1913. 
VHB RURAb MEW-YORKBH 
678 
Ruralisms 
THE SIMMONDS PAPAYA. 
In his article on page 491, Mr. Van 
Deman refers to the excellent quality 
of the .Simmonds papaw. Bulletin No. 
83 of the Office of Foreign Seed and 
Plant Introduction, from which we re¬ 
produce the picture shown at Fig. 184, 
gives this description of it: 
“This is a seedling from a fruit 
which was borne by a tree grown from 
seed sent in by Mr. W. G. Ross of the 
Panama Canal Zone in 1910. It is 
the best seedling out of 60 which were 
grown from seed of the same identical 
fruit. Its globular shape, medium size 
and thick flesh ought to make it a good 
shipper and the mild flavor makes it 
peculiarly acceptable to those who have 
never eaten a papaya and learned to 
appreciate a more pronounced papaya 
flavor. It is named after Mr. Edward 
Simmonds, gardener in charge of the 
cess in the North, but largely in open 
field culture. A few years since we 
tried them in the vineyard, but dis¬ 
carded them for other crops that 
promise better. A comparative value of 
Soy beans and clover, as soil builders, 
depends largely upon the disposition 
made of the crops* If the beans 
or clover be cut for fodder no 
nitrogen is retained except in the roots 
and stubble. It has been estimated 
from a basis of equal yields that clover 
stubble adds more than three times as 
much nitrogen as Soy bean stubble. But 
if the entire plants are turned under as 
green manures and the yields are the 
same in each case then the amount of 
nitrogen added in each instance is about 
equal. The Soy bean should not be 
seeded till all danger of late frost is 
past, and the soil is fairly warm. No 
exact date can be given, as the time 
will vary annually, for the latitude of 
North East probably not earlier than 
late May. They are harvested as soon 
THE SIMMONDS PAPAYA. Fig. 184. 
Field Station at Miami, Florida, in 
recognition of his successful work in 
the grafting of the papaya.” 
ATTAR OF ROSES. 
H. R., Rochester, N. Y .—From what rose 
is the oriental perfume attar of roses made? 
Ans. —Attar or otto of roses is chiefly 
produced from the true Damask or 
Damascus rose, Rosa damascena, though 
R. moschata, the Musk rose, and R. cen- 
tifolia (Rose of a hundred leaves) are 
also cultivated to some extent for the 
same purpose. A semi-double red- 
flowered form of the Damask rose is 
the one usually grown for perfume. It 
is grown in Cashmere, Persia, Syria, 
Upper Egypt, Barbary, some districts of 
British India, and in some sections now 
disturbed by the Balkan war; for exam¬ 
ple, in the district about Adrianople. 
The attar is the essential oil distilled 
from the rose petals, and is produced 
in very small quantities; it is said that 
60 pounds of petals are required to 
yield a dram and a half of oil. The 
odor of the oil is extremely lasting. 
Long, narrow little bottles of gilded 
glass, in which the attar comes from 
abroad, are sold by dealers in Oriental 
goods, but the great bulk of the oil is 
absorbed by perfumers and allied trades. 
Being costly, the attar is said to be 
quite often adulterated, usually with oil 
of geranium. 
Soy Beans in Young Orchard. 
E. S. D., North East, Pa .— I am think¬ 
ing of planting Soy beans in a young prune 
orchard. As I wish to keep the ground 
well cultivated I would plant in rows. 
^Vhen should Soy beans be cut for fodder? 
" ben is best time to plant in this lati¬ 
tude ? 
Ans. —It is probable that the owner 
of this prune orchard desires not only 
<o obtain a supply of fodder, but at the 
saline time to maintain the fertility of 
1'is soil by the use of the Soy bean. 
\ ery favorable reports are current of 
the great benefits from this plant as a 
f oil renovator, especially from the 
South. Some have used them with suc- 
as the pods are well formed if used for 
hay, and if for silage a little later. It 
is advisable to try them in a small way 
at first till their adaptability for the 
soil and climate can be judged first 
hand. p. b. c. 
Improving Old Pasture. 
B. T. C., New York .—I wish to turn over 
an old pasture this Spring, thought that 
if plowed, then thoroughly limed and finally 
sown with Crimson clover and a good pas¬ 
ture mixture of grasses I could have a sat¬ 
isfactory pasture before the Summer is over. 
My idea in sowing the Crimson clover is 
that it would supply the soil with nitrogen, 
and being an annual would then disappear 
at the end of the season, while the pas¬ 
ture grasses sown at the same time would 
be benefited by the nitrogen in the soil. 
Ans. —This is not the best plan to 
start new pasture. The Crimson clover 
will not be satisfactory. This is not a 
crop for Spring seeding. It will grow 
only a few inches high and when hot 
weather comes go to seed and die, leav¬ 
ing the old pasture to come back and 
control the ground with many weeds and 
coarse grasses. We should try to mellow 
that soil and subdue the old sod before 
reseeding. You can plow and plant po¬ 
tatoes or early corn, cultivate both ways 
and keep clean. Then seed to pasture 
grasses. Or you can plow and lime 
and seed to Canada peas and oats. 
These can be cut in July for hay or 
may be plowed under and the land 
seeded to buckwheat. This can be put 
under in early September and then the 
pasture grasses seeded. You will get 
a more enduring and satisfactory seed¬ 
ing in this way. 
She (in art museum): “They say 
that famous marine artist was once a 
plain farmer’s boy. I wonder where he 
developed his talent?” He: “Probably 
drawing water on the farm.”—The 
Pathfinder. 
Patients “But, doctor, you are not 
asking $5 for merely taking a cinder 
out of my eye?” Specialist: “Er—no. 
My charge is for removing a foreign 
substance from the superficies of the 
cornea.’’—The Pathfinder. 
. 
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v • v y >• *• • i . •, * • .. /•.j . ■ /L • 
don’t wait till the 
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SPRAYING TIME 
Spraying time is here. You can get more and bet¬ 
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