TIII-C RURA1) NEW-YORKER 
666 
1913! 
WHAT A WOMAN DID WITH TURKEYS. 
Mrs. C. purchased a tom and two 
hen turkeys in January, 1909. When 
the hens began to lay in the latter part 
of March, she kept them cooped up in 
the chicken house, where she had pre¬ 
pared good nests, and after three days 
she let them go free and from that 
time on, those hens laid regularly in 
those nests. Had she allowed them to 
run at large at first they would in all 
probability have gone to some distant 
wood or some old fallow field to nest, 
and she would have experienced much 
difficulty in locating them. She kept 
a careful record of every egg laid. By 
the 15th of April she had 30 eggs 
under hens. By the 10th of May, those 
eggs had developed into 23 young tur¬ 
keys, and as fast as the turkeys laid 
them, she set the eggs under the hens. 
In June the two hen turkeys wanted to 
sit, but they were not allowed to, and 
so, about the first of July they began 
laying again. She did not get any 
turkeys out of these last settings, owing 
to an accident which broke every egg. 
From the second laying period she 
managed to get 26 turkey chicks out of 
46 eggs. Again they wanted to sit, but 
they were not allowed to, and again 
they began laying. This was the first 
of September. Through September and 
October she hatched 48 and out of the 
three hatchings she succeeded in raising 
80 turkeys, 32 hens and 48 toms. Of 
the Fall hatched toms, she kept 15 and 
also the hens. She sold the 33 gobblers 
on the November market for 14 cents 
per pound, alive, which netted her 
$41.40. Expenses for first year, three 
turkeys, $6; feed, care, etc. $5. Total, 
$ 11 . 
The second year some of her turkey 
hens began to lay about the 15th of 
March, and by the first of April she had 
filled a 150-egg capacity incubator. Out 
of this batch, 103 eggs hatched. She 
filled the machine again immediately and 
also set 60 eggs under hens. Out of 
these she got 121 out of the incubator 
and 49 from the hens. The first of 
June she again filled the incubator and 
also set 40 eggs under hens. She sold, 
during this last hatching period, 510 
eggs for hatching at four cents each, 
which netted her $20.40, and from this 
third hatch she got, from the incubator, 
116 and 29 from the hens. These came 
off June 22 and they were the last brood. 
She raised out of the 522 hatched, 483 
turkeys. She sold eggs for hatching 
during the Fall to the value of $46. 
Upon November 18, owing to the fact 
that she was going to move to a dis¬ 
tant point, she sold the entire flock, 
which consisted of 483 young toms and 
hens, the 34 old hens and 16 gobblers 
at 15 cents per pound, alive, and which 
netted her $799.50. The entire expense 
for second year, including hired help, 
feed, advertising, etc., was $265.75. Profit 
for the first year, $30.40; profit for the 
second year, $533.75; eggs for hatching, 
$66.40; total profit for the two years, 
$630.55. 
Here follows briefly the way she man¬ 
aged the young turkeys. She kept them 
in the brooder houses for two weeks or 
nearly so—it depending upon the 
weather, feeding them ground oats, 
shorts and cornmeal made into a soft 
dough. She gave them blit very little 
water during this period. For six 
weeks, she would keep them housed 
mornings until every bit of dew 
was off the grass. When they showed 
signs of drooping she put a pinch of 
ground mustard into their feed, which 
seemed to revive them wonderfully and 
it was great as a tonic for their appe- 
MRS. W. R. 
Kentucky. 
R. N. Y.—A very remarkable woman! 
Our own experience with turkeys in 
New Jersey would make a very poor 
showing beside the above statement. Let 
no woman think she can pay the farm 
mortgage through a small flock of tur¬ 
keys. Where one has a wide clean 
dry range free from vermin the busi¬ 
ness is a fair one. Do not try it on 
small, narrow farms or damp localities. 
SOILING AND SILAGE. 
