1913. 
THE IXUJ RAb NEW-YOKKER 
M I 
In effect March 1, 1913, the N. Y. Milk 
Milk Exchange price was reduced 10 cents 
per 40-quart can, now being: I? (selected 
raw and pasteurized), $1.81 per 40-quart 
can ; <J (for cooking and manufacturing), 
$1.71, netting 3% and 3% cents to ship¬ 
pers in the 26-cent zone. 
The zones are, fixed by the Interstate 
Commerce Commission as follows : 23 cents 
for the first 40 miles from New York ; 20 
cents for the next 00 miles; 29 cents for 
the next 90 miles; beyond this, 32 cents. 
The railroads allow a discount for car lots 
of 10,000 quarts of 10 and 12% per cent. 
THE ROCHESTER MILK SUPPLY. 
(The following statement of the aims and 
purposes of the Western N. Y. Milk Pro¬ 
ducers’ Association was made by W. E. 
Dana, secretary of the association, at a 
meeting on March 21.] 
Our objects are to become acquainted, to 
keep ourselves informed as to market con¬ 
ditions, as to movements to formulate milk 
regulations, as to legislation affecting our 
Interests, to obtain just freight rates from 
the railroads, and the proper handling b'y 
them of our products, and to inform our¬ 
selves as to the best and most efficient way 
to conduct our business as milk producers. 
This association cannot and does not at¬ 
tempt to fix the price of milk. At our meet¬ 
ing on February 8, no resolution to fix 
the price of milk was passed, nor would 
such a motion or resolution have been en¬ 
tertained by the chair. In order to ascer¬ 
tain the price the producers were asking 
for their milk, each producer was asked to 
write on a slip of paper his name, the num¬ 
ber of quarts of milk he produced, and the 
price he asked for it. The slips were tab¬ 
ulated and result announced. It was clear¬ 
ly stated that this was simply a statement 
of price asked by individuals, and was not 
binding either on themselves or others, and 
that no agreement as to price was ex¬ 
pressed or implied, or was to be inferred 
from it. The secretary said in substance, 
“The price you ask for your milk Is to be 
determined by each of you individually. All 
we attempt to do as an association is to 
give you assistance in determining market 
conditions.” Milk has always been sold by 
members of this association at varying 
prices, without incurring penalties of any 
nature, or affecting the good standing of 
any member. 
The secretary has been subject to hostile 
criticism for his conservative views on the 
price of milk. The secretary and the 
great body of our producers agree that men 
engaged in producing an article of food of 
vital importance to the consuming public, 
are morally bonnd to sell it at the lowest 
price consistent with the cost of produc¬ 
tion. The New Jersey Experiment Station, 
in report for 1908 and 1909, gives the cost 
of producing clean milk, in their herd: 
cost of food 3.04 cents per quart, labor, 
interest, etc., 1.76 cents per quart, total 
cost per quart 4.8 cents. The Storrs Con¬ 
necticut Experimental Station bulletin of 
June. 1912, gives the cost of producing a 
quart of milk; average of five years’ work 
of their dairy at 4.5 cents per quart. The 
Massachusetts Station report for 1910, 
gives cost of producing clean milk based 
on results obtained from their herd: food 
cost 3.3 cents per quart, cost of housing, 
care, etc., 1.65 cents per quart, total cost 
4.95 cents per quart. Figures soou to be 
published by the New York Experiment 
Station will show a total cost of at least 
4.5 cents per quart. None of these esti¬ 
mates includes any charge for superintend¬ 
ents. A very successful estate manager, 
who has expert bookkeepers, and an efficient 
cost system, stdted that he doubted if clean, 
market milk could be produced for less 
than five cents per quart, that his figures 
showed a higher cost. A careful estimate, 
based on the experience of several pro¬ 
ducers, shows the Increased cost in operat¬ 
ing a dairy under contract to furnish 400 
quarts of milk per day. in Rochester, in 
the past four years to be: 
Increased charges for interest, in¬ 
surance, veterinary services, etc., 
on increased value of cows at 
$30 per head, number of cows in 
dairy 55, $1050—10%. $165.00 
Increased cost for cows purchased 
to maintain herd. Experience 
shows that rather more than 
1-5 of the cows in a milk ship¬ 
ping dairy are changed every 
year. This would give 11 cows 
at $25 a head increase. 275.00 
Increase in freight . 75.00 
Increased cost of purchased grain 100.00 
Increased cost of farm grown feed, 
caused by increase in value of 
farm lands—in taxes, cost of 
labor, cost of horses, and in¬ 
creased value of land for use 
for other crops. 385.00 
Labor increase, wages for addi¬ 
tional man made necessary by 
recent demand of health officer 
for the fitter test. 550.00 
Increased cost of labor formerly 
employed . 100.00 
Total increased cost.$1,650.00 
The investigation of Rochester condi¬ 
tions by Dr. Williams shows that the pro¬ 
ducer is not receiving enough for his milk. 
