1913. 
THK RURAL NEW-YORKER 
689 
The Henyard. 
BREEDING FOR EGG PRODUCTION. 
The practical failure of the attempt 
to produce a flock of exceptionally 
heavy layers through continued trap¬ 
nesting and selection at the Maine Ex¬ 
periment Station has further compli¬ 
cated the problem of increasing egg 
production through breeding. The 
Orono Station kept continuous trap- 
nest records of Barred Plymouth Rocks 
for nine years, subjecting thousands of 
birds to selection for increased egg pro¬ 
duction through this long period of 
time, and at the end, had a flock in no 
way superior in this respect to those 
with which they started. In Bulletin 
No. 205, issued from the station, 
the record of a five-year study of the 
problems connected with the inheri¬ 
tance of fecundity is given. This study 
was made by Dr. Raymond Pearl, 
biologist of the station, who had the 
results of the previous nine years’ 
work as a basis from which to carry 
forward further investigations. While 
this bulletin is altogether too technical 
for popular reading, it discusses 
theories of practical value to every 
poultryman; and we shall take from 
it a brief summary of the conclusions 
reached by Dr. Pearl as a result of his 
work. These conclusions need not be 
taken as yet proven, but they repre¬ 
sent the teaching of this long continued 
study, as interpreted by Dr. Pearl; and 
they form a foundation, at least, for 
further investigation which may, or may 
not, confirm them. 
Dr. Pearl would define fecundity as 
the innate, potential, reproductive ca¬ 
pacity of an animal, and shows that it 
depends upon many factors. That a 
hen may possess the anatomical struc¬ 
ture needed in a layer, and yet not pro¬ 
duce eggs, was shown by the autopsy 
held upon the body of hen No. 8051; 
this hen was perfectly formed, having a 
fully developed ovary and other repro¬ 
ductive organs, yet, in the more than 
two years of her life, she had never 
laid an egg. Clearly the function of 
egg laying has a physiological as well 
as an anatomical basis. The essential 
facts brought out in this study of fe¬ 
cundity appear to Dr. Pearl to be as 
follows: 
The egg-laying record of a hen, 
taken by itself, gives no reliable indica¬ 
tion of the probable egg production oi 
her daughters. Furthermore, selection 
on the basis of egg production of the 
females alone, even though long con¬ 
tinued and stringent, failed completely 
to produce any steady change in type in 
the direction of such selection. An 
analysis of the records of large numbers 
of birds showed, beyond doubt, that 
there is no relation between the egg 
production of an individual, and that of 
her ancestors or progeny. Notwith¬ 
standing the above facts, fecundity in 
the domestic fowl is in some manner 
inherited. This has been shown to be 
true by the propagation of strains of 
fowls which breed true to definite de¬ 
grees of fecundity; some to high, some 
to low degrees of this character. The 
basis for variations in fecundity is not 
anatomical; the number of visible egg 
yolks forming within the ovary bears 
no relation to the actual egg produc¬ 
tion. 
High fecundity may be inherited by 
daughters from their sire, independent 
of the dam. Numerous cases show the 
same proportion of high producing 
daughters of a sire whether he be mated 
to a dam of high or low degree in this 
respect. High fecundity is not inherited 
by daughters from their dam, as is 
shown by the fact that continued selec¬ 
tion of high producing dams does not 
dter the egg production of the daugh- 
iers. A low degree of fecundity may 
be inherited by the daughters from 
oither sire or dam, or both. 
The bulletin quoted discusses other 
factors connected with inheritance of 
productivity in fowls, but too technically 
for the purposes of this article. The 
conclusion reached by Dr. Pearl which 
will be of greatest interest to practi¬ 
cal poultrymen, is that high productiv¬ 
ity in our domestic fowl is not inherited 
from the dam but from the sire, and 
that any method of selection for increas¬ 
ing the egg production of a strain 
which takes into account only the egg 
records of the fowls must, of necessity, 
be a haphazard one which cannot be 
relied upon for permanent improvement. 
M. B. D. 
When you write advertisers mention The 
I t. N.-T. and you’ll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
msam 
S. C. White Leghorns 
are shelling ont the eggs at 
America’s greatest poultry farm. 
We have just published a 
BEAUTIFUL BOOK 
lavishly illustrated, which fully de¬ 
scribes our buildings and equipment, 
our methods of feeding and manage¬ 
ment and tells all about Ingleside 
Leghorns and Pekin ducks—eggs, baby 
chicks and ducklings, mature stock. 
Learn how our great farms have 
been developed and how yon, too, 
can reach success. 
I »r\ The booh will 
be mailed for 
i ten cents, coin 
or stamps. Get 
yoars today. 