[Some years ago Mr. John McLennan, 
of Onondaga County, N. Y., wrote an in¬ 
teresting account of his method of keeping 
one cow to the acre. At that time there 
was call for more details, and Mr. Mc¬ 
Lennan sent them, but for' various reasons 
the publication was delayed. There have 
been so many calls this Spring for an ac¬ 
count of a soiling system that it seems 
desirable to print this statement] : 
My farm is divided up about as follows: 
Total number of acres.56 
Occupied by house, grounds, barns, 
yards, hen house, vegetable garden, 
Ac. 8 
Maple grove and cedar swamp. 6 
Orchard . 8 
Alfalfa .10 
Meets . 2 
Corn .10 
Potatoes . 2 
Land for soiling crops. 6 
Oats for new seeding. 4 
There must always be a Fall crop put 
in, consisting of rye or Winter wheat, of 
about one acre, which will come up early 
and be ready to feed green by June 1. I 
keep an old mowing machine standing in 
the lot always ready to eut two or three 
swaths around the piece every morning, 
which is immediately raked up and thrown 
upon the wagon and drawn to the barn, 
and the stock are fed from that load that 
day, and this is repeated every day as long 
as the rye lasts, and after that the same 
process is applied to the other soiling crops 
as they become old enough to feed. Just 
as early in the Spring as we can get on 
to the land we sow one acre to three bush¬ 
els of oats and peas mixed in equal parts ; 
if this can be done in April, so much the 
better, but it is frequently May before we 
are able properly to till the land. About 
three weeks after the first acre of oats and 
peas is sown, put in a second acre in 
exactly the same way. and in about two 
weeks later put in a third acre. 
About May 20 I put in an acre of very 
early corn for fodder, and also an acre of 
field corn, which makes up my six acres 
of soiling crops, and which must main¬ 
tain my stock from June 1 to October 1. 
Just as soon as the rye is cut and fed from 
the first acre (which will probably be about 
June 20), plow and sow to German millet 
and begin to feed the first acre of oats 
and peas; when the first acre of oats and 
peas is fed, plow and sow the land to 
cow peas; when the second acre of oats 
and peas is fed, plow and sow the land to 
Soy beans; when the third acre of oats and 
peas is fed, plow and sow the land with a 
cover crop of Crimson clover. After the 
early corn is fed, plow and sow a crop 
of rye for next year’s early feeding. If 
any portion of these crops begin to ripen 
before they are fed, discontinue feeding 
from that portion and let it ripen ; it may 
be harvested in the usual w r ay and the 
grain will be found useful for poultry, etc. 
I find that this process of cultivation gives 
an abundance of milk-producing food, suf¬ 
ficient to maintain 40 to 50 head of stock 
from June 1 to October 1; and they will 
be better fed, in better condition, and pro¬ 
duce more milk than would be possible on 
100 acres of the ordinary pasture land. 
Droughts do not parch and dry up their 
feed, grasshoppers cannot rob them, and 
they repay me for much of the extra labor 
in the most valuable of farm products— 
manure. In short. I believe that six acres 
properly cultivated for soiling purposes are 
equal, if not superior, to 100 acres of or¬ 
dinary pasture land. 
So much for soiling and Summer feed¬ 
ing. For Winter feed I use 10 acres of 
Alfalfa, from which I cut about 50 tons 
during the season, and an additional 
amount of perhaps 25 tons is secured 
from the orchard, as the trees are yet 
too small to require it all for mulching. 
For silage I plant 10 acres of Learning 
corn ; I plant with a two-row planter, three 
feet between rows and 20 inches between 
Dills, and about three kernels to the hill. 
Corn is planted, if possible, about May 
20, and I generally use about 10 pounds 
of commercial fertilizer per acre, dropped 
in the hill with the planter. The land 
doesn’t really need the fertilizer, but the 
corn seems to start earlier and stronger, 
if treated in this way. When the corn 
is up about three inches high, the whole 
field is harrowed with a very light smooth¬ 
ing harrow, or a weeder, and this may 
be repeated a week later to advantage. The 
next week cultivate deep and close to the 
plants, but after that cultivate light and 
at each succeeding cultivation keep farther 
away from the plants. 
After the last cultivation, sow cow 
peas or Crimson clover in the center be¬ 
tween the rows and go through it again 
with a light, straight-tooth cultivator, and 
this crop will furnish a splendid Fall crop 
for pasturage if we get short of soiling 
feed, and, at all events, it makes a splendid 
green crop to plow under, and the corn 
land generally needs it. Now, this 10 acres 
of corn should grow to an average height of 
12 feet and much of it to 14 feet, and 
every stalk should have an ear as large, 
and nearly as long, as a man’s arm. It 
should he allowed to ripen so that the 
kernels are practically hard and then all 
cut up and carefully put into the silo. 
We should have from 150 to 200 tons of 
tlie richest silage, and from October l to 
June 1 it will furnish a stock ration re¬ 
quiring no other grain whatever. I never 
have been able to devise any other feed, 
at whatever cost, which would take the 
place of good, sweet, rich silage. My ex¬ 
perience leads me to believe that silage, 
made from stalks without ears, whether 
by reason of not having developed or ha- 
ing been basked, is of very little or no 
value as feed for dairy cows; especially 
is this true if the crop is husked and the 
stalks allowed to dry out in the field. On 
the other hand, I believe that every effort 
should be put forth to secure a large 
growth of ears, if we expect to produce 
first-class feed for stock. 
