1913. 
505 
RURAL, NEW-YORf£EB 
DRAINING SPRINGY PLACES. 
R. J. (No Address ).—I have a low spot 
In my farm, which is insufficiently drained 
by a three-inch tile. Tile is from 2% to 
three feet deep. Land is sandy loam, with 
a somewhat tenacious clay subsoil. I am 
going to replace three-inch with six-inch tile 
this Summer. It has a good fall, and will 
carry the water ail right. Would it benefit 
the land to deepen the depth of tile? They 
do not seem to drain the land far on each 
side. 
Ans. —Judging from the short descrip¬ 
tion given, the low spot must be of a 
springy nature. If this is the case the 
problem to solve is to capture the con¬ 
stant subterraneous water with tiles, 
properly placed, before the excess water 
reaches the surface. In cases of this 
character there is often one main 
spring with several smaller ones adja¬ 
cent thereto. The source of the trouble 
is usually easily and quickly located by 
carefully examining the wettest place or 
places and trenching direct to the main 
one with branches either side to the 
others. If considerable water flows, all 
unstable quicksandy soil should be 
cleaned out and filled up with soft coal 
cinders or clean, coarse gravel, rammed 
down lightly and tile laid thereon to a 
good grade. Long tile, two-foot lengths 
of sewer pipe, are excellent for un¬ 
stable bottoms, as they lie more firmly. 
One and one-half feet of cinders or 
gravel placed on top of tile allows 
the water to enter the drain freely and 
greatly increases its capacity to take and 
remove the excess water promptly. 
Large springs are often successfully 
handled by digging out and walling up 
with stone, forming a miniature well, 
or a large sewer pipe, two feet or more 
in diameter, bell end down and set op 
end, with an opening chiseled out at 
top edge for tile to connect. Well or 
sewer pipe covered with large flat stones; 
concrete could be substituted in either 
case. “Sandy loam with a somewhat 
tenacious clay subsoil” is mentioned. 
The writer surmises this clay is the 
agent largely responsible for the ineffi¬ 
cient, slow and narrow width of drain¬ 
age. While the topography of the field 
cannot be ascertained from the short 
description, the case suggests not to take 
up the present tile line, but to parallel 
it, on each side, 50 feet distant, with 
four-inch round tile laterals, 3*4 feet 
deep, connecting the proper one of these 
two new laterals to the low spot or 
spring. Placing tile deeper would prob¬ 
ably accomplish nothing more, except 
expense. t. e. martin. 
THE VARIETY TEST OF CORN. 
Of all the methods for improving 
corn that have been developed in the 
last decade I believe in the hand of the 
farmer the variety test is much the 
most valuable. Careful selection from 
the field will slowly but surely fix a 
type and increase yield of any variety 
you may be growing. While the ear- 
to-row breeding of corn in the hands 
of very careful men is accomplishing 
much in establishing new breeds of 
corn, yet the process is slow and a 
good deal of patience is required 
through a series of years before valua¬ 
ble results will have been obtained. 
The variety test on the other hand 
takes the best that has been secured 
by all the work of the past in the way 
of improvement of the different varie¬ 
ties and finding what is best suited to 
your own farm. Doing some work 
for the State along this line in county 
variety tests I was surprised to find 
often as much as 20 bushels per acre 
difference in yield of two varieties 
grown for years on neighboring farms, 
no one suspecting this difference until 
they were put side by side in a variety 
test. In one case in particular a farmer 
in Western Ohio who grew 100 acres of 
corn each year found in a variety test 
on his farm that a variety of corn from 
a neighboring farm yielded 13 ' -Is 
more per acre than his own corn. This 
set him to thinking that if he was losing 
1,300 bushels of corn by using a low- 
yielding variety it was time to change. 
While the public tests lead the way 
and are valuable, the most valuable test 
for each farmer will always be on his 
own farm. 
