460 
STHI5 RURAL, NEW -YORKER. 
March 29, 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[ Every query must he accompanied by the 
name and address of the writer to insure 
attention. Before asking r. question, please see 
whether it is not answered in our advertising 
columns. Ask only a few questions at one time. 
Put questions on a separate piece of paper.] 
Cow Peas and Crimson Clover. 
E. C. A., Washington Grove, Md .—Can 
you tell me the probable result of sow¬ 
ing Crimson clover seed with cow peas 
about Juno 1, the object being to use the 
clover as a fertilizer crop the following 
Spring? Would the peas shade the clover 
too much? 
Ans. —The peas would smother the 
clover out, and June 1 is too early to 
sow the clover in any event. You can 
cut the peas for hay in August and disk 
the stubble lightly and sow the clover 
seed and roll it. Sow not less than 15 
pounds an acre. Crimson clover is al¬ 
ways sown here in August unless sown 
on buckwheat. It is a common practice 
with some to sow a crop of buckwheat 
in late July and then sow Crimson clover 
on it. The buckwheat seems to give 
just about the shade needed to protect 
the young clover from the sun. 
W. F. MASSEY. 
Land Plaster for Potatoes. 
After reading much in The R. N.-Y. 
about lime making potatoes scabby I was 
wondering if laud plaster had any in¬ 
jurious effect on them also. We have some 
fairly dry land, a gravelly loam that can 
be worked to good advantage for potatoes. 
In order to obtain moisture in time of 
drought vve were advised to use land plaster 
mixed with the fertilizer. What would 
you advise in such a case? W. s. 
Ballston Spa, N. Y. 
The land plaster will not cause scab 
like the lime. The plaster is sulphate 
of lime and not so alkaline as the lime 
is. The plaster might help a little to hold 
moisture, but there would not be enough 
of this effect from an ordinary applica¬ 
tion to amount to much. 
Peat on Clay Soil. 
V. M. 11., Cuyahoga Falls, O .—Give me 
the chemical analysis of peat, and would 
the application of several hundred pounds 
of peat to the acre on run-down clay 
ground be valuable as a fertilizer, or would 
it require some other chemicals with it? 
Ans. —Peat or muck varies consider¬ 
ably in composition. An average sam¬ 
ple contains about as much nitrogen as 
ordinary manure, though this nitrogen 
is not usually available until well fer¬ 
mented. You will see that “several hun¬ 
dred pounds” of peat on an acre would 
not give a mouthful of plant food. Ten 
tons at least of well fermented muck 
should be used to the acre. The muck 
or peat contains very little of either 
potash or phosphoric acid, and these 
should be added. You should have cur 
little pamphlet on plant food wastes. 
Chemicals on Clover Sod. 
C. E. TNewport, Pa ,—I have about six 
acres of clover sod that I wish to plant 
In corn. The land is a northern slope 
on the top of a ridge, and is of clayey 
nature, sour parts being wet, but is under- 
drained. The clover was cut for hay, 
and the second growth mowed and left 
on the ground. This land has yielded 
18 bushels wheat per acre. What would 
you consider a good fertilizer, and how 
much do you think could be used profit¬ 
ably per acre, supposing the corn to be 
put out properly and well cultivated? I 
shall use my manure on other ground. 
Ans. —Such a clover sod will furnish 
a large amount of nitrogen. It is in 
the organic form, not readily available 
until the soil grows warm. In their 
earlier growth the potatoes need nitrate 
or available nitrogen. All the nitrogen 
you need to use in such a case is a small 
quantity of nitrate of soda, which will 
give what is needed early in the season. 
It will pay to use potash and phosphoric 
acid also. You can use a fertiliser con¬ 
taining potash and phosphoric acid and 
add 100 pounds nitrate of soda or mix 
the following: 100 pounds nitrate, 400 
acid phosphate and 100 muriate or sul¬ 
phate of potash. This in the drill ought 
to give a good potato crop on that soil. 
Value of New Seedling Apple. 
We are often approached by men who 
have found a new apple—evidently a seed¬ 
ling and of really superior quality. Such 
men often feel that they have in the new 
apple something that ought to be worth 
as much as a patent. It is often hard 
to convince them that an unknown man, 
without reputation as a scientist or fruit 
grower, cannot hope to make a fortune 
out of a new variety. Some new varieties 
may be worth more to the world than a 
patent, yet it is almost impossible to dis¬ 
pose of such a fruit to advantage. A new 
berry variety may be worth considerable 
money, for it's quality is quickly, decided and 
a nurseryman can turn over large numbers 
of plants in the first year or two of in¬ 
troduction. A man of long experience and 
national reputation may sell a new variety 
on his word, but the ordinary grower can¬ 
not hope for large returns. This question 
keeps coming to us: “What should a nur¬ 
seryman pay for a superior new apple 
variety ?" 