Then comes the question of roots. Man¬ 
gel wurzels for me; I find them just as 
necessary for my stoek as the Alfalfa or 
silage. They grow to such enormous pro¬ 
portions (often to 18 or 20 pounds each) 
and the yield per acre is so satisfactory 
that they have become one of the neces¬ 
sary factors of stock farming. I usually 
harvest about 2,000 bushels every Fall, and 
every animal, young and old, gets a liberal 
feed of cut beets every day, and they take 
to them as eagerly as child to candy. I 
do not believe there is very much milk or 
butter fat in beets, or, in fact, in any of 
the root crops, but they are valuable be¬ 
cause they help to assimilate the other 
foods; they keep the digestion in a per¬ 
fectly healthy and normal condition and 
the stock always looks sleek and healthy, 
and I deem them exceedingly valuable. For 
the best results in raising beets, the crop 
should be planted not later than May 8 
and not more than half an inch deep, and 
should be carefully thinned to about 12 
inches before the plants commence to set. 
Now, you must have rotation of crops if 
farming is to be successfully carried on; 
therefore, I sow about four acres of oats 
and seed to Alfalfa each year; always 
seeding after corn. This gives me the oats 
necessary for my horses, young calves, etc., 
and always an old piece of Alfalfa to plow 
out, and I want to say here, that a man 
never fuLly realizes how strong and rich 
his land is until he sees those tremendous 
Alfalfa roots turned up to the sun. 
JOHN MCLENNAN. 
Line-breeding Again. 
I am glad that attention has been called 
to my errors in the reply to the breeding 
question on page 146, the errors being an 
oversight and consisted of failing to men¬ 
tion the mating of brothers and sisters, 
half-brothers and half-sisters, etc. How¬ 
ever, my critics seem to have fallen into 
error also. The best authorities define as 
inbreeding the mating of immediate off¬ 
spring with parents, litter mates, brother 
and sisters and individuals of other de¬ 
grees of relationship provided both parties 
to the union have 50 per cent, of common 
ancestry. Linebreeding is the mating of 
animals having more than 25 per cent, but 
less than 50 per cent, of common ancestry. 
But here it should be stated that line¬ 
breeding means also the use of a succession 
of sires descended in some manner from a 
single individual. Without diagrams it is 
difficult to make plain these definitions, but 
it will be a help to remember that in- 
breeding means to mate parents and off¬ 
spring, brother and sister, first cousins, 
and grandparents with grandchildren, and 
that line-breeding means the mating of re¬ 
lated individuals less closely related than 
mentioned above, especially if there is a 
succession of sires more or less closely 
related by descent to a single individual. 
In either case but little outside blood is 
used. Mendel’s law now causes breeders 
to put less faith in the old ideas concerning 
close breeding, though all unite in con¬ 
demning close inbreeding. 
W. E. DUCK WALL. 
Hydraulic Cider Presses 
All sizes. We have had 
36 years' experience and 
can save you money. 
Also Steam and Gaso¬ 
line Engines, Boilers. 
Sawmills, etc. 
CATALOGUE FREE 
Thomas-Albright Co. 
West New York, 
Yoi»kStateFai*ms for S ale 
SB »Or, 
Fruit, dairy and garden. Exception¬ 
al opportunities in every county of 
State, where fanning pays best. Prin¬ 
cipal brokers are co-operating under 
name of FARM BROKERS’ ASSOCIATION OF 
N. Y. STATE. Buyers derive the benefit. 
Address State Farm Brokers’ Association, 
130 Stone Buildino. Oneida, New York, for 
Free Bulletin just issued. 
CANADA’S OFFERING 
T» Tim C/iilDa The American Rush to*. 
10 I HD Oollisr Western Canada is Increasing 
Free Homesteads' 1 ^ 
Districts of Manitoba. Saskat¬ 
chewan and Alberta, there are 
thousands of Free Homesteads 
left, which to the man making 
entry in 3 years’ time will be 
worth from 820 to 825 per acre. 
These lands are well adapted to 
grain growing and cattle raising. 
Excellent Railway Facilities 
In many cases the railways In 
_Canada have been built In ad¬ 
vance of settlement, and In a short time 
there will not be a settler who need be 
more than ten or twelve miles from aline 
of railway. Railway Rates are regulated 
by Government Commission. 
SOCIAL CONDITIONS. The Ameri- 
can Settler Is at home In Western Canada. 
