-A©4 
the; rural, new-yorkek 
April 5. 
“THE DRONE TREE.” 
Improvement Through Bud Selection. 
Part III. 
It is understood that these notes re¬ 
fer entirely to the behavior of Citrus 
trees. We are not now discussing ap¬ 
ples or pears. These studies refer to 
oranges, lemons and grape fruit growers 
in California. It is beyond question 
that Mr. Shamel has demonstrated the 
fact that there are many drone trees in 
these groves. That is sure. It now 
remains to be demonstrated whether 
these drones really represent what we 
would call runts or scrubs in animals 
and whether they can be “bred up” by 
the introduction of “new blood” or bud¬ 
ding from trees which have been found 
to be of true and uniform type. Let 
Mr. Shamel tell his own story about 
bud variation: 
“The most astonishing and striking 
fact disclosed in our studies, and of 
tremendous importance in the propaga¬ 
tion of Citrus trees, is the frequency 
and character of bud variations in Cit¬ 
rus fruits. These are variations in type 
of trees and fruit, such as would come 
under the head of bud sprouts or so- 
called bud mutations. The Eureka 
Ranch Washington Navel orange grove, 
where most of our navel orange work 
has been done, of about 150 acres, is 
generally considered to be the most 
uniform grove of its kind in the State. 
The fruit is extremely uniform, and 
there is a complete absence of variable 
types. This is one reason why this 
grove was selected for this work. Our 
study of the trees in this grove has re¬ 
vealed the presence of seven frequently 
occurring types of the Washington 
Navel orange. Five of these types are 
unproductive, bearing low grade, un¬ 
desirable and unproductive fruit. Out 
of about 13,500 trees we have located 
about one thousand trees of these un¬ 
desirable types, which were rebudded, 
using buds from select trees of the 
standard type. These rebudded trees do 
not represent all of the undesirable type 
trees present in this grove. Only the 
most striking and certain cases of un¬ 
desirable type trees were rebudded. 
The striking feature of this condition 
lies in the fact that the trees in this 
grove were propagated from buds, but 
shortly removed from the two parent 
navel trees. Bud sprouts as represented 
in the off type of trees, were found in 
thousands of instances, showing - as 
single branches in otherwise standard 
type trees, and in our breeding plots 
where all individual fruits are closely 
studied as single fruits in standard type 
trees. 
“In this work we use the type of 
fruit borne by trees as an indicator of 
the probable behavior of buds cut from 
the trees. Is this not a reasonable as¬ 
sumption? We found many trees in 
this grove bearing naturally all seven 
of the general types of the navel orange. 
Not more than 10 per cent., probably 
less, of the trees of the standard Wash¬ 
ington Navel type in this grove are free 
from off type fruits. This frequent 
and striking condition cannot be ex¬ 
plained on any other grounds than that 
of bud variation. These variable types 
of navel orange, when occurring singly 
in the trees, are not easily or usually 
seen on the tree. It is only when the 
fruit from these trees is handled and 
inspected closely during the grading, 
counting or other performance record 
processes that their presence is dis¬ 
closed. In the usual practice of bud 
cutting from such trees even with the 
fruit on the trees, these bud sprouts 
have been overlooked. When we find 
as we do, hundreds and thousands of 
instances of single off-type fruits, or of 
branches of off-type fruits, in trees 
from which buds have been cut, and 
find entire trees bearing wholly these 
same off types in the orchards propa¬ 
gated from such buds, do we not have 
a reasonable explanation for the propa¬ 
gation and the presence of these off- 
type trees in our orchards ? There is 
not a Citrus grower or propagator in 
the State who has visited our work and 
had these conditions pointed out to them 
but has agreed that such is the case. 
“In studying the trees in a large 
orchard of Eureka lemons we found a 
similar condition of affairs. Several 
types of Eureka trees and fruits were 
observed. One. the standard Eureka 
type tree, is marvelously productive, 
every branch being loaded with, blos¬ 
soms, small and large fruits in all 
stages of development at all times of 
the year. Another type is made up of 
large, thrifty trees that at first sight 
would seem to be superior to all other 
trees in the grove. A close inspection 
reveals the fact that these trees are 
nearly fruitless. A third type has com¬ 
pact growing trees covered densely with 
foliage and apparently an extremely 
thrifty and desirable type of tree, but 
on close inspection found to be almost 
barren. Last June in an intensive tree 
by tree study of this grove by four of us, 
for the purpose of marking the off-type 
trees for rebudding, we were ac¬ 
companied by a pet cocker spaniel dog. 
