. 
Write 
for Catalog of 
Guaranteed Fruit Trees ^|§§ 
Guaranteed true to name—well rooted and 
hardy-free from disease —one-half Geo 
agents* prices. WE TAKE ALL RISK IN 
SHIPPING, and guarantee arrival in good 
condition. Not a dissatisfied customer last 
year. Freight paid on order* of $7.50 and 
over. AH varieties, fresh dug from the 
soiL Rapid growers. 
WRITE TO-DAY for handsome, illus¬ 
trated catalog. Fullof expert advice. 
WM. P. RUPERT & SON, 
Box 20. 
Seneca. N. Y. 
KellysTDEES 
FROM GROWER TO PLANTER 
1 -yOU can buy ourqualitytrees 
1 like those wohave beensell- 
ing to the retailer for the past 
25 y rs., direct from ourCatalog. 
It’s our only sal'-sman. In it 
you will find selected varieties 
t fully guaranteed trees. 
10 UIIERKY TREES 87 c. 2 K.y. Richmond, 
tnortney, 2 Morello, 2 Gov. Wood, 2 Napoleon. 
Write for our Catalog now and order early. 
KELLY BROS. NURSERIES, 80 Main St., Danaville, H. 1 
You’ll Never Regret Planting Kelly Trees. 
222Z FRUIT TREES ^ 
Our Free catalog shows why successful Fruit Growers plant our trees. 
S U GG E STI """ *’*"• ° K " *” 
»,,/,* emu®»«» H. S. Wiley & Son, 27 Beach St, Cayuga, *. Y. 
f fi’Ct 
Why 
Bro 
Tor Over 
Years 
nerations of fruit tree growing expert- | 
ady for you absolutely tree of charge. 
Don’t experiment with fruit trees of unknown productiveness, uncertain 
quality. Stark Trees always pay big. The Becrut is in Stark Brothers’ per- 
; method of growing, transplanting, packing and shipping. 
50 Years Ahead of Any Other Nursery in America 
’ don’t you take advantage of our Special Service Depart¬ 
ment? All Advice Free to You. We send you free the best scien¬ 
tific methods of preparing your soil for biggest profits; Bhow you 
tow to prune your trees, give you best methods of Stark cultivation; 
to spray the Stark way. We make your orchard a winner and a 
money maker. Write u3 at once for Stark Year Book, complete' 
literature and statistics. Write today. 
S hUUSKRIKS A ORCHARDS CO., It. It. No. 45. LOUISIANA, HP. 
A Record of (Ms Hundred Honorable Successful Years in Jiusmeea 