He is not a stranger In a strange land, 
having nearly a million of hlsown people 
already settled there. If you desire to 
know why the condition of the Canadian 
Settler Is so prosperous write to any of 
the Canadian Government Agents and 
send for literature, rates, &&, to 
J. S. Crawford 
301 E. Genesee St* 
Syracuse, N. Y. 
or address 'Snpt. of Immigration, 
Ottawa, Canada. 
JERSEY 
tl tree. 
FARMS— i to 350 acres In Jersey's best soil. Catalogue 
El). BURROUGHS, 147 E. State St., Trwrton, B. J. 
O NE of the Best Farms on the Banks of the Hudson. 210 acre*. 
6 miles of river view ; 60 acres in standard varieties of fruit; 
100 arras of dark sandy loam; 1 mile from boat landing ; J4 mile 
from W. Sw K.U. ; 1 new house with modern improvements; 1 
farm house, 2 tenant houses ; mostly slate roofs ; no brush or 
stone. Will sell all or part. Elias Gates, Owner, Coxsaekie, N. Y. 
NEWYORK STATE FARMS, AHT35 
ing in farms throughout New York State. Reference 
on request. Catalog sent to prospective purchaser*. 
C. L. YAGER A CO., 736 Press Bldg., Binghamton. N. Y 
BUY NEW YORK FARMS NOW 
Best lands. Best crops. Best homes. Biggest 
biirns. Finest schools, churches, roads and trans¬ 
portation. For list of farms address : 
B. F. McBURNEY 8 CO.. Bastable Block, SYRACUSE. N. Y 
F riU Rfl TP'S ino. — anJ crops included.Immediate pos- 
I Ut III LIU I £2 QUld session. 14 acrex. level, machine-worked, 
productive fluids. Owner lived here 2 5 j-ears. In come over $2,000 
per year. 2J.;-story house, Burn 39x41, wagonhouse, corncrib, 
woodshed, etc. Owner will include for quick sale: 3-year-old 
colt,pair old horses, 5 cows, 5 hogs, 123 chickens, ©acres wheat, 
f >00 bn. corn, all farming tools, everything on farm except house¬ 
hold furniture. Only $4,500; half cash. See cat. No. 19, free. 
C.I). Rost* F arm Ageney, 31*32 Font-Richey Bldg, Trenton, N. J. 
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| = 
I Easy to Load—Easy to Unload | 
S Only 42 inches high from ground to top of box at the rear wheels. Saves 2 
5 that back-breaking lift, and makes it quicker and easier to load. 
E Apron Runs DOWN Hill. Being lower behind than in front, load travels 5 
5 downward. This gives much lighter draft and saves the horses where the 2 
= work would otherwise be hardest. You know it’s easier to haul a load 2 
2 down hill than up. 
Flying Dutchman 
Low Down Spreader 
Best for Man, Team and Land 
dm 
Lightest Draft 
v Down Spreader 
Ever Made 
Endless 
Apron 
Chain 
Drive 
Only 2 
42 in. to 2 
Y/ top of box 2 
■at rear wheel 2 
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Easy to Handle. The box Is as long as any 
spreader built—yet the distance between the 
wheels is from 25 to 50 per cent, less than on 
any other low down spreader. In barn yard 
or field, the Flying Dutchman Spreader is 
as easy to handle as a wagon. 
Wheels are Under the Load just where they 
must be if you wish to secure the greatest 
strength, ease of handling and lightness of 
?draft. Most of the weight being 
on the rear wheels gives abun¬ 
dant traction power without the 
extra heavy mnd lugs used on 
other spreaders. 
Clearance. The endless apron 
has 18 in. clearance between low¬ 
est point and ground—6 in. more 
i than mostothers. A point 
worth remembering. 
All Steel Frame—Steel Wheels—Steel 8eater. 
Apron runs on three sets of steel rollers— 
safely carries 4800 lbs. without sagging. No 
other spreader is so strong and well-built. 
Simplest in Construction, one lever operates 
entire machine. An inexperienced boy can 
manage it without any chance of doing harm 
to the machine. 
We also build the Moline Spreader whieh Is 
of the same construction, but with a Return 
Apron. 
Be sure tu examine these Spreaders before 
buying any other. You will find a Flying 
Dutchman Dealer near you. 
Our illustrated Spreader Booklet will be sent 
free—if you write for it at once. Address 
Look for the 
Flying 
Dutchman 
Dealer 
'MOLINE PLOW CO., Dept.119 Moline, ffl. 
Eastern Branch: Adriance, Platt & Company, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 
