1913. 
TH IS RURAb NEW-YORKER 
56© 
THE GRAPE LEAF-HOPPER. 
S. 0. IF., Ro88ville, N. Y .—What can I do 
to save my grapevines? For the past two 
years the leaves are covered on the un¬ 
der side with thousands of white flies and 
their vitality seems all gone. I notice one 
long row standing alone where all of last 
year’s growth is dead. I think I shall cut 
them off even with ground and see if they 
will sprout up a new growth. 
Ans. —It is impossible in many in¬ 
stances to identify the cause of trouble 
with a plant at a distance from a de¬ 
scription alone, but in this case the 
flies alluded to are probably the grape 
leaf-hoppers. This insect was very 
troublesome in practically all of the 
grape growing sections of New York 
last Summer, and did much injury to 
vine and fruit. Its favored food plant 
is the grape, but it does feed quite ex¬ 
tensively on the strawberry, raspberry, 
blackberry, currant, gooseberry and 
even on some weeds. It winters over 
as an adult, among trash and rubbish 
lodged along a fence row, or among 
leaves and grasses that have lodged 
and have formed a protection for it. 
Berry rows that have collected and held 
leaves over Winter are excellent quar¬ 
ters, and at Ihe same time the berry 
leaves furnish food for the hoppers 
when the favorable time arrives for 
their emergence. It is by reason of 
these favorable conditions of protection 
and food that vines or vineyards ad¬ 
jacent or near berry patches or vine¬ 
yards that are interplanted with smali 
fruits are usually the most badly in¬ 
fested. The same is true for vineyards 
that have woodland or patches of un¬ 
dergrowth nearby. If the weeds and 
grasses between the rows of grapes are 
sufficient to form a good protection the 
hoppers will seek wintering places 
there. 
As a great amount of injury is done 
to the grape leaf just as the vine is 
starting its growth in the Spring it 
is necessary to control the hibernating 
adults, else we will have this early in¬ 
jury and a subsequent and usually a 
more severe one later from their pro¬ 
geny. Early in the Spring before they 
have left grass and hibernating place it 
it a good plan to burn over all such, 
thus destroying many and driving the 
others elsewhere. This can be readily 
done by sprinkling on a little kerosene. 
In cleaning out berry rows care will 
be necessary, the rubbish being forked 
or raked out and then burned. Some 
growers do this burning late in the 
Fall after the insects have gone to their 
quarters. Owing to the relationship be¬ 
tween small fruits and the hopper it is 
not advisable to interplant or have small 
fruits near the vineyard. When the 
grape shoots are about a foot in length 
the hoppers leave the berries, where 
they have been feeding, and migrate to 
the grape. At this time it is impossible 
to destroy them by means of sprays, 
as the wings protect the delicate parts 
of the body, and the insect must be 
killed by a contact spray, if at all, as 
it feeds by sucking the leaf juices. The 
eggs are laid underneath the skin on 
the lower sides of the leaf. The time 
required for hatching varies with lo¬ 
calities, and from year to year. Close 
examination should be made at intervals 
of three or four days of the under sides 
of the leaves for the newly hatched 
young. They are quite small, almost 
colorless, and possess no wings in their 
early life, but develop them after they 
have passed through several molts. 
When the leaves appear to be fairly 
well infested with these young, but be¬ 
fore many have developed wings and 
are able to fly, the under sides of the 
leaves should be thoroughly sprayed 
with a mixture of Black-Leaf tobacco 
40,” used at the ratio of one-half pint 
with 100 gallons of water. Enough 
pressure should be developed so that 
the insects are coated. A good exten¬ 
sion rod for this work is made with 
a one-fourth inch gas pipe. Four feet 
of one-fourth inch pipe about a foot 
long is fitted on with an elbow, each 
end of this crosspiece having been bent 
up to a right angle so that the upturned 
parts are about two inches in height, 
or an elbow attached at each end in¬ 
stead. Each end is threaded and a noz 
zle is attached to each. The lower end 
is connected with the hose by a cut-off. 
This extension rod has proven very 
satisfactory in reaching the undersides 
of the leaves. The tobacco extract can 
be added to the Bordeaux mixture and 
a combined spraying for the leaf-hopper 
and powdery mildew or black rot can 
be made. If the clean-up methods have 
been thorough one spraying will be 
sufficient to control the insect. Another 
cultural practice that has been success¬ 
ful is the delaying of the sprouting or 
suckering till late. The hoppers that 
have hibernated in the rows usually 
feed on lower leaves first, and if these 
be the suckers, the injury will not af¬ 
fect the vigor of the vine to any de¬ 
gree, as the suckers are to be removed 
anyway. Then, too, many eggs are laid 
in the leaves of the suckers, and when 
these are removed, after the eggs are 
laid on them, only a small percentage 
hatches and those hoppers that do have 
a difficult time getting to their food, for 
they can only do so by crawling, and as 
they are very delicate, many perish 
before they reach the upper leaves. 
F. E. GLADWIN. 
Mazzard Cherry Stock. 
L. F. B., Kent's Hill, Me .—I have read 
more or less about the Mazzard stock on 
which to graft cherry scions and it is spoken 
of as being common. We know of no such 
a tree in Maine unless it goes by another 
name. We have here a wild black cherry 
tree which grows sometimes to a quite large 
size and seems to be perfectly hardy, and I 
wonder if it could be used as cherry or 
plum stock in this State without wasting 
time in the experiment. It is said that 
none of the native cherries here will do 
for such a purpose, hence the query. 
Ans. —There are probably no Maz¬ 
zard cherry trees growing wild in Maine 
but they are very common in Pennsyl¬ 
vania and southward to Virginia, where 
they have come up by accident from seeds 
and sprouts from the roots of old trees. 
They were not found there naturally 
but escaped from cultivated trees that 
were introduced from Europe long ago. 
The wild native cherry that is referred 
to by L. F. B. is not suitable for a stock 
upon which to work the cultivated cher¬ 
ries, for the union when made, which Is 
very rarely done, is not strong and final¬ 
ly fails. The wild red cherry will “take” 
the buds of the cultivated cherries but 
it does not have roots sufficient to sus¬ 
tain the trees and finally proves very de¬ 
fective. The Mahaleb stock is the best 
one for the sour cherries but the Maz¬ 
zard is the one for all the sweet or 
“heart” cherries. H. e. van deman. 
The president of a small college was 
visiting the little town that had been 
his former home and had been asked to 
address an audience of his former 
neighbors. In order to assure them that 
his career had not caused him to put 
on airs he began his address thus: 
“My dear friends—I won’t call you 
ladies and gentlemen—I know you too 
well to say that.”—Ladies’ Home Jour¬ 
nal. 
“I done told dem s’picious neighbors 
o’ mine dat I been losing’ too many 
chickens an’ I’d have to get a shotgun.” 
“Did that make any difference.” “Yes, 
suh. Dey lef’ de chickens alone, but 
dey come aroun’ an stole de shotgun.” 
—Washington Star. 
Housekeeper: “Why do you charge 
so much for your ice?” Iceman: 
“Well, mum, the water was high where 
we cut it.”—Boston Transcript. 
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% 
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These men wear out, on a me¬ 
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