Ans. —Buying a seedling apple with 
the intention of introducing it as a new 
variety is buying a “pig in the poke.” 
Not less than three thousand apples have 
been introduced to the trade in the 
United States in the last hundred } r ears. 
Scarcely a score of these are largely 
grown. Many difficulties beset the profit¬ 
able introduction of a new variety of 
fruit. Nurserymen more often lose than 
make in the venture. The finder of a 
seedling apple, even though it have much 
promise, need not expect much for it. 
The owner of the new variety will find 
nurserymen loath to buy at any price 
unless the apple is exceptionally fine. 
Arrangements between originators and 
nurserymen vary greatly, but nearly all 
seedlings of new fruits are bought out¬ 
right. Now and then the original owner 
of the seedling is given a royalty. In 
either case the price paid is not often 
large. The fact is, the great majority 
of seedlings offered to nurserymen are 
worthless. The amount of the matter 
is that the financial returns for new 
fruits are so small that the man who 
originates them or who finds them must 
under present conditions introduce them 
as a matter of philanthropy rather than 
with the expectation of making money. 
(PROF.) U. P. HEDRICK. 
Massachusetts Fruit Growers. 
The annual meeting for the election of 
officers and other business of the Massachu¬ 
setts Fruit Growers’ Association was held 
in Worcester March 12. The forenoon was 
taken up by two lectures. The first was by 
Archer N. Tuttle of Warren on his personal 
everyday experience on an orchard of 5,000 
trees. He stated that everything is not a 
bed of roses in growing and bringing up 
an orchard, and that one must expect many 
disappointments before success is finally 
obtained. Success only comes in this busi¬ 
ness, as in many others, through hard 
work and perseverance. The second lec¬ 
ture was by Dr. H. J. Wheeler formerly 
of the Masachusetts Agricultural College. 
The subject was lime as an orchard fer¬ 
tilizer. His statements on this subject 
were very sensible and reasonable. He does 
not believe in the too common policy of 
experiment stations and other high author¬ 
ities making the statements they many 
times do in regard to the use of lime, 
or rather the indiscriminate use, and ad¬ 
vice to use on all soils without first find¬ 
ing out just what form is needed by each 
individual soil, and what crop is ‘ to be 
raised, as some crops are benefited by 
proper use of lime much more than others. 
He stated that peaches and Bartlett pears 
were not much or any benefited by its 
use, while quinces and currants were, and 
apples also in some cases. Ground lime¬ 
stone is best as the rule on light soils in 
need of lime, and one to two tons to the 
acre could be used on these to good effect. 
The slaked lime works better on heavy 
soil on account of its quicker action than 
the ground limestone. Strawberries are 
sometimes benefited by a light application 
of lime, muskmelons give much larger yield 
if lime is used than when it is not used, 
but watermelons grow all right without. 
Many questions were thrown at the lec¬ 
turer after the lecture, and much was 
learned by this, as many points come from 
afterthoughts that are very useful. One 
man stated he used one ton of nitrate 
of soda on an acre of asparagus, and 
got a great crop. Dr. Wheeler told him 
that 500 pounds would have been quite 
enough, and that he wasted the excess he 
used above this amount, but he could not 
seem to understand it that way. Yet this 
is just the point to know, just how much 
to use to get a good crop, and not use 
a pound above this required amount, sim¬ 
ply because we cannot afford to do it; that 
is, use any more than is necessary. 
After a short recess the business meet¬ 
ing was held and the following officers 
were elected, or rather most of them were 
re-elected: President, Harold L. Frost, Ar¬ 
lington ; vice-president, Prof. F. C. Sears, 
Amherst; secretary and treasurer, F. How¬ 
ard Brown, Marlboro; and W. W. Moore, 
Worcester, and 23 directors; 940 members 
are now on the books. 75 of these are out 
of State members, and 35 are ladies. Total 
expenses for past year $1,026.40; income. 
$1,065.13. President Frost, in his speech 
of acceptance, said he believed heartily in 
local cooperation and then in larger co¬ 
operation. lie also believed that many 
going into the fruit growing business with 
little knowledge and experience, but simply 
because they had been told that great 
profits were to be made in the business, 
were bound to fail. 
The subject of deer damage was discussed 
and will be taken up later, also the 
question of hunters and city people tres¬ 
passing and destroying country property. 
