1913. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
441 
SELECTING SWINE FOR BREEDING. 
The best way to select any animals 
for breeding purposes is actually to try 
them out in the breeding pen and se¬ 
lect those individuals which breed true 
to the characters desired. In many 
cases, however, it is not possible to go 
to all the trouble embodied in such a 
method; and in others,, where the end 
sought is not the improvement of the 
breed but the production of animals to 
fatten for the general market, it is not 
profitable to do so. In these cases a 
knowledge of those characters which are 
typical of good animals and which in¬ 
dicate an ability to produce offspring 
of high value is of the first importance. 
The first thing to determine of course 
is the type of animal to be raised. This 
must depend on the demands of the 
market and the relative cost of produc¬ 
ing the various types. For most corn- 
belt farmers the production of the lard 
or fat hog type is undoubtedly to be 
preferred to the production of bacon 
hogs. There is a good demand for 
such hogs, and the corn belt is especial¬ 
ly adapted for the production of the 
type, both in the abundant supply of 
corn available for feed and in the pres¬ 
ent stock found in the region. The 
points which the butcher demands of the 
fat hog are a large shoulder a large 
ham, and a thick layer of fat. In 
selecting breeding animals in the corn 
belt, therefore these points should not 
be overlooked. The shoulders should 
be broad, deep and smooth ; and the hind 
quarters should exhibit the same quali¬ 
ties. The sides and back should be 
evenly covered with fat, and in market 
animals this layer should be deep, al¬ 
though breeding animals should not be 
in very high condition. The hair 
should be fine, the skin soft, and the 
whole body smooth, especially in sows, 
as these things indicate fineness and ex¬ 
cellence of flesh. The bone should be 
fine and hard. Boars may be, indeed 
they should be coarser, especially about 
the head, neck, and shoulders. These 
distinctly sex characters increase with 
age. Such, in brief, are the characters 
in swine which the butcher can cash 
in for profit. 
In addition to these, there are some 
things which are of importance to the 
breeder and feeder, although the butcher 
cannot realize anything on them. One 
of them has been hinted at above in 
mentioning sex characters. These 
should be pronounced. In the sow the 
quality should be fine. The body should 
be long and the hips should be wide, 
in order that there may be room for the 
pigs to be developed and to be born. 
There should be 12 teats situated well 
forward on the belly; and none of them 
should be “blind,” since such teats usual¬ 
ly produce no milk. The boar should 
also be long. He should be vigorous 
and aggressive. The head, neck and 
shoulders should incline to roughness, 
as indicating well-developed masculin¬ 
ity. He should be deep and broad just 
back of the elbows, because these char¬ 
acters show constitution. This is also 
true of the sow for the same reason. 
The importance of constitution and vigor 
cannot be overestimated. Both the boar 
and the sow should be long, broad, 
deep and low. The bone should be 
strong and the pasterns straight and 
strong. If these structures be weak, 
the great weight which fattening hogs 
take on in a few months, or the great 
size which boars and sows attain when 
fully grown, will cause them to break 
down. The face should be broad and 
the expression quiet, except for the ag¬ 
gressive look characteristic of good 
males. The actions in general should 
indicate a quiet disposition, as only 
such make good feeders. Above all in 
selecting for breeding should be put con¬ 
stitutional vigor. Especially should it 
be put above “fancy” points. 
H. E. MERN. 
A YELLOW OLEO TAX. 
The papers have stated recently that 
the Treasury Department has compro¬ 
mised with manufacturers of oleo and 
accepted a greatly reduced fine for sell¬ 
ing the colored product. The facts are 
as follows: 
Under the law, oleo is taxed one- 
quaiter of a cent per pound when not 
artificially colored so that it looks like 
butter. When it is colored in this way, 
the tax is 10 cents a pound. The great 
problem of the oleo manufacturers for 
the past 10 years has been to find some 
oil of a dark yellow color which would 
not be prohibited from use by the gov¬ 
ernment, either by reason of its un¬ 
health ftilness or its color. All sorts 
of oils have been used, and much money 
was spent in attempting to find such 
an oil. All efforts proved fruitless, un¬ 
til finally a cotton oil company in Ken¬ 
tucky claimed to have produced by a 
secret process a cotton oil which car¬ 
ried very high color. The oleo manu¬ 
facturers applied to the government for 
permission to use this oil in coloring 
their oleo so as to pay the one-quarter 
cent per pound. The government com¬ 
mission found no artificial coloring 
matter in this oil, but it told the manu¬ 
facturers that such oil was artificially 
treated or colored, and gave no per¬ 
mission or immunity in the matter. In 
191). colored oleo began to appear in 
the market, paying a tax of only one- 
quarter cent per pound. Samples of 
such colored oleo were examined in 1912 
and found to be artificially colored, 
sulphur being used for the purpose. It 
then developed that the oil said to be 
produced by a secret process was made 
by blowing the fumes of sulphur 
through the hot oil. This gave a bright 
yellow color to the oil, and the sulphur 
was then either blown or washed out 
of it. 
