420 
% 
THS RURAL NBW-YORKEK 
March 22, 
t 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[ Every query must be accompanied by the 
name and address of the ■writer to insure 
attention. Before asking z. question, please see 
whether it is not answered in our advertising 
columns. Ask only a few questions at one time. 
Put questions on a separate piece of paper.! 
Handling an Old Orchard. 
G. L. B., Baltimore, Md. —I wish to spray 
an old apple and peach orchard. I do not 
know that they have any scale but I want 
to spray them and work them. 
Ans. —This is a sample of many let¬ 
ters. This man wrote us that he had 
an orchard of old trees which he wished 
to spray. What should he use? We 
told him how sucking insects are not 
killed by poisons while leaf-eaters are 
so killed, and that plant diseases need 
special treatment. What did he want 
to spray for? In reply we have the 
above. It is evident that only the most 
general advice can be given. We would 
handle the old apple trees about as fol¬ 
lows : 
Prune the old trees severely. Cut out 
all the dead limbs back into sound wood 
and paint the stubs. Cut out the limbs 
that cross or interfere, and if the trees 
have gone up too high in the air cut 
the tops back four feet or so. Then 
scrape off the rough bark on the trunks 
and burn the scrapings. Give the trees 
a thorough soaking with either soluble 
oil or lime-sulphur. We have had best 
success with the oil in treating these old 
scale-ridden trees. Get a good spray 
pump and cover every part of these 
trees. Just before the buds open on the 
apple trees spray again. This time use 
two pounds arsenate of lead dissolved in 
50 gallons of water with one gallon of 
commercial lime sulphur added. As 
the blossoms fall and the little apple 
forms after the flower, spray again with 
the same mixture. The peach trees 
should be pruned severely and sprayed 
with the oil or lime-sulphur, but not 
with the poison. 
As for working the orchard, we as¬ 
sume it is now in sod. Plow this sod 
shallow as soon as the soil is fit to work. 
In April give each apple tree at least 10 
pounds of a high grade fruit fertilizer 
and have the soil worked with some 
good harrow at least once every 10 days 
through the season. Have the fertilizer 
scattered out as far as the branches ex¬ 
tend. In late June or July sow the 
best cover crop suited to your section 
and then let the orchard alone except 
for picking the fruit. 
Summer Vetch and Cow-horn Turnips. 
Nova Scotia .—Will you tell me the 
amount and proportions of Summer vetch 
and Cow-horn turnip seed to sow for a 
cover crop in an orchard to be turned 
under in the Spring for humus. Do you 
consider this a good combination for a 
gravelly loam, or is there a better, and 
why Cow-horn turnips rather than any 
other variety? 
Ans. —If we understand, you want a 
crop to seed this Spring. We should 
sow oats and Canada peas early and 
turn under in July. If you mean to cul¬ 
tivate up to late June or July and then 
sow a cover crop, our choice would be 
for one acre 30 pounds Winter vetch, 
one peck of rye and two pounds Cow- 
horn turnip seed. This crop will hold 
the ground through late Summer and 
Fall and may be plowed under in 
Spring. This combination will give a 
large amount of matter to be plowed 
under and should one kind be killed the 
others will come through. The Cow- 
horn turnip is used because it gives 
more bulk in top and root than others, 
and because its long tap-root works far 
down into the soil. 
Peaches for Alabama. 
G. D. C., Coo8ada, Ala. —Will you give 
me the names of peach trees suited to this 
climate, and that should give us a succes¬ 
sion of fruit from early Summer to 
late Fall? There was living some 30 
' years ago a physician in a nearby town 
who claimed to have trees in bearing as 
long as that, so I think it may be possible. 
Will you also advise as to the currant. 
goosberry and raspberry, whether they can 
be grown here? The people about here 
seem to have very little knowledge of 
such things. Corn and cotton seems to be 
about all they give attention to. 
