1913. 
THE RTIRAE NEW-YORKER 
3«1 
TALKS ABOUT COVER CROPS. 
F. E. M., Philadelphia, Pa .—Becoming 
a subscriber to Tjik It. N.-Y. last March, 
I at once became an ardent disciple of your 
cover crop cult and applied as much of your 
advice as possible in connection with my 
vegetable garden and the place. Our 
farm, rented out, except orchards and gar¬ 
den, lies in Chester County, on south side 
of a valley, soil limestone, well watered 
by two small streams. Does it sour the 
soil to turn in a rye cover crop in Spring, 
planted on potato patch in September, 
which had about a foot growth up to 
January? I have it planted on other parts 
of garden,too, but as it went in later it is 
not high. I read somewhere you could not 
turn green rye under in Spring. Should 
you cut first, then manure, plow, lime 
and harrow In? When should you put on 
lime, in Fall or Spring, before or after 
manuring? 
Ans.— The effect of green rye upon 
the soil depends much upon the way 
it is handled. We have had many com¬ 
plaints that rye “poisoned” the soil and 
ruined the succeeding crop. In such 
cases we usually find that the rye grew 
very tall and was then plowed under 
and the soil left loose and open. Both 
soil and air being warm the green and 
sappy rye, well supplied with air, fer¬ 
mented badly- The soil was soured and 
did not recover for a season. If, just 
after plowing under the rye, the soil 
had been packed down with a roller 
there would have been but little trouble. 
Air could not have worked in and there 
would have been less ferment. The rye 
crushed to the bottom of the furrow 
would have held moisture for the crop 
instead of drying out the soil as it did 
when left loose. Do not let the rye 
grow too large before plowing under. 
If by some chance it does make too 
much size it will pay on your garden to 
cut it and let it partly cure before 
plowing under. The time to use lime 
is just after plowing and then harrow 
it in. The lime, however, will not over¬ 
come the effect of leaving the rye loose 
in the soil. That must be remembered 
in plowing under all green crops. Pack 
the soil dozen after plowing. Of course 
you will not use lime where yov ex¬ 
pect to plant potatoes. 
1 tried Soy beans, two rows, 200 feet 
long, planted early. They made splendid 
growth, cut and fed to horses in Septem¬ 
ber. Was it right to leave the roots in, or 
should I have plowed them under? Can 
this soil be used to inoculate larger space 
this season? Want to get a good standing 
n-op to cut for feed in this orchard. Trees 
are young apple. 
Yes, you were right to leave the bean 
roots in the soil. We should have seed¬ 
ed rye between the rows of beans. The 
soil where these Soy beans grew can 
be used to inoculate provided there were 
nodules on the roots. There may not 
be any the first season. 
I also planted Hairy vetch with rye in 
an orchard of about two-thirds of an acre 
on August 30. Here we had an unforeseen 
difficulty mixing the seed, 25 pounds vetch 
to one-half bushel rye. We put it in the 
two-horse seeder (hired) and found the 
vetch ran through so quickly, being smooth 
and round, that one-third of seed went on 
one strip of orchard 30x300 feet, so we 
had to take out all rest of seed, and sow 
hraodcast, which made much trouble. A 
good rain started it well, but certainly is 
a weak looking plant. When should this 
be cut this Spring? Should think the rye 
would choke it. if the vetch survives the 
Winter, could two cuttings be made, and 
the ground plowed and prepared for Alfalfa 
In August? 
We make two sowings—seeding the 
rye and vetch separately. They do not 
seed well together. There will be a 
second growth which you can cut and 
then fit the soil for Aalfalfa- If the 
vetch lives through the Winter you will 
be surprised at its growth. 
Hedge Plant for Maine. 