During the past two years, milk has sold 
at the highest prices known in 30 years— 
not in one city, but in nearly all. In 
Rochester, a short supply has, this year at 
times, forced the price of surplus milk at 
the railroad platforms to from five to eight 
cents a quart wholesale. The number of 
cows is decreasing. There are several thou¬ 
sand less cows in this State than there were 
three years ago. ’l'be decrease in the 
United States in three years has been 326,- 
000 cows. This is the reason for their 
rapid advance in price. Every year, enough 
cows to furnish Rochester with milk for 
six years, go out of business in this State. 
Our urban population is increasing rapidly, 
demanding more and better milk. To get 
it, cities are reaching out into each other’s 
territory. A Philadelphia concern is 
building a $10,000 shipping station in Liv¬ 
ingston County. New York is drawing 
milk from Steuben and Allegany Counties. 
New York, Philadelphia, Boston and lUif- 
talo dealers paid higher average prices for 
milk, during the past year than Rochester; 
New York, 4.45 cents per quart; Phila¬ 
delphia, 4% cents; Boston, 5 cents. These 
cities take entire products of dairies. Buf¬ 
falo. 4.25 cents, distributors furnishing 
cans; Rochester, 4 cents. There are a 
number of empty cow barns in this ter¬ 
ritory ; there will be more this Spring 
'The report of the committee of the 
United Charities that much of the milk 
in this city is unfit for food, may pos¬ 
sibly be true, but if it is, it is Rochester’s 
fault. A market, whose chief requirement 
is how cheap can the goods be bought, will 
always be supplied with the poorest goods 
obtainable. By every method of agita¬ 
tion, the use of milk is discouraged, it 
is said to be unfit to feed infants, yet a 
very careful study of infant mortality in 
this city, seems to show that the death rate 
of babies fed proprietary foods and con¬ 
densed milk is four times as great as those 
fed market milk. This agrees with the 
work of Dr. Park, in New York, where 
baliies on cheap store milk with 5,000,000 
to 40,000,00 bacteria per c.c. did as well 
as on condensed milk. Condensed milk 
costs as much, in food value, as certified 
milk at twelve cents per quart, and yet 
over 2,000,000 cans of condsenscd milk are 
used each year in this city. The cheapest 
and most valuable animal food, on the 
market in this city to-day, is milk. A 
pound of steak must sell at twelve cents 
to be on a parity with milk at eight cents 
per quart. Agitation, slander, vituperation 
and threats will not solve the milk prob¬ 
lem. 
Supplying a city with milk is a health 
question, the same as supplying a city 
with water; to lose sight of the economic 
factors in either is to invite failure. 
Rochester has not been as successful in 
securing a milk supply as safe as its water 
supply, largely due to improper admin¬ 
istration, and an inadequate grasp of all 
the factors involved. A proper milk or¬ 
dinance, drawn in accordance with the 
latest sanitary practice, sanely enforced, 
would in eighteen months give Rochester 
n safe milk supply, clean and free from 
disease producing germs, a milk so clean 
and pure that it would keep sweet with 
reasonable care, even without ice, for 
24 hours after delivery in the homes of 
this city. 
New Jersey Milk Prices. 
Prices that the creameries will pay the 
producers for their milk for the ensuing 
six months beginning April 1, have been 
announced by the large milk concerns 
operating plants in Sussex County, N. J. 
The prices are nearly identical with those 
of the corresponding period of 1912. Farm¬ 
ers are now signing contracts. The price 
per hundred pounds is as follows: April, 
$1.50; May, $1.25; .Tune, $1.10; July, 
$1.35; August, $1.45; September, $1.55. 
The July price is five cents higher than 
that of July, 1912. Considered on the 
basis of 40 quart cans, the prices are: 
April, $1.27%; May, $1.06%; June, 93%; 
July, $1.14% ; August, $1.23% ; Septem¬ 
ber, $1.31%. These prices are for Dis¬ 
trict No. 1. In District No. 2 the prices 
are ten cents per hundred pounds less in 
each month except September, and then 
are five cents less. For grade B milk 10 
cents per hundred pounds is added for 
1913, and also an additional premium of 
10 cents per hundred pounds for all milk 
testing 3.8 per cent, butter fat or better. 
