432 
'THE RURA-I> NEW-YORKER 
March 22, 
CORNSTALK TREE SPREADER. 
We have about 2,700 young apple trets 
set out two years ago. Last year, while 
pruning them, I caught on to a trick 
which is of great value to me and which 
may be to others. A great many of the 
CORNSTALK SPREADERS. Fig. 137, 
young trees, especially Wealthy, were 
hard to get into shape, and very often 
two branches which I couldn’t afford to 
lose would grow up straight side by 
side or twist around. To overcome this 
I used spreaders made out of cornstalks. 
I have never seen these used before. 
The cornstalks are light to carry around 
in your pocket and are easily cut into 
right lengths. I use them about one- 
fourth or three-eighths inch thick, cut 
them wedge-shaped on each end and 
APPLICATION OF SPREADERS. Fig. 139. 
.spring them in tight. The center pith 
forms a cushion the shape of the branch, 
prevents bruising and hugs tight so as 
not to be shaken out by storms. In 
Fig. 137, 1 shows the cornstalk, 2 side 
view, and 3 properly notched for spread¬ 
ing. J. w. R. 
Massachusetts. 
VALUE OF POWER-SPRAYING OUTFIT. 
The article on page 346 on spraying 
small orchards prompts me to give our 
experience of last year in spraying for 
ourselves and neighbors with a low- 
priced power sprayer. Engine one-half 
horse power; tank, 100 gallons, engine 
connected to jack-shaft on pump which 
operates the same, all mounted on good 
stout open platform. If mounted on a 
truck such as used for wood sawing 
machines the cost will be $23 more. We 
borrowed such a truck last season, but 
now have a second-hand set which was 
purchased in the Fall at a low price. 
The apparatus worked well; two horses 
drew the wagon easily. In the peach 
orchard the pressure was enough to 
keep two lines of hose going steadily, 
and this is enough for small apple trees, 
but for larger, tall trees one line of 
hose was shut off to give all the pres¬ 
sure so as to reach the top of the tall 
branches. There is a pressure gauge 
on the tank which shows just what one 
is doing. 
Two years ago, with a good brass- 
lined barrel pump we took seven days 
to go over all the trees on the farm 
once, and to keep the pump going 
steadily all day by hand is tiresome 
work, even to a man weighing over 200 
pounds. Last season with the power 
outfit, the entire area was covered in 
one day, done better and tops of trees 
reached, which we could not get at with 
the hand pump. Another advantage was 
the ability to use the right kind of a 
day. We sprayed on a Monday, a warm 
still day. The next day it was blowing 
hard and did not cease for several days 
so as to give a good spraying day. A 
warm still day is ideal for spraying, but 
it makes the man on a hand pump per¬ 
spire so freely that he feels he is being 
sprayed instead of the trees. 
Two neighbors with large orchards 
saw my boys at work in our orchards 
and engaged them to spray at once; 
“no more hand pump for them,” they 
said. Their work was done in less than 
a day on each place, where it had usually 
required four or five days by hand. The 
boys are already booking orders for this 
season; charge $1.50 per hour, time to 
be reckoned from the start at home, but 
no charge for time used to return home. 
They also charge actual cost of spray 
material, which is not large, as we pur¬ 
chase in barrel lots and lime-sulphur and 
arsenate of lead is not expensive in 
large quantities. The fruit last Fall was 
finest ever gathered on the farm, over 
500 barrels. One small orchard back of 
the house of 50 trees produced 180 bar¬ 
rels, hardly a wormy apple in the lot. 
Fruit pierced by the Codling moth was 
conspicuous by its absence. Although 
an old farm it is new to our family, 
coming here in 1910. The trees had 
been neglected for years, were full of 
dead and interlocking branches. We 
keep steadily at work with the pruning 
saw, knife and scraper. It looks some¬ 
times as if there were more material on 
the ground under a tree when it was 
finished than remained in the air. We 
have not finished pruning yet. An en¬ 
tire day is often used up on one tree 
the first time it is tackled. But whether 
pruned or not, every tree is sprayed 
twice in the season, and as many as 
possible the third time according to the 
season and pressure of other work. 
We sold a good share of the fruit in 
nearby towns, five to 12 miles; it pays 
a great deal better, as the barrels and 
boxes are returned. There are no bar¬ 
rels to purchase, no freight to pay, no 
commission and cartage charges in Bos¬ 
ton to be deducted. Every cent taken 
in for apples is yours; very often when 
taking over a load of fruit for deliv¬ 
ery the barrel for the next trip was or¬ 
dered. We sell to the dealers and at 
the same time work up the better class 
of retail trade, often taking orders for 
dressed poultry and eggs, which run into 
good money at Thanksgiving and Christ¬ 
mas time. On many a trip there was a 
great deal more money in the poultry- 
box under the wagon scat than in the 
whole load of apples. People often 
asked for other things, like squashes, 
tomatoes and sweet corn, and while 
the load was fruit, it is viry easy to 
put on these other items, especially at 
retail prices. Horace b. Parker. 
Massachusetts. 
Curing Oat Smut. 
