G&4. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
April 19, 
CANADIAN BLACK FOX FARMING. 
A Craze for Producing Fur. 
Part II. 
A fox ranch or farm is planned with 
great care. Some of the breeders have 
what they call trade secrets, but in a 
general way the details are not compli¬ 
cated. The ranch is generally located 
in a quiet spot, like a grove or piece of 
underbrush, not far from the owner’s 
dwelling. There are two enclosures, the 
outer one of an acre or more. This is 
surrounded by a fox-proof fence. The 
outer fence is often a stockade of two- 
inch planks and nine or 10. feet high. 
There is an overhung wire shelf extend¬ 
ing two feet inward at the top to pre¬ 
vent the foxes from climbing out. In 
some cases the fence is made of wire 
with a strip of iron around the bottom, 
or the bottpm of the fences are some¬ 
times made of cement. Wire is also 
sunk three feet or more into the ground 
with another inward shelf, this being 
done to prevent the foxes from digging 
out. Inside this outer yard are pad- 
docks 30 x 40 feet, one for each pair of 
foxes. There is a yard for the animals 
to run and play, and a kennel or fox 
house, double boarded and divided into 
cleaning and nesting rooms. The mouth 
of each kennel is a crooked tube or 
the next five years a single high-class 
fox will be killed for its fur, since the 
animals are worth so much more for 
breeding purposes. About four-fifths 
of all captive foxes in Canada are kept 
on Prince Edward Island. The busi¬ 
ness is growing slowly in other sec¬ 
tions, but this island is headquarters for 
the industry. The Russian Government 
has sent a representative to study the 
business and prepare a report, as it is 
possible that black foxes may be bred 
in parts of Russia. The business is not 
confined to individuals, but may become 
cooperative. One deal in fox farming 
which carried $18,000 involved 24 of 
these persons in a corporation. The 
Canadian government is enacting strict 
laws to protect these fur breeders. The 
Province of Quebec has a law prohibit¬ 
ing strangers from approaching the en¬ 
closure of fur farms beyond a distance 
of 75 feet. Heavy fines are imposed 
upon persons who break into an enclos¬ 
ure where fur-bearing animals are kept, 
and any dog roaming about such en¬ 
closures may be killed by the owners. 
In addition to fox farming a mink ranch 
has been started in Quebec. We have 
given these facts about fox farming 
merely as an interesting matter of news, 
and do not advise our readers to go 
spout, often built so as to resemble the 
entrance to an animal burrow. 
A pair of foxes will be put into each 
yard and left there alone. The average 
weight of a healthy fox is 11 to 12 
pounds. If possible, running water is 
provided for each pen. The fox eats 
almost anything. Near the sea fish is 
given, unsalable meat, flesh from dead 
horses and similar food. Small game, 
mice and crickets are given, but rats are 
not fed. With the more expensive 
animals breeders are very careful of the 
diet, and feed hardtack or sea biscuit, 
or an unleavened bread containing tal¬ 
low. The patent dog biscuits are also 
used. Berries are relished by the foxes, 
and they are also fond of fresh green 
grass,' which is either fed twice a week 
or grown where the foxes can get at it. 
Great care is taken of the female foxes, 
and they are even fed eggs, milk or 
gruel. Just before an animal is killed 
for its hide, especially with a high-class 
fox, some of the breeders feed honey, 
molasses or a stock food, as they think 
this increases the value of the pelt. The 
into the business, or to expect returns 
from it. From what we have stated it 
is evident that this is a business only 
for special localities, and men who have 
a special training and instinct. It is 
one of the -remarkable developments of 
local farming, but not a thing for gen¬ 
eral practice by ordinary people. 
H. w. C. 
Lump Jaw. 
I have just discovered a bunch the size 
of a hen’s egg, hard and tender to touch, 
upon the jaw of a two-year-old heifer. I 
suspect lump jaw, although she never was 
off the farm in her life, nor have we ever 
had a case before. She is very thrifty, v. 
hate to sacrifice her. Would it be profitable 
to try to cure her, and if cured would slio 
be ail right for breeding and milk? She 
is due to calve in September. What treat¬ 
ment would you advise? a. w. b. 
Rhode Island. 
The disease is due to invasion of a 
scratch or cut by the ray fungus (acti- 
nomyces) and this fungus infests cereals 
and * fodders, so that the animal need not 
leave the farm to become infected. It is 
not spread directly by affected animals. 
Have the affected mass cut out and the 
wound cauterized by a graduate veter¬ 
inarian. This will prove effectual, if the 
case has not progressed too far. The milk 
may safely be used and the disease has no 
hereditary effect. a. s. a. 
estimated cost of feeding one of these 
black foxes is $10 to $15 per annum. 
The foxes are permitted to burrow in 
the yard, the wire holding them back 
from escaping. It is thought that such 
burrowing helps them. With a pair of 
black foxes worth $10,000 it is evident 
that great care must be taken, for they 
are worth every attention to protect 
them from disease or danger. As an 
illustration of the value of some of 
these animals, a report is given of one 
two-year-old male fox which was last 
Spring the father of 10 pups, aggregat¬ 
ing $15,000 in value. The female fox is 
exceedingly nervous and wild, and no ef¬ 
fort is made to disturb her until the 
young foxes are weaned or large enough 
to be shown. If the fox is disturbed at 
this time she is quite likely to bury 
them alive in the snow, or in the ground, 
and it would seem as if a man must be 
about two-thirds fox in order to succeed 
at this business. There are cases where 
highly intelligent city men thought to 
succeed in fox breeding, but have failed 
entirely from inability to understand the 
instinct and nature of the female fox, 
so that evidently this business is one of 
the most complicated and difficult to 
learn of anything connected with farm¬ 
ing, if we may call fox breeding a part 
of that industry. 
There can be no question about the 
faith which these Canadians have in the 
future of their business. The industry 
is growing as fast as black foxes can 
be supplied for breeding purposes. As 
stated last week, it is doubtful if during 
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SUPERIOR 
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HANGING STANCHIONS 
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OSTEIt STICK I. °" ,V '""‘ 1V ‘ 