Much indignation is felt at present laws 
and actions on this subject, and if taken 
up by this society and others, many of 
these abuses may be stopped. Individual 
effort is of no use whatever along this 
line, but united action may accomplish a 
whole lot. The question of proper grad¬ 
ing, packing and labeling of market fruit 
was touched on, and this will receive more 
attention in the future, as it is one of the 
most important parts of the business, and 
affects the profits of this business to a 
great extent. Some believed that the pres- - 
ent system of taxation, that is the in- ' 
creasing the taxes on land which is im- ! 
proved by planting orchards, is wrong, I 
as the land was of little value before, and 
to tax it high, just because trees were 
planted was not an encou ragmen t to fruit 
growing. Many believe that orchard grow¬ 
ing is a benefit to the consuming public 
and should be encouraged. 
The following prominent public] mrh. 
members of this association, have died in 
the past year; J. II. Gregory, Jonathad 
Fames and George Cruickshanks. 
DWARF 
APPLE 
TREES 
Have been our specialty for 
four years and we now offer 
25 varieties of first quality stock 
at wholesale prices. Send for Freo 
Catalogue and bargain price list. 
We sell direct from the nur¬ 
series — all varieties. Apple, 
Pear, Plum, Cherry, Peach 
Trees, Grape Vines, Small 
Fruits and Ornamental Stock. 
W. L. McKAY, Prop. Van Dusen Nurseries, Box R, GENEVA, N.Y. 
1878Grown Right .Handled Right1913 
FRUIT TREE BULLETIN 
Gives you the whole story of the nur¬ 
sery business in Western New York, and 
tells you nil about buying, planting and 
growing trees. Write for free ropy today. 
KING BROS. NURSERIES 
8 Oak St,. Dansville, N. Y» 
"IPs Cheapest to Buy the Best “ 
x mm 
Connecticut Grown Trees 
Now is the time to place your order for Spring 
delivery. We have a full line of all kind of Fruit 
trees. Apples, Pears, Poach, Cherry, Plum and 
Quince, as well as all the Ornamental trees, Shrub- 
berry, Berry and Hedge plants. Our trees are Con¬ 
necticut grown, and yon buy direct from the Nur¬ 
sery. No middle man. Guaranteed to be free from 
all scale or disease. Write for our Catalogue and 
Information Book, gives full instructions as to the 
care of trees from the time you receive them. 
Address The STEPHEN HOYT’S SONS CO., New Canaan, Conn. 
“BLACK’S QUALITY” 
FRUIT TREES 
NONE BETTER 
None Give Better Returns when They Fruit 
Send for our list that we can ship by 
Parcel Post 
which delivers to your door. 
PEACH and 
a specialty. 
APPLE TREES 
CATALOGUE FREE 
JOS. H. BLACK, SON & CO. 
HIGHTSTOWN, N. J. 
WRITE for a copy of oar Sev¬ 
enty-third Annual Catalogue of 
the Most Complete Nursery Stock in 
America. Strong, well developed 
trees and plants, free from 
defects and parasites. A 
square deal to every 
buyer. SAVE 
AGENT’S 
PROFITS. 
Free 
Catalogue 
V, 
Write 
lor Catalog oi 
Guaranteed Fruit Trees 
Guaranteed true to name-well rooted and 
hardv—free from disease — one-half tree 
agents’ prices. WE TAKE ALL RISK IN 
SHIPPING, and guarantee arrival in good 
condition. Not a dissatisfied customer last 
vear Freight paid on orders of $T.50 and 
ov«: All varieties, fresh dug from the 
soil. Rapid growers. 
WRITE TO-DAY for handsome. Ulus- 
trated catalog. Fullof expert advice.^ 
WM. P. RUPERT & SON, 
Box 20, 
Seneca, N. Y. 
BOTHERED 
WITH SCALE? 
The oneabsolute- 
ly sure spray for 
San Jose is 
“Scalecide.” Used 
in the best orchards 
everywhere. En¬ 
dorsed by Experiment Sta¬ 
tions. Will keep your trees 
cleanandhealthy and make them 
yield number one fruit. Better 
than lime sulphur. Easy to handle. Will not clog 
or corrode the pump or injure the skin. ‘'Scalecide” 
has no substitute. OUR SERVICE DEPART¬ 
MENT furnishes everything for the orchard. 
Write today to Department “N” Tor new hook 
—“Pratt's Hand Book for Fruit Growers” 
and “Scalecide" the Tree Saver. Both free. 
B. G. PRATT CO., 50 Church Street, New York City 
MILLIONS of TREES 
PLANTS, VINES, ROSES, ETC. 
The oldest, largest and most complete nursery in 
Michigan. Send for catalog. Prices reasonable 
I. E. ILGENFRITZ’ SONS CO. 
THE MONROE NUU8ERY, MONROE, MICH. 
450000 TREES 
200 Varieties. Also Grapes, Small Fruits, etc. Boat 
rooted stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample currants mailed for 10c 
Catalog free. LEWIS ROESCH & SON, Box K, Frcdonia* 1*. Y. 