It was this material that was used to 
color the oleo, and the next question 
arose as to whether this could be called 
artificial coloring or not. It appeared 
that great quantities of oleo bad been 
treated in this way; so much, in fact, 
that the difference in tax between one- 
quarter of a cent and 10 cents a pound 
•would amount to $1,246,628.62; part of 
this manufacturers offered to compro¬ 
mise on the basis of a little less than 
10 per cent, of the fine. A committee 
was appointed by Congress, the major¬ 
ity of which recommended accepting this 
compromise, while a minority advised a 
test case at law to settle the matter. 
Franklin McVeagh, former Secretary of 
the Treasury, finally accepted a com¬ 
promise. and the manufacturers paid 
$123-,000 in fines or about 10 per cent, 
of the total. 
Brain Trouble in Pig 
What can I do for my pig and what 
ails it? It is a nice pig, about 11 weeks 
old, at first it sat up and went backwards. 
To my judgment this indicated kidney 
worms, so I drenched it repeatedly with 
soft soap. It got all right but now as 
soon as. some of us go near it it jumps up 
and round and round it goes in a small 
circle just as fast as its legs can go. 
When put to feed it eats a bite or two, 
and goes a few more rounds. Is there 
any help for it? a. 
Ohio. 
Kidney worms do not cause such symp¬ 
toms, nor do they cause a hog to lose 
the power of its hind legs as erroneously 
supposed by stockmen. A brain lesion is 
present in the case described, and it may 
have come from an attack of apoplexy, from 
a blow, or from the presence of a parasitic 
hydatid (cystV in the brain. Chances of 
recovery are poor. Feed milk, middlings and 
limewater and physic the pig with castor 
oil in milk. a. s. a. 
LABEL 
■’ilWililltli 
DANA’S EAR LABELS 
Are stamped with any name or address with serial 
numbers. They are simple, practical and a distinct 
and reliable mark. Samples free. Agents wanted. 
C.H. DANA, 74 Main St.,West Lebanon, N.H 
A $90-700 lb. 
“STANDARD sep" a wr 
For 56.50 Spot Cash 
You can’t beat our prices on the“sTANBARi>” 
Separator. You can’t beat "STAjtDABD”' quality. 
Mail Order Price but Not 
a Mail Order Product 
Capao* Onr R©*?. 
ity. Oiler Price 
fc, - 5001b. $47.50 $ 75 
H L 700 lb. $56.50 $ 90 
900 1b. $63.50 $100 
Sold Only 
Through Dealers 
Guaranteed to last as 
long and skim as close 
as any hand separator 
* ” made. Try itfree on 
yourown farm. Our 
money back guar¬ 
antee goes with 
every machine. 
See the “standard” at your 
dealex’sorwriteforCatalog AF 
Standard Separator Co., iwtu°kee. B vv & 
————. ————mM 
The kind that bring the cows. 
V/Ollie mpS NELSON’S, Grove City, Pa. 
Millr Prndirrprc for New York City market 
lullit rruuuiers desiring information how to 
form branches of the Dairymen’s League, write to 
the Secretary. Albert M.A5txisa Otisville, N. Y. 
CATTLE 
/'Calves Without Milk\ 
Cost only half as much as the milk 
raised calves. Increase your 
profits by using 
Blatcliford’s Calf Meal 
The perfect milk substi¬ 
tute—the best since 1800. 
Write ( today for free 
book. “How to Raise 
Calves.” Your name and ad¬ 
dress on a postal is enough. 
Blatchford’s 
Calf Meal 
Factory 
Waukegan, I It 
CATTLE 
IF YOU WANT A GUERNSEY BULL 
WRITE FOR OUR SALES UST 
A11 ages; best of stock; prices very iow. This is a 
chance for you to begin right and improve your herd. 
BELLMATH FARMS, H. C. Crocker & Son, Box C. Sennett, N.V. 