Every year there are many questions 
about treating- seed oats to cure the smut 
disease. The Wisconsin Experiment Sta¬ 
tion has probably done more work in this 
line than most others, so we give their 
direction for treating oats : 
“One pint of formalin, or formaldehyde, 
which may be obtained at any drug store, 
will treat 30 bushels of oats. The solution 
should be made by using one pint of forma¬ 
lin to 36 gallons of water in a tank or 
barrels. The oats should then be put in 
gunny sacks, filled only two-thirds full, 
and submerged in the formalin for only 
10 minutes. 
“When the sacks of oats are withdrawn 
from the barrels or tanks they should be 
allowed to drain, thereby saving considera¬ 
ble solution that would otherwise be wasted. 
The oats are then empted on a thrashing 
floor, and covered with blankets an hour 
or two so as to make the treatment more 
effective. After this the oats are allowed 
to dry. Oats treated with tiie formalin 
solution will usually dry sufficiently for 
sowing in one or two days. After treat¬ 
ment the oats swell considerably, and it 
is necessary for the seeder or drill to be 
set so that it will sow about one bushel 
more per acre. Oats can be treated effec¬ 
tively several weeks or months previous to 
sowing if desired, and if properly dried the 
germinating power will not suffer. For the 
average farmer Just previous to sowing 
will prove most convenient. The formalin 
solution of the strength recommended is not 
poisonous and will not injure the hands or 
clothing. Barley should also be treated 
as one of the smuts common to barley is 
effectively eradicated by this treatment and 
otiier diseases are also held in check.” 
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Stable Manure and Potatoes. 
A correspondent writes in reference to 
potato cultivation that if he dressed the 
land with stable manure he would expect 
the potatoes to be scabby. I have beeu 
advised to plant potatoes with stable ma¬ 
nure put in each drill. Will that cause 
scab, or is it a had method of planting? 
Katonah, N. Y. h. f. 
We consider it a “bad method of plant¬ 
ing.” Almost sure to result iu scabby po¬ 
tatoes. It needs to be repeated over and 
over that scab is a germ disease. In most 
old land these germs are in the soil and 
an alkaline condition gives them the 
stable manure are alkaline and when used 
directly on the potato crop will usually 
increase the scab. Corn is a much better 
crop for the manure. 
• W - ■ 
^WE CAN 
DELIVER AT ONCE 
n The great thing in spraying is to have a machine you 
can load with Bordeaux or Arsenate and go right to work 
without stopping every few minutes to adjust this, tighten 
that, replace the other part, and spray every branch per- 
fectly, quickly, while weather conditions are right and 
without waste of materials or gasoline. 
We build every part of the 
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ILLUSTRATED SPRAYER AND ENGINE BOOKLETS. 
Please write for them, to us or our nearest Hales agents. 
DEYO-MACEY ENGINE CO. 
22 Wuhlngtoa St., BINGHAMTON, N. Y. 
J. S. Wood ho use, 189-195 Water St.,JNew York 
RJohardson Mfg, Co., Worcester, Mass. 
Kendall & Whitney, Portland, Maine 
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i Order or send for circular. AFFILIATED 
so manufacturers, Oor. w, water st. 
and Grand Ave. f • Milwaukee, Win. 
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There's a SECRET at 
the Arrow Point 
Tbtisuti cl Up-To- 
Date Fruit Grncn in 
suing. “FRIEND NOZ¬ 
ZLES ME SUPEM08." 
Wlj U (Us ? 
ttmrx.r *kry CRT TVKRR Ac IMITATION 
indicui lK»l kw.x-Iwt, Ihcr, m flKIOINAJ- LooA os 
If- NOZZI.K ywi u*» M* .f w, cm fed tta MAKKR*8 
N \UK *o.l U- word “I’ATKVTKn" TU -»TUK«D“ k. 
Itx f/HKIlNAI. toga Nn di <t>Ana .... «ith tba rl«m 
“ f'HIKN 1 •" Noukc b*M *• IIOHMS. ooltOOKH. **Um« to 
wkK drip or eloc. TUy m e t e tW inwl tUKT-UKKIImp, 
drtviac is Urtfer iota tia (mob tt— tU d—In 
TtM-AMCtK 1 * 
tU -■EUJLAfUf^ocdlowy w*rt. »oU nfek nwHS $a»- 
a c t !* p ww c U H or n feiil rrto*. 0LO6 cmA >M» n H 
“FRIEND" MFG. CO. 
Cohort, Waiw Cummf y . . . AU Tor* 
Actual ■ 
Difference ' ' 
• . * .* Jfi - t • • */• * ■ 'V . H . • , 
“FRIEND” and other nozzles 
as proven by the CORNELL 
DIVERSITY SPRAY0GRAPH 
• * »• 
Study it carefully—think about it. You will then know why thousands of prominent fruit growers write us as (ollows 
Gentlemen:—Enclosed find $2 for which please send me two more angle 
nozzles immediately. A few days ago I got two of the same kind and we used 
them today along with-and-, and there is no comparison between 
them, they are certainly fine. Most respectfully yours, 
Bedford, Penn., April 3. George W. Koontz. 
AS EVER THE FRUIT GROWER’S “FRIEND” MFG. CO., GASPORT, N. Y. 