Tngleside Farms 
■'itfTM Company 
Thorndale, Pa. 
_ Box 32 
17 C* C* O- FR 0 M WORLD'S BEST LAYING STRAINS 
H, VJ V-»iJ Fishel W. R., $1-15 or $5—100; I.R. 
■ $1—11; Blakers VV. H. tnrkeys, $3—10. 
C. 15. CASSEL, It. D. 3, Middletown, Pa. 
Mapes’ IM s rR C A U iN TE S. C. White Leghorns 
“ Mapes The Hen Man,” who is my Fa ther, and I 
have been twenty years establishing this strain. It 
has been built up from the best Leghorn blood in 
this conntry. J?gg8 from special matings at 
$2.00 per 15; from good utility stock. $6.U0 per 100. 
Day-old chicks at 15c each. 
JESSE E. MAPES, Valley View Farm, MIDDLETOWN, N. Y. 
W ILD MALLAKD DUCK EGGS—$3 per 12. 
THOMAS ASH MEAD, - WILLIAMSON, N. Y. 
WHITE WYANDOTTE EGGS-Duston strain. Eggs, $2.00 
W per setting. THOMAS ASHMEAD, Williamson, N. Y. 
Rarr<»<l Rnrh F CT(rQ —From heavy-laying strain, 
Ddrrea ROCK LggS hen-hatched, free range 
chickens. 1)0* fertility guaranteed. $1—15; $2.50— 
50; $4.50 per 100. Euoene D. Hall, Chatham, Chester Co., Pa. 
EGGS FOR HATCHINfii? 
D. W. Young strain; $6 per 100; $3.50 tier 50; $1.25 
per 15. MEADOW VIEW POULTRY FARM, Suffielrf. Conn. 
Hnnp’s Crescent Strain of Rose Comb T„_l, 01 , e 
oone s Reds and Mammoth Bron2e i urkeys 
Eggs for hatching from exhibition matings; also 
utility matings of tested layers. Three of my Al¬ 
bany and Schenectady winners will bo given free to 
the parties ordering the largest number of eggs dur¬ 
ing months of April and May. 1913. Mating list free. 
D. R. HONE, CRESCENT HILL FARM, SHARON SPRINGS, N. Y. 
Baby Chicks 12c Eadr£™j 'rc"?s\’S 
Leghorns. Prompt delivery. A hatch every week. 
Safe arrival guaranteed. Circular free. CHAS. R. 
STONE, Baby Chicken Farm, Staatsburo-on-Hudson, N. Y. 
INDIAN RUNNERS 
(White egg strain.) 13—$1: 50—$3.50. 
MRS. JAS, WITNEY, Montgomery, N. V. 
Hark! Hear Those Eggs Fall 
The same startling prices of S. C. White and Brown 
Leghorns. $3—100: $1.75—50 : 75c—15; $25—1000. Also 
500 yearling hens for sale, hatched last April and 
May. Write for prices today, 
Riverside Poultry Farms, - Gilboa, N, Y. 
Rl AflK I FfiHflRN~ K ggs f°r hatching, $5 per 100. 
DLAOrt Lcununro World’s best egg producers 
A. E. HAMPTON, Route 4, P1TTSTOWN, N. J- 
Crystal W. ORPINGTON EGGS 
$2 per 15; $4 per 50. Corning W. Leghorn eggs, $1.50 
per 15; $<> per 100. All standard bred. 
LAKEREST POULTRY FARM, R. F. 0. 1. Livingston Manor, N.Y. 
H ATCHING EGGS—From trap-nested W. P 
Rocks. $6 per 100. A. S. BRIAN. Mt. Kisco, N.Y] 
White Indian Runner Ducksif^ p standi 
English Runners. Eggs, $1 per sitting 11 eggs. Crys¬ 
tal White Eggs. R. W. Shipman, R. 3, Hollidaysburo, Pa. 
MAMMOTH BRONZE TURKEYS 
From 40-lb. toms and 25-lb. hens. Pairs not akin 
Eggs in season. Barred Rock day-oldchicks 12c each. 
MISS JOSEPHINE CARPENTER. Gouverneur. N. Y’ 
C C BROWN LEGHORN EGGS—20 for Sl-$3.50 per 100- 
* * Good stock guaranteed. H. A. Thatcher, Perulack.Pa' 
INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS 
Fawn and White. Waltons and Pencilled. Healthy, 
vigorous, pure stock and big producers. Kept nnder 
natural conditions. Big white eggs. $2 per 15. A fair 
hatch and safe delivery guaranteed. We show you 
how. Get free mating list and prices for incubator 
eggs. CHERRY HILL FARM, Pittstown. N. J. 