H. IF. P., Detroit, Me .—I would like ad¬ 
vice as to kind of hedge plants to set for 
an ornamental hedge that would withstand 
the cold of central Maine. I would like 
something as near as I can find to the 
California privet that I have seen hi so 
many of the beautiful hedges near New 
York City. Cedar is the only thing I see 
used for hedges around here. I hesitate 
to use it, for it is apt to die and become 
thin in sjoots. 
Ans.— While the California privet is 
not likely to endure your Winter, its 
place may be taken by a hardier variety, 
the Amur privet, Ligustrum Amurense. 
This Siberian variety is hardy in the 
Canadian Northwest, where it has been 
tested in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and’ 
Alberta. Some Winters the tips are 
killed back there, and occasionally the 
winter-killing will extend half way or 
more to the ground, but this injury is no 
greater than the California privet suf¬ 
fers during severe Winters inland in the 
latitude of New York. At Brandon, 
Manitoba, the Amur privet has been 
tested as a hedge, and while some spec¬ 
imens have had their wood more or less 
killed, others alongside have not suf¬ 
fered at all. We infer that the cedar 
you refer to is the White cedar or arbor- 
vitse. It was the experience on the Ex¬ 
perimental Farms at Brandon and In¬ 
dian Head that young arbor-vitse trees 
from the East were not hardy in the 
Northwest when planted in exposed sit¬ 
uations, but were fairly hardy in shel¬ 
tered spots. A very attractive plant for 
a low broad hedge is Thunberg’s bar¬ 
berry, Berberis Thunbergii, which has 
proven very satisfactory in Western 
Canada. It grows three to four feet 
high,, very dense and compact, the neat 
small foliage assuming gorgeous Au¬ 
tumn tints, while the scarlet berries re¬ 
main all Winter. Some Winters the 
tips of shoots are frozen, and occasion¬ 
ally some branches are killed half-way, 
but it may be called generally hardy, and 
is a handsome shrub. Several other 
barberries are very hardy including an 
Amur variety. 
Planting "In the Moon.’’ 
C. IF. IF., Johnson City, Term .—To settle 
a controversy will you tell whether the 
planting of corn, potatoes, wheat, rye, or 
the setting out of fruit trees in the signs 
of the moon, will have any effect on their 
growth or bearing? 
Ans.— We cannot hope to settle a 
controversy which has gone on for cen¬ 
turies with few, if any, true scientific 
facts on either side. There are many 
farmers'who believe that the moon has 
great influence upon plant life. Others 
who grow even larger crops scout the 
idea. So far as we can learn, scientific 
tests such as would have settled other 
problems of plant growth have not 
shown any advantage in moon planting. 
A man might say he planted seeds in 
the moon and obtained a great crop, 
and then claim the moon was responsi¬ 
ble for it. There might be half a dozen 
other conditions of soil, season or mois¬ 
ture which influenced the crop. Per¬ 
sonally we pay no attention to the moon 
when planting, but have no quarrel with 
those who think the moon all powerful. 
Wood Ashes on Young Trees. 
What quantity of wood ashes should be 
applied to orchard trees one or two years 
planted? Will it Injure the trees to have 
the ashes come in contact with the trunk 
of tree? w. d. s. 
Elberson, Va. 
W T e should use eight to 10 pounds of ashes 
per tree. You must remember that ashes 
do not really contain a large amount of 
plant food. Scatter the ashes in a circle 
three feet or more around the tree. Do 
not pile the ashes around the trunk. They 
will injure the bark if you do. 
Fertilizer for Peas. 
Would pulverized sheep manure alone be 
a sufficient fertilizer for peas, tomatoes and 
sugar corn, or would it be better to mix 
potash and phosphate with it, and if so, in 
what proportion? Land intended for peas 
Is somewhat sour. Can I expect a good 
crop by using manure and chemicals with¬ 
out liming? p. f. s. 
Maryland. 
We would use potash and phosphoric 
acid with the sheep manure. A mixture of 
three parts acid phosphate to one of muri¬ 
ate of potash will pay. 
Home-ground Limestone. 