The days were hot and as we walked 
up and down the long rows of trees, 
the little dog became tired and hot. He 
would race ahead of the party and rest 
under the shade of a tree until we 
caught up with him, when he would re¬ 
peat this maneuver. He always stopped 
to rest under the dense fruitless shady 
type of trees. He never made a mis¬ 
take ; never stopped under the open, 
spreading, fruitful type trees. We were 
at first interested, then amused and 
highly diverted by the regularity and 
certainty of the dog’s instinct in pick¬ 
ing out the dense growing shaded tree 
in order to cool off and rest. We 
naturally agreed to call this type the 
shade tree lemon type, as it is better 
suited for shade or ornamental planting 
than for fruit bearing purposes. We 
have since visited lemon groves that 
are almost wholly set with the shade 
tree type. 
“Other types are mainly conspicuous 
by reason of peculiar shaped fruits, 
some of them bottle-shaped, others seed¬ 
less or nearly so, and still others bear¬ 
ing thick skinned, rough and frequently 
deeply creased fruits. One of the off- 
type Eureka lemons is fairly productive, 
but bearing rough, thick-skinned fruits, 
and produces the most of the crop dur¬ 
ing the Winter months. In order to 
show the prevalence of some of these 
undesirable and unproductive poor 
types, the owners of this grove located 
on the Chase plantations have already 
re-budded about three thousand of the 
most striking off-type trees out of a 
total of about 16,000, to the standard 
fruitful productive type of the Eureka 
variety.” 
Tiie American Florist says that tomatoes 
were shipped to the United States from 
I/os Mochis, in the State of Sinaloa, Mexico, 
by the American colony there, in November, 
or several weeks earlier than hitherto. 
This industry is rapidly growing and lie- 
coming of importance. Expectations for 
this season call for exportation of some 
400 carloads of tomatoes and at least 
20 carloads of cantaloupes. 
Whkn you write advertisers mention The 
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
SPRAYING TIME 
Spraying time is here. Yon can got more and hot¬ 
ter crops by spraying now and keeping at it. We 
can give you either hand or power sprayers, a'l 
kinds, all sizes. Wo have a little power outfit with 
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Do not buy power 'till you get our proposition on 
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R. WATERLOO ENGINE WORKS. 137 LIBERTY ST., N. Y. CITY 
-Dreer’s- 
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Farm Seeds 
’C'OR seventy-five years famous for 
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714 Chestnut St., PHILADELPHIA 
RAISE CORN 
At 12 c A BUSHEL 
This is what Mr. L. S. White of Connecticut did in The Coe - 
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You remember that the competition was for the most profitable acre 
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You probably remember also that The Coe-Mortimer Company had 
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This was all done by a disinterested committee from the Massachusetts 
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It cost Mr. White, just $42.50 to raise his corn. (Official figures.) 
The committee valued the 7733.9 pounds of stover produced at $8.00 
per ton, amounting to $30.93. 
The difference between $42.50 and $30.93 is $11.57; and this is 
what it cost Mr. White for the 97.9 Bushels of Shelled Corn (12% 
moisture) raised on his acre. (Official figures.) 
Figure it out for yourself: 97.9 Bushels of shelled Corn cost $1 1.57 
—One Bushel cost 1 1 8 10 cents; or in round numbers / 2 cents per Bushel. 
E. Frank Coe Fertilizers 
1857 
STANDARD FOR OVER FIFTY-FIVE YEARS 
1913 
Will help you to equal this record. Perhaps you can beat it 
Meanwhile you ought to be reading our fertilizer booklets and plan¬ 
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Write for our literature promptly and don’t forget to ask for a copy of 
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The Coe-Mortimer Company 
51 CHAMBERS STREET 
NEW YORK CITY 
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WHOLESALE 
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New Strawberries 
pin 
id ir 
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,1,000,000 
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50 Years in a Strawberry Patch | 
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, STRAWBERRY PRATT. Reading, Mass. 
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