If You Want Guernseys ! s, d t ,o o V b ^? a »£w IS Y0«K 
GUERNSEY BREEDERS’ ASSOCIATION, Box 96. Peekskill, N. Y. 
GRADE HOLSTEINS 
60 Extra Fine, Large, Heavy Milking Cows 
All young, nicely marked and due 
to freshen within sixty days. 
IF YOU WANT GOOD ONES COME AND SEE THESE COWS 
F. P. SAUNDERS & SON, Cortland, N. Y. 
HAVE SEVERAL THOROUGHBRED REGISTERED 
HOLSTEIN YEARLING BULLS 
for sale cheap at farmer’s prices. All well grown, 
ready for immediate service, perfectly marked, well 
bred and guaranteed right in every particular. 
P. B. McLennan, - Syracuse, N. Y. 
SWI3XTE 
] 
F or Berk shire Service Boars 
inquire HUBBELL BROS., FISHS EDDY, N. Y. 
M aple bowstock farm ayrshjres 
Stock of all ages for gale from good producers. 
Herd established in 1882. Correspondence solicited, 
F. H. COOKINGHAM, CHERRY CREEK. N. Y. 
Foil Bl..<kd Bcrk,hire Pig, 
s 
HELDON FARM registered Durocs. Pigs of both sex 
Bred Sows. Service Boars. Best of breeding 
C. K. BARNES. Oxford, N. V. 
Mammoth Tamworth SWINE 
Two gilts of August farrow; weight, 200' lbs. 
each. Pigs equal to best of this or any 
other breed. From championship stock. 
WILLQWDALE FARM, H. S. Green, POWHATAN. OHIO 
JUST DROPPED 
Eighteen Mere of Those Berkshire Pigs 
(two litters.) Price, $10, at eight weeks old. Also 
a splendid boar, farrowed Oct. 10,1912. Price, 320.09. 
Several Jersey BULLS 
are all ready to drop off at your station at very low 
prices. Ages, from two years down to a few weeks. 
J, GRANT MORSE, Laurel Farm, Hamilton, N. Y. 
OLL1N5’JERSEY RED 
thebest 
You get finest Jersey Red 
Pigs at cost of common stock by 
our New Sales Offer. 
New Illustrated' Catalog FREE. 
YMEKT 
Your name on a postal card 
will bring information about 
THE WONDERFUL 
GUERNSEY 
COW 
Write 
The American Guernsey Cattle Club 
Box Y PETERBORO, N. H. 
Breed Up-Not DownToT y ,.ri,S'S 
buy. Superior dairy dams. No better sires. B. F. 
SHANNON. 907 Liberty Street, Pittsburg, Pa. 
Holstein-Friesian Bull Calves fo^LV^^al 
offer. THE GATES HOMESTEAD FARM, Cbittenanno, N. Y. 
E leven registered hglstein 
HEIFER CALVES, $1,000. Holstein Bull 
Calves from heavy producing stock, $3Q to 3100. A 
few grade cows and heifers. We have some bar¬ 
gains in Percheron stallions. Southdown ewes and 
poultry. Tompkins Co. Breeders' Journal, with sale- 
list of pure-bred stock. 2oeents per year. Copy fvee 
TOMPKINS CO. BREEDERS' ASS’N. Box B. Trumansburo, N. Y. 
flNTARIO PIETER ME HE UK— Holstein Bulk bom Oct. 6,191*. 
V Nearly all white. Sired by a grandeon of King Segla and 
Homestead Oirl De Kol Sarcastic Lad. Dam of sire teats 1 .12. 
Price *100. First check gets him. Send fbr pedigree. 
CLOVERDALE FARM. - CHARLOTTE, N. Y. 
AT FARMER’S PRICE 
A Thoroughbred Guernsey Bull for sale, ready for 
service. Dairy type. For particulars, write 
MANAGER HILLTOP FARMS. 135 West 14tb Street. New York 
r|jn C A I !■— r ^ wo bandsornertRiktered. Hol«C*u> yearlinc 
rUn vALk bulla sired by Oakhurit Paul DeKol Aaggle, 
No. 66,977, one mo6lly white, from bea-vy mtfkisiw* vigorous, 
young cows. Also a few registered male cnlves by Colonel Korn- 
dykeDeKol y No. 77,226, one of the beuCsona of Pontiac Korndjrfce, 
having 74 A. R. O. alatera,. 3 above 37 lbs. and 39 above 20 lbs. of 
butter in 7 days. A rai a opportunity to gee the bentx at a reason¬ 
able price. Morgan Farm, North Cuba, N* Y, 
REGISTERED 
Holstein Males 
all ages, at farmers’ prices. 