Ans. —A very good list of peaches for 
Alabama or any region of similar cli¬ 
mate is as follows, and they will ripen 
about in the order named: Triumph, 
Mamie Ross, Hiley, St. John, Mountain 
Rose, Champion, Belle of Georgia, El- 
berta, Frances, Niagara, Crothers, Sal- 
way, Krummel and Bilyen. These are 
varieties that will ripen from the earli¬ 
est to the latest that are known, and 
suitable to the climate indicated. There 
are some earlier kinds, but they belong 
to the South China type and are not 
hardy north of the gulf coast country. 
h. e. van deman. 
Green Vitriol for Fly-killer. 
A. C., Brooklyn, N. Y. —I note your ad¬ 
vice, page 336, regarding fly-killers for ma¬ 
nure. Has anyone tried green vitriol (iron 
sulphate) for this purpose? This chemical 
is cheap (about one-half cent a pound in 
cars) and has valuable fertilizing proper¬ 
ties due to its iron and sulphur content. 
It would be likely to decompose in the ma¬ 
nure forming ferrous hydrate and sulphuric 
acid ; the latter immediately combining with 
the ammonia of the manure to form am¬ 
monium sulphate. Green vitriol is a deodor¬ 
izer and disinfectant and should be sure 
death to flies and their eggs. Keep it away 
from horses’ hoofs. Apply it in solution. 
Mix in wood bucket. 
Ans. —Green vitriol or iron sulphate 
is what is commonly known in the trade 
as copperas, though there is no copper 
about it. It is cheap, is a ’good disin¬ 
fectant, and ought to serve the purpose 
mentioned. It has, however, little or no 
plant food value, and while it would 
undoubtedly diminish the trouble from 
flies, it would not serve the double pur¬ 
pose of preventing flies and at the same 
time making the manure into a balanced 
fertilizer. In cases where the soil was 
known to be deficient in iron, particu¬ 
larly where fruit is being raised, con¬ 
siderable benefit might result from the 
use of this material. There would be 
a pretty large amount of residual sul¬ 
phuric acid to be taken care of as a re¬ 
sult of the decomposition of this ma¬ 
terial, and my suggestion would be to 
try the thing out on a small scale be¬ 
fore going into it too heavily. 
Growing Morels. 
B. E. R., Kansas City, Kan. —I saw in 
your issue of March 1 an article on Spring¬ 
time mushrooms. Will you give informa¬ 
tion where the spores may be obtained and 
some hints on growing them? 
Ans. — I am not aware that even the 
spawn of the Morchella, much less the 
spores, is to be obtained on the market. 
If any reader knows where spawn or 
spores are to be secured I wish they 
would volunteer the information. The 
spawn, mycelium, of the Morchella could 
be as easily produced as that of the 
common and well-known Agaricus 
campestris of the mushroom cellars and 
pastures. Despite close picking and no 
efforts to propagate them, the Morchella 
persists here year after year in orchards 
and other partial shade, just as the 
Agaricus persists in its location; so I 
am at a loss to give definite advice as 
to their cultivation, though I might sug¬ 
gest that conditions and methods suited 
to the ordinary mushroom would suit 
these also. w. e. duckwall. 
Pear Blight. 
J. O. S., New York .—Hast Summer I 
noticed two pear trees on my farm with 
three or four feet of the end of the limbs 
dying, about four in each tree. I was 
told to dig up around the roots, and place 
wood ashes there, which I did. Should I 
slit the bark of the trunks of the trees, 
or drive nails into same? I expect to find 
the trees dead next Summer. 
Green’s Special Prices on Apple Trees 
Y OU are offered the apple, peach, pear and quince trees listed below at very 
low prices. You will receive prices from us that will surprise you. With 
good care and much rain we have grown straight, clean, healthy trees with 
fine roots. Unusual success in growing has given us a few’ hundred extra of the 
following varieties: 
APPLE TREES 
Alexander 
American Blush 
Blenheim Orange 
Delicious Red 
Duchess of Old. 
Hubbardston 
King 
N. W. Greening 
APPLE TREES 
R. I. Greening 
Pound Sweet 
Stark 
Sweet Bough 
Twenty Ounce 
Wagener 
Wealthy 
Winter Banana 
PEACH TREES 
Elberta 
Niagara 
DWARF PEAR TREES 
Clapp’s Favorite 
Gan’s Early 
Lawrence 
Orange Quince Trees 
The above list is only a small part of trees named and described in our catalog. 
