1833. 
Xir^XS RUr?-AL N3W-YORKER 
421 
VIOLET CULTURE. 
Part II. 
Housing the Plants. —Single violet 
plants should be left outside until they 
have had a few frosts, or if preferable 
they can be housed sooner, and the 
frames or greenhouses as the case may 
be, opened during two or three nights 
when it is freezing. This freezing-out 
process has the greatest importance, as 
it checks the leaf growth on the plants 
to the benefit of the flowers; in other 
words if the plants were not frozen, 
they would give a tremendous crop of 
leaves and the flowers would be very 
few. Better results are obtained with 
solid beds than raised benches. When 
the beds are ready to be planted, the 
plants are dug out with a shovel, care 
being taken to leave as much dirt on 
the roots as possible as then with a 
judicious amount of water the plants 
do not show the transplanting to any 
great extent; in fact they keep right on 
blooming as if they had never been 
disturbed. 
Winter Culture. —The violet is un¬ 
like the rose or carnation as regards 
heat; it must be kept cool, and any 
attempt to force it will result in over¬ 
growth of leaves and blasting of the 
flowers. Of course temperature changes 
a good deal, but every effort should be 
made to keep the night temperature as 
near 40 degrees as possible, with a day 
temperature of between 55 and 60 in 
bright weather. The violet is a lover 
of fresh air, and ventilation should be 
carefully attended to, so that there is 
seldom a day when more or less air 
should not be given. The same care 
given in the houses must be observed 
where frames are used. Plants in a 
frame will burn up on a bright day 
unless air is properly given, so watch 
the thermometer and give air when the 
plants need it. For the night if indica¬ 
tions point to severe weather the frames 
should be protected with mats, straw, 
pine needles or whatever one has handy 
on the place. If the temperature in 
the frames should get to freezing point 
do not be alarmed, no harm will result. 
Last Winter was very severe, and I had 
a few frames which got frozen one 
night quite hard. Early next morning 
I took the sashes off and with a fine 
spray of water, thawed out the plants 
as well as the flowers with the result 
that 75 per cent of the latter were 
saved and picked that same afternoon. 
Handling the Flowers. — Violets 
properly grown, are always sweet, but 
the delicious odor may be lost through 
improper handling. Throughout the en¬ 
tire work of picking, bunching and 
shipping every precaution must be taken 
to keep the flowers away from all for¬ 
eign odors. Any objectionable odor 
either in the box, paper or the room 
where the work is carried on, is apt to 
be taken up by the flowers and to de¬ 
stroy their sweetness. The flowers are 
generally put up in bunches of 50, with 
10 to 20 leaves forming a neat margin 
of green, and sold by the hundred. 
Outdoor Treatment. —Besides green¬ 
houses and frames violet <; r\ tie left 
outside all Winter provided the suitable 
variety is used. There is nothing so 
beautiful as a bed; they are the last 
flowers to be killed by frost in the 
hall and the first to bloom in the Spring. 
Ihey bloom in the Fall until very se¬ 
vere weather sets in, when they can be 
protected by spreading straw or leaves, 
hay or cornfodder over the beds; then 
when _ the nice Spring days arrive, the 
covering is taken off and the violets 
start to bloom again. The sight must 
be seen to be appreciated. 
Varieties. —Following are some of 
the more important sorts now grown: 
Single varieties: Russian, Welsiana, 
Luxonne, California, Princess of Wales, 
La France and Dorsett. California and 
Princess of Wales are best. Double 
varieties: Neapolitan, Lady Hume 
Campbell, Marie Louise, Farquhar and 
Imperial. Lady Hume Campbell and 
Marie Louise are best. Swanley White 
is the standard white, and Madame Mil- 
,P' n k- E. A. PERRY. 
Maryland. 
GIRDLING A WALNUT TREE. 
Reading of the experiments in girdling 
pear trees reported by Chas. I. Edwards, 
page 170, I am moved to relate my own 
experience with a black walnut tree the 
past season. This tree was young and 
vigorous, had produced two small crops 
of under-sized nuts, but, being located 
on the edge of a garden plot, I decided 
to destroy it in the interests of the 
vegetable crops. Last Summer when 
the tree was in bloom I girdled it with 
a saw, but instead of resenting this 
treatment it responded by giving me a 
large crop of the biggest walnuts 1 have 
ever seen, the nuts being fully three 
times larger than those previously pro¬ 
duced, and being more highly flavored. 