To conduct a test, select a half dozen 
varieties grown in your own neighbor¬ 
hood from good corn farmers, each of 
whom believes he has the best corn 
to yield, and then send to your experi¬ 
ment station or good seed corn man 
for a few improved varieties. Select 
a piece of uniform ground in your corn¬ 
field and plant two rows of each va¬ 
riety side by side, with check rows in 
two or three places. See to it that the 
stand is uniform, then husk and weigh 
(you need not select more than 50 hills 
of each row) and you will find great 
differences in yield and maturity of the 
different varieties. One year may not 
determine all you want to know, but 
a second year will satisfy you as to 
the variety most profitable for you to 
grow. Try a variety test plat this year. 
HORATIO MARKLEY. 
Ohio. 
Corn Ear-Worm. 
G. S. C., Cape May C. H., N. J .—Here in 
South Jersey we are much troubled with 
our corn, especially table corn, being wormy. 
When we husk it down often one or two 
large worms will be in the top or perhaps 
along the side of the ear. We would like to 
know if there is any way to prevent this, 
or the cause of it. 
Ans. —This is an extremely disagree¬ 
able and destructive creature, which at¬ 
tacks corn, cotton, tomatoes and tobac¬ 
co. It is variously known as Corn ear- 
worm, Cotton boll-worm (not boll- 
weevil), Tomato fruitworm and To¬ 
bacco False bud-worm. It is a most 
unlovely caterpillar, dull grayish green 
or brown, with a naked greasy looking 
skin. The adult is a yellowish or 
brownish moth. There are two broods 
in the North, and four to six in the 
South, where it attacks cotton bolls and 
tobacco when the corn is too mature 
for it. The larva enters the ground in 
the Fall mak ing a galleried burrow in 
which it pupates, hence Fall plowing, 
which breaks up the galleries, is one 
means of control. Early-planted corn 
usually escapes it, but of course poisons 
cannot be used on this plant, so destruc¬ 
tion of insects gathered and Fall plow¬ 
ing are all that can be advised. On 
tobacco and cotton dry arsenates are 
used, one teaspoonful of arsenate of 
lead to one quart of dry cornmeal. 
Profits in the Canning Business. 
IF. R., Eldred, Pa .—I wish to know what 
protit might be expected from raising four 
acres of tomatoes and canning them with 
one of the canning outfits so much adver¬ 
tised and selling the-canned goods. I would 
like to try about four acres this year. The 
manufacturers claim that goods canned by 
farmers on their machines are first class 
and sell for at least 80 cents per dozen 
No. 3 cans, and make a profit of about 45 
cents per dozen. At this rate with a fair 
crop of say six tons per acre, it ought to 
be possible to make at least 8200 per acre. 
Ans. —Our reports indicate about the 
same proportion of failures in the can¬ 
ning business as in atiy other. Naturally 
the manufacturers put up the best story 
they know how. If you expect to start 
an entirely new business, learn it as< 
you go along, and make $200 per acre 
the first season, our advice is to. “forget 
it” as soon as you can. Think for a 
moment and you will see how improb¬ 
able such a thing is. Most of those 
who report to us say they lost money 
or came out about even the first year, 
but after learning by their mistakes and 
keeping right at it they developed a fair 
business. That seems reasonable if we 
judge the canning business by any other. 
We think there is a future in it for a 
careful farmer—after he learns how— 
but he must pay to learn. 
Direct from 
the Factory 
to You for 
Stands back of , 
EvervVehicle L^, 
Manufacture 
BOHON’S 
BUGGIES 
And This Is What I Mean By My Guarantee: 
I will ship you any Buggy or Harness in my catalog and let you 
use it right on the road for 30 days and submit it to any reason¬ 
able test in actual use. If it is not exactly as my catalog states, 
I will refund every cent of your money and pay the freight both 
ways besides. And there won’t be any argument about it either. 