America's Star Roses 
GUARANTEED. 360 of 
the lies t Roses for Amer¬ 
ica. Vigorous, own-root 
plants. 11 leaders shown 
in natural colors. Full 
data how to select, 
plant, prune and grow. 
Write to~day for this book 
with FrekPki.ivkky Oppkr. 
The Con&rd & Jones Co. 
Box . West Grove, Pa. 
Rons Specialists—60 yearn" experience 
ZVFRUIT TREES 
I _ are the 
X. M W jt. / QUA 
Key toSuccess 
QUALITY THE BEST 
PRICES RIGHT 
Illn.tr.ted Catalog free. SA11UKI, 
IS Main SL.QE.VKSEO, N. Y. 
TREES 
CATALOGUE FREE. 
—150 ACRES. Genesee 
Valley grown. “ Not the 
cheapest, but the best." 
No San Jose Scale. 
Established 1869. 
Geo. A. Sweet Nursery Co.. 
20 Maple Street, Oansville, N. Y. 
McIntosh apple, $12.00 pep 100 
and all other varieties of r T' ¥"J VJ* O 
Apple, Pear, Plum, Cherry, I fC (V W\ ^ 
Peach, Berry Plants, etc. * 
Send for Free Catalogue today. _ 
L’Amoreaux Nursery Co., Schoharie, N. Y. 
10 FRUIT TREES 
Worth $1.50 for 95 cents 
1 Shekel Pear 1 Bing Cherry 1 Mclntoah Apple 
1 Bartlett Pear 1 Montmorency 1 Delicious Apple 
1 Niagara Peach 1 Abundance Plum 1 Orange Quince 
1 Heine Claude Plum 
A11 trees first class, 2 yr., 4 to 5 ft. high, for 95 cents. 
Write for free illustrated catalogue and send list of 
your wants for special prices, freight paitl. 
F.W. Weill' Wholesale Nurseries, Box 1, Dansville, N. Y. 
FREE 
Book on Grape Culture 
Instructions for planting, cultivating 
and pruning; also descriptions of best 
varieties for vineyard or home garden. Profusely illu9 
trated. Issued by the largest growers of grape vines ant 
■mall fruits in the country. Millions of vines for sale 
T. S. HUBBARD CO., Box 34, Frodonla, N. Y. 
ABOUt£THE COST^REDUCER’V^ee^o^^TURDY 
This booklet will save mone y for you. It tells allH 
about our LAKliSHORE GROWN Nursery Stock ^ 
Hardy—Early Bearing-Guaranteed. LAKESHORE NURSERIES, Box IIO, Girard, Pa. 
1847 
FRUIT TREES 
1913 
Onr Free catalog shows why successful Fruit Growers plant our trees, 
g y £ ST I N S —'^ n - c - 10 * c - varieties for various localities, after care, etc., in 
booklet form, sent free on request 
It's all in the care 
Watch Wiley's trees bear 
get our catalog now H. S. Wiley & Son, 27 Beach St., Cayuga, N. Y. 
This Catalog Saves YouMoney 
16 Trees and Plants $1.00 
1 Elboita Peach. 1 Harvest Apple, 1 Bartlett Bear, 1 Winter 
A ppio—Baldwin, 1 Montmorency Sour Cherry, 1 ()xheart Sweet 
Cherry, I Orange Quince, 1 Maloney Prune. All 4 ft. high. 
GRAPES: 1 Concord, blue; 1 Delaware, red. DUKHAN IS: l 
Perfection, red; 1 White Grape, best white, 4 Pieplant roots. 
Each tree and plant perfect. All for SI.00. Write today for FR.EI5 
wholesale, illustrated catalogue of Guaranteed True-to-Name 
Trees. 300 Acres. 29 years growing troos. 
MALONEY BROS. & WELLS CO., 125 Main St., Donsvlllo, Now York 
Dansville’s Pioneer Wholesale Nurseries 
Kelly’s TREES 
HERE IS YOUR OPPORTUNITY 
To liuy the Famous Kelly Quality Peach and 
Apple Trees at low Prices. 
In order to introduce Kelly Quality to growers in all sections of the country, we make 
very special prices on nil orders for Peach and Apple Trees received immediately. 
This will give every fruit grower in the land a chance to find out for himself that 
KELLY QUALITY is real QUALITY ; that KELLY VAKIKTIKS are MONKY MAKKKS. 
Write at once for catalogue aud take advantage of this oiler. 
Kelly Bros*. IMAirsories 
54 MAIN STItKKT, - - - DANSVILLE. NEW YORK 
You’ll Never Regret Planting Kelly Trees 