KFI I FRSTR A ^-crystal white 
i IXAVOO 0 RPI ngtONS—E ggs 
from birds that weigh 8 3 4 lbs. price. $3 per 15 
W. A. KAISER, 2703 Jamaica Ave , Richmond Hili, L. I., N.Y. 
THE MATTITUCK WHITE LEGHORN FARM positively del- 
1 ivers chicks ON TIME. Hatches average 70*. Big 
stocky chicks. Stock is right; eggs are right • 
chicks are right. Send for circular and testimo¬ 
nial letters. Arthur H. Penny, Mattituck, N. Y 
CHICK BOXES - EGG BOXES 
Safety! Absolute Safety!! Unqualified Safety!!! 
Gray’s “PJfEU-VEN’T* 1 Baby Chick Shipping Box, all sizes, scien¬ 
tifically simple and efficient. Ventilation adjustable all four 
side* of top; double walls, triple bottom; chicks never chilled. 
Ready for use In 30 seconds; shipped flat, very strong. Big pro¬ 
duction, low prices. 
Gray’s “ PBfEU*OrSHIO!f M Parcels Post and Express Egg Box. 
Hailed by poultrymen as only absolutely safe box on market. 
SAFETY, . ABSOLUTE SAFETY, THEN MORE SAFETY, from 
blows or vibration, assured. Extension partitions suspend eggs 
1 inches away from all sides. All corrugated paper. Shipped 
flat ; few parts ; prices low, 
SAMPLE EITHER BOX 
sent postpaid anywhere for 25c., which 
will be refunded on first order. 
WRITE FOR ILLUSTRATED GENERAL PRICE LIST 
We Guarantee Immediate Deliveries 
JOHN W. GRAY & CO. 
168 D, West 23d St., - - NEW YORK 
125 Egg Incubator $1j A 
and Brooder “o™ “lIf 
If ordered together 
Freight paid east of 
Rockies. Hot water, 
copper tanks, double 
, walls, double glass 
’ doors. Free catalog 
them. Send for it today. 
Wisconsin Incubator Co., 
Box 11$Racine, Wis. 
MAPLE COVE POULTRY YARDS 
R. No. 24, Athens, Pa. Breeders for 32 years of 
purebred poultry of high quality. Eggs for hatch¬ 
ing. Silver Campines, Leghorns, Minorcas, Reds, 
Wyandottes,Cochins, Rocks. Geese, Ducks,Guineas. 
B UFF WHITE LEGHORNS, S. C. U. I. REUS— Eggs, Mr. per 15 
$1.50 per 30. Mottled Adcoimh, BL Minorca*, ezgn, Il.oo per 
IS*, $1.75 per 30. Catalogue free. John A. Both. Qnnkertown, Fa 
MAKA-SHELL'J.T’fS 
irth. Increases egg pro¬ 
duction. The original sil- 
GRIT 
iea grit. Avoid substi 
tutes. Ask your local I 
dealer or send $1.25 
fortwo 100-lb. bags f.o.b. cars. Agents wanted. 
EDGE HILL SILICA ROCK CO. 
Box J New Brunswick, N. J, 
PFILE’S 65 Varieties 
V AND and Water Fowls. Farm. 
u raised stock, with eqgs In season. 
Send 2c for my valuable Illustrated de¬ 
scriptive Poultry Book for 1913. Write 
Henry Pflle, Box 074 Freeport, III. 
IVlacKellar’s Charcoal 
For Poultry Is best Coarse or fine granulated, also 
powdered. Buy direct from largest manufacturers ot 
Charcoal Products. Ask for prices and samples. Est. 1844 
H. MacKELLAR’S SONS CO., Peekskill, N. Y. 
Greider's Fine Catalogue 
and calendar of pore-bred pooltry for 1913, largo, 
many pages of poultry facts. 70 varieties illustrat¬ 
ed and described. Iucubatora and brooders, low 
price of stock and eggs for hatching. A perfect 
guide to all poultry raisers. Send 10 cents today, 
B. H. GREIDER, Box 58, Rheems, Pa. 
THOROUGHBRED POULTRY—Best 20 varieties. Vigor 
■ ous, healthy stock. Good layers. Eggs, 15—$1; 40 
—$2. Catalogue. H. K. MOHR, R. No. 3, Quakertown, Pa. 
EXTRA LAYING STRAIN White Wyandottes. 
c Eggs, $1.50 and$2 per 15. W. J. THOMSON. Delhi, N. Y. 
WHITE WYAIDOTTES-tfSrKlSrASK: 
Great laying strain. Satisfaction guaranteed. 
Prices reasonable. CLARENCE H. FOGG, Bridgeton, N. J. 