."BLUE 
GRASS” 
are sold with this understanding and a lithographed guarantee for 
two years goes out with every job. Behind that guarantee is a 
830,000 bond deposited by me in the Mercer National Bank of this 
city. I want to convince the most skeptical that they are tak¬ 
ing no chances when they send me an order. Now, let me send you 
bib Book <>» Buggy Bargains FREE, 
which shows you not only the latest styles in Buggies but also 
how they are made and how carefully everyone is inspected and 
tested before it is shipped. It show's tests of strength which no 
“cheap” Buggy could stand. And yet my Bug¬ 
gies are not high-price d because I sell them 
Direct From The Factory To You, 
cutting out all salesmen’s salaries and expenses 
as well as the middle man’s profit. You can’t 
buy a better Buggy for the same money nor as 
good a Buggy for any less, anywhere in the 
world. I can furnish you exactly the Buggy 
Y'OU want, giving you your choice as to color, 
finish, upholstery, etc. All this is explained in 
my book. I’ll be glad to send it and pay the 
postage on it. You need not write a letter, just 
use a postal card, but send it TODAY. 
t DT.5OH0* CO 
D, T* B0HGN, 217 Main Street, Harrodsborg, Ky. 
YOUR TREES 
f- AMERICAN 
Here are the prices lumber brought in 
New York last summer, per thousand 
feet:—birch, $18 to $55 ; chestnut, $19 to 
$57; cypress, $26 to $60; maple, $18 to 
$50; oak, $25 to S62; pine, $20 to $42; 
spruce. $22 to $30. Ten 16-foot logs 
averaging 14 inches thick make 1000 feet 
SAW MILL = BIG PROFITS 
of lumber. You can saw i t for $4 to $5 per 
thousand with an “American” Saw Mill. 
Do you see the profits ? Look over your 
trees and see what you have. Ask for our 
new book No. 26 which tells the whole 
story. Do it now, while you are inter¬ 
ested. Address nearest office. 
In the largest mill or on the farm the American is recognized as Standard. 
AMERICAN SAW MILL MACHINERY CO. 
Chicago Savannah_New Orleans 
Planet Jr. 
Get these 
labor-lightening farm and garden tools 
secure the greatest yield from your crops. Fully guaranteed 
time-saving, 
No. 4 
and Plow sows accurately all garden seeds, cultivates’, hoes”,Turrows,~and"pkiws.* 
1 Indestructible steelframe. 
Planet Jr Combined Hill and Drill Seeder, Wheel Hoe, Cultivator. 
• •T Cntt’C occnr-l f 1 (»/7 frordun .aude V.. T.._.. t i * 
_ Planet Jr Horse Hoe and Cultivator does more kinds of work bet¬ 
ter, quicker, and easier than any other cultivator. Can be fitted with plow and 
disc attachment and all-steel wheel—new this year. ' 
FRFF Instructive 64-page illustrated catalog. 
* Describes 55 implements. Send postal for it today! 
S L ALLEN & CO 
Box 1 107 V Philadelphia 
pRATT 
• I nna 
it 
50’ 
Long Stroke Motor 
4&x5.34 
FULL EQUIPMENT 
Gray & Davis Electric Starting and Electric Lighting. 
Bosch Magneto. 11-in. Upholstery. 
Licensed under Dyer patents 657,650— 8SS.986 and 921,963 
Ud 
1913 Pratt Cars 
| Five Years Every one successful as manufac¬ 
turers of automobiles. 
Forty Years —Every one successful as manufac¬ 
turers of standard vehicles. 
of C'ntnlncriio sho ' vin 2 photographic view of all 
VJCt lit! models, and giving you the stand- 
ards by which to value any car. 
We have a business proposition for yon. Our goal for 1913 is a 
Pratt Car” in every locality. If there isn’t one in your neigh¬ 
borhood— if there isn’t a Pratt dealer near you it will be to your 
material advantage to write or wire and let us know. 
Three Distinct Models— Pratt 50, 122-inch wheel base, elec¬ 
tric starter and electric lighting system. Price $2,150.00. 
Pratt 40, 120-in. wheel base, Presto-O-Starter and electric lighting 
system. Price $1,850.00. 
Pratt 30. 114-in. wheel base. Prest-O-Starter and electric lighting 
system. Price $1,400.00. 
ELKHART CARRIAGE & HARNESS MFG. CO. 
ELKHART INDIANA 