There is no auction and very little 
private sale of cattle in this place. The 
farmers keep from two to eight cows, 
raise a calf or two, veal the rest. If they 
have a cow or two to sell they bring from 
$25 to $50. We are situated about half 
way between Glens Falls and Lake George. 
What produce we have to sell we take to 
the one or the other place, sell direct to 
consumers and get retail prices. Most 
of the farmers have wood and timber to 
sell in Winter and that helps out. The 
local grocers and butchers pay as fol¬ 
lows : Apples, $2 to $2.25 a barrel; po¬ 
tatoes, 50 cents a bushel; rutabaga, 40; 
pork, 11; veal, 12; butter, 30; eggs, 21; 
sweet corn in season, $1.25 down to 75 
cents a hundred (then they think it is 
worth that to feed unless a big load can 
be sold in a place). Raspberries, 10 
broilers, alive, 1% to two pounds. 25 to 
35 cents. w. h. 
French Mountain, N. Y. 
S21 
When you write advertisers mention Thh 
R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
RIDER AGENTS 
WANTED 
EACH T0WH and district to 
ride and exhibit a sample 1913 
Model “ Ranger’' bicycle 
furnished by us. Our agents 
everywhere are making money 
‘ fast. Write at once for fall 
particulars and special offer. 
I NO MONEY REQUIRED 
until you receive and approve 
of your bicycle. We ship 
anywhere in the U. S. without 
a cent deposit In advance, 
prepay freight, and allow 
10 D A YS’ FREE TRIAL, 
during which time you may 
ride the bicycle and put It to 
any test you wiHh. If you are 
then not perfectly satisfied or 
don’t wish to keep the bicycle 
you may shlplt back to us at 
our expense and you will not 
_ be out one cent. 
LOW FACTORY PRICES 
bicycle It Is possible to make at one small 
^ profit above actual factory cost. You save 
- 110 to 125 middlemen’s profits by buying direct 
of ns and have the manufacturer’s guarantee behind 
your bicycle. DO NOT BUY a bicycle or a pair of 
tires from anyone at any price until you receive our 
catalogues and learn our unheard of factory prices and 
remar kab le special off or. 
YOU WILL BE ASTONISHED when y° n * ec » ,ve 
IWU m u pv ssivnivni. beautifuleatalogueand 
study our superb models at the wonderful low prices we 
can make you. We sell the highest grade bicycles at 
lower prices than any other factory. We are satisfied 
with *1 profit above factory cost. Bicycle Dealers, you 
can sell our bicycles under your own name plate at 
double our prices. Orders filled the day received. 
SECOND HAND BICYCLES— A limited number taken 
In trade by our Chicago retail stores will be closed out at 
once, at S3 to SBeach. Descriptive bargain list sent free. 
TIDES CAASTER-RRflKE rear wheels. Inner tubes. 
IIHtj, UlIB>1 LE BBHBC , arnpB cyclometers, parts, 
repairs and parts for all bicycles at half usual prices* 
DO NOT WAIT— but write today tor ourLarge Catalogue 
beautifully illustrated and containing a great fund of 
Interesting^ matter and useful Information. It only 
costs a postal to get everything. Address 
MEAD CYCLE CO., Dept. A 80 CHICAGO, III* 
Be Free from Flies 
No fl ies mean more milk and less trouble in milking. 
Get rid of them by preventing their breeding in the manure 
pile. Just scatter a mixture of equal parts acid phosphate 
and Kainit, at the rate of one pound per day per cow, on 
the manure pile twice a day. 
Do it when you go to milk; you’ll think of it then. 
Order some extra potash in the form of Kainit this 
spring, mix it with the phosphate in a big box near the 
manure pile, with a shovel to distribute it. 
Then it will be easy to use all summer. 
Get rid of the flies and you’ll get more milk and add to 
the manure’s value for your crops, especially forage crops. 
Potash Pays and there is no place where it pays better 
than when used to supplement manure. 
“Hoard’s Dairyman” shows that 30% 
of its subscribers buy potash salts. It will 
pay you to learn more about potash salts. 
Send for books on fertilizers for crops 
you raise. We sell potash in any quantity 
from one 200-lb. bag up. 
Write for Prices 
GERMAN KALI WORKS, Inc., 42 Broadway, New York 
m 
i '• j 
Chicago, Monadnock Block 
Atlanta. Empire Bldrf. 
New Orleans. Whitney Central Bank Bld|{. 
Savannah, Bank h Trust Bldfj. San Francisco 