Remember that you can get these extra trees listed above at low price by sending your wants 
to us now. 
You will need those trees to plant this spring. Get our prices on the number of each variety 
you may need. This is your opportunity. Send us a postal now. 
Green’s Nursery Company, Box 22, Rochester, N. Y. 
DWARF 
APPLE 
TREES 
We have made a specialty of Dwarf 
Apple Trees for four years, and now offer 
25 varieties. No other nursery can offer 
such wide selection. First quality stock at 
wholesale prices—direct from nursery to 
planter. All leading varieties of Apple, 
Pear, Plum, Cherry and Peach trees. Grape 
Vines, Small Fruits and Ornamental Stock. 
SEND FOR FREE CATALOG 
Full of information and beautifully 
illustrated. Send now for bargain price 
lists -while stock is complete. 
W. L. McKAY, Prop. Van Dusen Nurseries 
Box A, GENEVA, N. Y. 
l878Grown Right,Handled Right 1913 
FRUIT TREE BULLETIN 
Gives you the whole story of the nur¬ 
sery business in Western New York, and 
tells you all about buying, planting and 
growing trees. Write (or free ropy today. 
' KING BROS. NURSERIES 
8 Oak St.. Dausville, N. V. 
“It's Cheapest to Buy the Best" 
SETS* 
A New Wonder From 
J. H. HALE 
“The Peach King” 
Ready After 8 Year*’ Te*t»—After 3,000 
J. H. HALE Trees Planted—Orcharditt* Enthusiastic 
At Inst tho wonderful “J. II. HALE” peach is offered 
for commercial planting. The most amazing peach 
the country has ever known. Fruit twice as large a9 
Elberta; color deep yellow, overlaid with carmine; 
flesh firm and melting; smooth, ftizzless 6kin; most 
luscious flavor; extremely hnrdy—21 degrees below zero 
failed to injure. Testedinall peach soiisand climates. 
Experts assert it will prove the greatest money-maker 
ever planted in U.S. Early growers will muke fortunes. 
Send Name for 100-Page Book Free 
Describes the new "J. H.HALE” peach and complete assortment 
of William P. Stark guaranteed trees. No agents. Tfou save 
50 per cent and get better trees. Book sent only on request. 
WM. P. STARK NURSERIES, Sta. B U. STARK CITY. MO. 
(4 
BLACK’S QUALITY” 
FRUIT TREES 
NONE BETTER 
None Give Better Returns when They Fruit 
Send for our list that we can ship by 
Parcel Post 
which delivers to your door. 
PEACH 
a specialty. 
and APPLE TREES 
CATALOGUE FREE 
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO. 
HIGHTSTOWN, N. J. 
Connecticut Grown Trees 
Now is the time to place your order for Spring 
delivery. We have a full line of all kind of Fruit 
trees. Apples, Pears, Peach, Cherry, Plum and 
Quince, as well as all the Ornamental trees. Shrub- 
berry, Berry and Hodge plants. Our trees are Con¬ 
necticut grown, and yon buy direct from the Nur¬ 
sery. No middleman. Guaranteed to be free from 
all scale or disease. Write for our Catalogue and 
Information Bool;, gives full instructions as to the 
care of trees from the time you receive them. 
Address The STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO., New Canaan, Conn. 
TREES and PLANTS 
Large assortment of APPLE and PEACH. 
500,000 BLACKBERRIES—Eldorado, Merse- 
reau, Snyder, etc., grown from root cuttings— 
the best way to grow blackberries, free from 
disease. 
W. B. COLE, Avenue Nurseries, Painesville, 0. 
BARGAINS IN NURSERY STOCK 
We Pay the Freight and Guarantee Satisfaction, Vari¬ 
eties True—Nojlisease—Your Money Back if not Pleased 
Lot No, 1—100 Elberta Peach, 2 to 3 ft., $5.00 
For other bargains, write at once for 
our new list of full assortment of high- 
grade Nursery Stock, direct to planters. 
J. 11AG15I & SONS COMPANY 
Wept. 1> NEW HAVEN, MO. 
Hill's Evergreens Grow 
Best tor windbreaks. Protect crops and stock. 