Can also spare a few cows. 
HILLHURST FARM, F. H. Rivenburgh, Prop., Munnsville, N. T. 
EAST RIVER HOLSTEINS 
...FOR SALE... 
70 Cows, grade Holstein, due to calve soon. The kind 
that dll the pail. 10 Registered 2 and 3 year old Heifers 
bred to good sires. 10 Registered Bulls ready for ser¬ 
vice, with extra good breeding. VO Registered Bull 
Calves. Most of these bulls have good A. R. O. Dams, 
and large record sires. 
BEI.L PHONE JOHN B. WEBSTER 
3U-F-5 Dept. R* Cortland. N. Y. 
SO 
S E S 
Adirondack Farms 
GLENS FALLS, N. Y. 
Springbank Berkshire Herd 
Has bred more high-class, hogs than any in Connec¬ 
ticut. Have sows bred for Spring litters and some 
Summer farrowed sow pigs that are right to be bred 
for next Summer farrow. Write me. Address, 
J. E. WATSON, PROP.,. MARBLE DALE, CONN. 
LARGE BERKSHIRES at HIGHWOOD 
We have for sale service boars, brood sows and 
pigs, all ages. These are sired by Berryton Duke’s 
Model, the boar that headed the first prize herd at 
the Koyal in 1909; Highwood Duke 75th, a half- 
brother to the Grand Champion boar, at the last In¬ 
ternational, and other boars of equal merit. 
B. C. & H, B. HARPENDING. Dundee, N. Y. 
Sunny Bank Farm Berkshires 
MARCH SPECIAL—10 Sow Pigs at *1-50; 5 bred 
Gilts at $10.09: 10 bred Sows at $25.09. Registered. 
A. F. JONES, P. O. Box 117, Bridgehampton, N. Y. 
Reg. P. Chinas, Berkshires, C. Whites. 
Fine, large strains; all ages, mated 
not akin. Bred sows service Boars. 
Jersey and Holstein Calves. Collie 
Pups. Beagles and Poultry . Write for 
prices & eiren lars. Ham—ton So Co.. Ercildoun, Pa 
The Greatest Breeding 
Establishment in the East. 
Imported and American 
bred Percheron,Belgian and 
Suifolk stallions and mares 
of unequalled quality, 
breeding, style ana action, 
a new importation of forty 
head. 
Why longer neglect the 
greatest possible source of 
profit on your farm. 
Better Horses, Better Farming, 
More Power, More Profits. 
Catalogue C, the finest ever, 
if you are interested. 
50 STALLIONS 
and MARES, $250 to $1000 each 
Write for my Illustrated 
Circular telling why I can save 
yon money on the purchase of a Per- 
cheroa or Belgian Stallion or Mare. 
A.W. Green, Middlefield, O. 
R. R. Sta., E. Orwell, on Penna. Ry. 
Midway between Ashtabala & Warren 
DERCHER0N STALLIONS, with quality guaranteed, at 
•farmer’s prices. BONNY BROOK FARM, Gardiner, N. Y. 
The School of Veterinary Medicine 
at the University of Pennsylvania 
trains students in all lines of veterinary work. Fa¬ 
cilities unexcelled. For catalog, address LOUIS A. 
KLEIN, Dean, Dept. E, 39tli and Woodland Ave., 
Philadelphia, 
SHETLAND PONIES 
An unc«asiug source of pleasure ami rebnat bsalth tochildran. 
S&ft and id«*L playmates. Inexpensive to keep. Highest type. 
Complete outfits. Satisfaction guaranteed. Illustrated Cats* 
loguo. BE LUC MJEADii FARM, Bos 20, Markham, Ya. 
PUREBRED REGISTERED 
HOLSTEIN CATTLE 
29,591.4 lbs. of milk in a year is a new world's record 
recently made by a Massachusetts Holstein. Six days 
after the test ended she passed the 30,000 lb. mark. 
She finished her test weighing practioally the same 
as when she started, a little over 1,500 lbs. and gave this 
large Uow of milk apparently very easily, without being 
foroed in feeding. 
To be money makers your caws must be tireless workers 
with the vitality characteristio of the Holstein breed. 
Send for our Fret Illustrated Deieriptio* Booklets. 
HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN ASS'N. ». L HOUGHTON. StcY. Bo* 105. Brattleboro, Vt. 