At the present time the tree shows not 
the slightest sign of harm on account 
of the rude treatment it received. I 
have decided to tolerate it for L-.other 
season to see if the nuts will be pro¬ 
duced as plentifully and large as they 
were last season. I have another wal¬ 
nut tree that produces very small nuts 
of good quality; I intend to girdle it 
this season in the hope of enlarging the 
nuts. W. L. LIGHTB0VVN. 
Delaware. 
A Fatness Cure. 
E. M., Danbury, O .—Is the author of en¬ 
closed circular a responsible and respectable 
physician? I received a lot of his adver¬ 
tisements some time ago, and as I am 
too fleshy I thought I would take his 
treatment if he is all right. 
Ans. —The circular has two pictures, 
one represents a man looking at a very 
corpulent woman and remarking to his 
wife. “Which figure does any man pre¬ 
fer?” The other picture shows the 
same man calling his wife’s attention to 
a laborer who is shouldering a bag of 
flour. “That,” says the husband, “is 
what you were carrying around before 
you decided to get rid of the super¬ 
fluous fat.” 
Without knowing the author of the en¬ 
closed circular, I can state with the ut¬ 
most positiveness that he is not a re¬ 
spectable and responsible physician. If he 
were, he would not be engaged in one of 
the most contemptible forms of quackery; 
that of filching money from credulous peo¬ 
ple who desire to reduce their weight. An 
oxcesive deposit of fat in the tissues is 
sometimes the result of a disturbance in 
the function of assimilation, but it is 
more frequently due to an inherited tend¬ 
ency in the individual, or to lack of suffi¬ 
cient physical exercise, and the habitual 
ingestion of more food than the body 
needs to furnish energy and repair waste. 
Whatever the cause, there are few drugs 
that have any influence upon this condition, 
and none whatever that can safely be used 
for that purpose except under the' watchful 
eye of a competent physician. You may 
rest assured that all advertised obesity 
cures, whether drugs or “systems,” are de 
signed only to reduce the weight of your 
pocketbook, and fatten the wretches who 
prey upon the misfortunes of others. 
M. B. P. 
That Twin Apple. 
The biology of plant cells—in fact of all 
cells—is one of the wonders of creation, 
the study of which draws one close to the 
great vital force that is back of all life, 
and is the great mystery that has not yet 
been fathomed or explained. We may learn 
how certain life processes take place, but 
the why and the power back of it, are afj 
yet behind the veil. When two trees of 
the same species grow so near together 
that as they increase in size their trunks 
touch, they will grow together and their 
cells will unite in such a manner as to 
make one trunk at the point of contact. 
When two buds, of stem er flower, happen 
to develop where one usually appears, they 
frequently become united and mature as 
a double or twin stalk, flower, flower-head 
or fruit. Occasionally sprouts of birch 
or other species of tree are found growing 
thus. I have such a freak among my other 
curiosities where five buds that were the 
beginning of that number of stems grew 
so near together that they united and grew 
several inches as one round stem. Then 
the sprouts began to flatten and finally the 
tips of the sprouts separated and became 
five distinct branches. 
MrawDerrv mossoms are occasionallv do 1 
ble and a large, misshapen berry is the r 
suit. Clover blossoms, which are really clu 
ters or heads composed of many single flov 
ers. are sometimes found double. " I ha'* 
never seen a double apple or a picture of or 
until I saw that on page 205 of The 1 
N.-Y. The production of buds of all kirn 
is usually in obedience to certain laws r 
garding location, time of appearing and d 
velopment, but under abnormal conditior 
the unusual sometimes occurs. The ove 
pruning or dishorning of a tree causes ai 
ventitious buds to develop where ord 
narily branches would not appear. Th 
is doubtless due in part to the over suppl 
of plant food that causes reproductive cel 
to develop where with the ordinarv supplv < 
nutriment wood or bark cells would liat 
been, just as the feeding of more stinu 
latmg food to a larval worker of a queei 
less swarm of bees will cause the great* 
development of the reproductive organs i 
an individual that would otherwise hat 
been sterile, and a sexually perfect femal 
or queen bee, is the result. Now it ma 
be that a local oversupply of plant foo 
in one place will cause two fruit cells t 
develop where otherwise there would Inn 
been but one. or one cell with a doubl 
nucleus, either one of them making possib 
the development of a twin fruit. 
W. II. IICSE. 
R- N.-Y.—We have 
tures of twin apples. 
printed several pic- 
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