Keep house and barn warmer—save fuel—save 
feed. Hill's evergreens are hardy, nursery, 
grown—low priced. Get Hill’s iree illustrated 
evergreen book and list of Great Bargain Of¬ 
fers—from $4.50 up per Thousand. 56 years 
experience. World 1 s largest growers. Write. 
I>. HILL NUHSKKY CO., Iuc. k«r*«on 
212 Cedar 8t,, Dundee, Ills. fc-peciabats. 
TREES 
CATALOGUE FREE. 
—150 ACRES. Genesee 
Valley grown. “ Not the 
cheapest, but the best." 
No San Jose Scale. 
Established 1869. 
Geo. A. Sweet Nursery Co.. 
20 Maple Street, Dansville,' N. Y. 
McIntosh apple, $12.00 per 100 
and all other varieties of ►T 1 r% f-' O 
Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, I K K, l 
Peach, Berry Plants, etc. * 
Send for Fret Catalogue today. 
L’Amorcaux Nursery Co., Schoharie, N. Y. 
S2GRAREVINES 
69 Varieties. Also Small Fruits, Trees, etc. Best Rootod 
Stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample vines mailed for 10c. Desc. 
price-list free. LEWIS ItOESCH A SON, Box Ji, Eredonis. N. t 
700,000 Fresh Dug Trees 10c Eacb 
Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach and Quince. Genesee 
Valley Rrown, direct from nursery to planter, at whole¬ 
sale prices. Write for free illustrated catalogue. 
F. W. WELLS, WHOLESALE NURSERIES, f Treeacres Road, Dansville, N Y. 
Onion Seed, Onion Sets, Seed Potatoes 
Ans. —The limbs of your pear trees 
dying back last Summer indicate that 
one of the most common yet serious 
pear diseases is at work in your trees— 
blight. The disease is caused by bac¬ 
teria growing in the live part of the 
hark. They cause the hark to turn dark 
and die. No, it will not be best for the 
trees to slit the hark or to drive nails 
into the same. The only known way 
to control the disease is to cut out the 
diseased parts. The diseased limbs 
should be cut six to eight inches below 
where the bark has been killed, in order 
to he sure to get all the bacteria which 
causes the trouble. This should' be done 
before the trees begin to leave out. A 
more complete account of this disease, 
together with instructions as to what to 
detect and how to remove the disease 
from a tree, will be found in a later 
issue of this paper. l. f. s. 
Roots Fresh from the Soil 
Guaranteed true to name, and to reach 
you in perfect condition. Not a dissatis¬ 
fied customer last year. One-half tree , 
;? 3 jas| agent*' prices, freight paid on orderB of 
% —''j $7.50 and over. WRITE for catalogue. 
Wm. P. Rupert 8 Son. Box 20.Seneca. N.Y. 
Everything in Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Write 
for catalog. 
J. AUG. DRAKE, Seedsman, Chester, New Jersey 
WEEDLESS FIELD SEEDS 
Are what we are trying harder than ever to furuiah our cua- 
toiuerK. I'KI'iK SAMPLES will show that wo come pretty near 
doing it. In many \ariotieH we IK) IT. Red, Mammoth, Alaike, 
Alfalfa, Timothy, Orchard Grass, Sweet Clover and all others. 
0. M. SCOTT 6 SON, SO Main Street, MARYSVILLE, OHIO 
ABOUT-.-? THE COST REDUCER’-Zree^ooX/eAfsTURDY 
I^P-This booklet will save mone y foryou. It tells allt^ 
about our LAKESHORE GROWN Nursery Stock ® * 
Hardy—Early Bearing—Guaranteed. LAKESHORE NURSERIES, Box IIO, Girard, Pa. 
TREES 
.'STOCK 
1847 
FRUIT TREES 
1913 
Our Free catalog shows why successful Fruit Growers plant our trees. 
SUGGESTIONS - "” varieties for various localities, alter care, etc., in 
Its all in the eare 
Watch Wiley's trees bear 
booklet form, sent free on request 
get our catalog now H. S. Wiley & Son, 27 Beach St., Cayuga, N. Y. 