We have a good grade of limestone on 
our farm. Do you think it would pay to 
grind the stone for land purposes or are 
there too many in this business, e. j. p. 
Randall, N. Y. 
We think it would pay. Ground lime¬ 
stone is a bulky product and freight charges 
are heavy. Farmers often have to pay 
about as much for the freight as they do 
for the lime. Thus local " trade will be 
most profitable with a short haul. We 
think the proper settlement of the lime 
question is to open local deposits of the 
limestone and let farmers buy close to 
where the stone is crushed. 
Strawberry Plants from a Distance. 
What do you know about getting straw¬ 
berry plants or nursery stock from New 
Jersey, Maryland or Connecticut to set in 
New Hampshire? b. w. r. 
Manchester, N. IT. 
We know that from our own experience 
it makes little difference where the plants 
are grown so long as they are healthy, 
largo and not too far advanced in bloom. 
We do not like to set plants which are 
too far developed. Plants grown ou light, 
open soil usually have a better root system 
than those grown on heavy soil, but it is 
the character and size of the plant which 
count—not where it is grown. 
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Less Than the 
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Men's Rainproof Coats. 
WALL BOARD 
12,350 feet genuine Buffalo 
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WIRE STRETCHERS 
195 Little Giant Tackle 
Block Wiro Stretchers; 
self-operating; can also 
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PAINT 
*1.06 per gallon If bought in 5- 
gallon kits. Best quality Barn 
Paint, 78c. This paint covers 
more square feet, surface for 
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ROOFING 
l-ply Roofing Remnants, only 59c 
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Best Open-Hearth 
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heavily galvanized. 
Won’tpeelorflake. Spe¬ 
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Steel Eastern Farm Fence, 22c per rod. 
STEEL ROOFING 
140.000 square feet going at 50 cents on the 
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PUMPS 
Extra heavy reinforced iron Pitcher 
Spout Pumps for wells as deep as 25 feet. 
Our price on 250 of these pumps is fl.00 
each. 
CURTAINS 
Rugs, Linoleums 
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THE MANUFACTURERS’ OUTLET CO. 
Dept. 113, BUFFALO, N. Y. 
TILE DRAINED LAND IS MORE PRODUCTIVE-)Carrie? off* scrips W w*ter^ 
"" —*--- .. . , admits air to the sod. In¬ 
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H ? und Drain Tile meets every requirement. We also make Sewer 
Pipe, Red and Fire Brick, Chimney Tops, Encaustic Side Walk Tile, etc. Writ* 
OhN H. JACKSON, 89 Third Ave., Albany, N c y. 
for what you want and prices. JOE 
Long Stroke Motor 
r FULL EQUIPMENT 
Gray & Davis Electric Starting and Electric Lighting 
Bosch Magneto. 11-in. Upholstery. 
Licensed under Dyer patents 657.650— 885,986 and 921,963 
1913 Pratt Cars 
Fioe Years —Every one successful as manufac¬ 
turers of automobiles. 
Forty Years —Every one successful as manufac¬ 
turers of standard vehicles. 
Cl of- Cnfrilf'crnt* showing photographic view of all 
'SCI Lu.utt/gUt? models, and giving you the stand¬ 
ards by which to value any car. 
We httTe a business preposition for you. Our goal for 1913 is a 
“Pratt Car" in every locality. If there isn’t one in your neigh¬ 
borhood— if there isn't a Piatt dealer near you it will be to your 
material advantage to write or wire and let us kuow. 
Three Distinct Models— Pratt 50, 122-inch wheel base, elec¬ 
tric starter and electric lighting system. Price $2,150.00. 
Pratt 40, 120-in. wheel base, Presto-0-St3rter and electric fighting 
system. Price $1,850.00. 
Pratt 30, 114-in. wheel base. Prest-O-Starter and electric lighting 
system. Price $1,400.00. 
ELKHART CARRIAGE & HARNESS MFG. CO. 
ELKHART INDIANA 