C AND R C. BUFF LEGHORNS-Eggs for hatching- 
from tine-laying and prize-winning stock. Eggs 
$1.50 to $3 per 15. George McCann, R. R. 2. Coraopolis, Pa. 
S. C. WHITE LEGHORNS 
Day-old Chicks, $12 per 100 ; Eggs, $5 per 100. 
Large, vigorous, trne Leghorn type. Persistent 
layers. Unlimited range. Hot water mammoth 
inenbators used. Satisfaction guaranteed. 
VANCREST POULTRY FARM. R. D. No. 54, SALT POINT. N Y. 
Fernwood Farm & Gardens, Yorktown, N.Y. 
C r Whitp I i»<rhnrn«~ E2!IS for hatehin 2 from 
■3. c. yy mie Legnorns !natnre birds b red for 
vigor and egg production. Write for prices. 
FLOYD Q. WHITE, successor to White & Rice. 
THE MATTITUCK WHITE LEGHORN FARM now offers 
* chicks at $10 per 100. Satisfaction in every respect 
guaranteed. Address, Arthur H. Penny, Mattituck, N. Y. 
flMrn»»gc- BEST OF WINTER LAYERS. 
EGGS AND STOCK FOR SALE. 
E. B. MANN • DELAWARE, NEW JERSEY 
ANC0NAS—Free range, great laying strain. Eggs, . 
" $1.50 per 15; $6 per 100. White Runner Ducks. 
Eggs, $2 per 12. J. W. ANDERSON, Delhi, N. Y, 
EGGS FOR HATCHING—White Orpingtons. 
“ White Leghorns. Black Minorcas. Rhode Island 
Reds, Barred Plymouth Rocks, Price list mailed. 
TAFT POOLTRY FARM, Box 37, Holland Patent, New York 
IP Bronze Turkey. Runner Duck, Tou- 
louse Goose, White Leghorn. If yon 
want something good. JAS. M. FRYE, Ligonier, Ind. 
P ft Q G—Choice Buff Wyandotte Eggs excln- 
, , sively. $1 per sitting of 15: $5 hun¬ 
dred. Purebred: free range; good layers. 
CHAS. I. MILLER, R. F. D. No. 1. Hudson, N. Y. 
EGGS FOR HATCHING 
$1 per 15 ; $G per 100; from an extra large sized and 
one of the best-laying strains of S. C. W. Leghorns 
in existence. J. M. CASE, Gilboa, New York 
1 IVING EGG MACHINES—R. C. Buff Leg- 
“* horns. M.-st beautiful and hardy of fowls. Eggs, 
$2 per 15. Circular. W. J. Thomson, Delhi, N. Y. 
EGGS FOR HATCHINGiSKS^ 
perior egg production, early maturity and combined 
show points. J. P. BURCH, Miller ton, N.Y. 
Baby Chicks — Hatching Eggs 
Jh C. W Leghorns. R. I. Reds Barred Rocks, 
White Wyandottes. Bred to lay. Prices right. 
SUNNY HILL FARM, Flemiugton, N. j. 
Eggs for Hatching — 10 Cents per Egg 
From large, rigorous farm raised S. C. Buff Orpingtons. 
Have averaged 504 egg yield from Nov. 1st. Winners 
at Olenu Poultry Show. w. B. CLARK, Chipmonk, N. Y 
PHANfF TO j m P r °ve your S- C. W. Leg- 
L 1 X U |, om stoc ). by p„ rt .ba>iug 
eggs from flock averaging 163 eggs per year and 
headed by grandsons of Lady Cornell, whose official 
record was 257 per year. Eggs, $1.50—15: $8 per 100 
VALLEY VIEW HEIGHTS. S. L. Purdie, Mgr., GENOA, N. Y. 
DLUE RIBBON STRAIN WHITE WYANDOTTE HATCHING 
D EGGS, $1 PER DOZEN BY MAIL. 
Send check, money or money-order. 
HESSIAN HILL FARM. Croton-ou-Hudson. N.Y. 
B K S T 
BREED 
n 
-Igs 
tility and Show. Circulars Free. 
0HN WILLMARTH, Amity vdle, N. Y. 
THE FARMER’S FAVORITE WINTER LAYERS-Kellerstrass 
■ White Orpingtons. Eggs, $7.50 hundred up. 
Baby Chicks. W. R. Stevens, Culver Road, Lyons, N. Y. 
BARRED ROCK EGGS 
Nonpareil strain, utility bred, $1 per 15: $3.50 per 100. 
B. H. HENION, - . Brockport. N. Y. 
RARRFTT bred in the very best blood 
Drt.IVI\C.LI K.ULIV.13 iines- Eggs, $1 per sitting; 
$5 per TOO. CHAS. T. DOWNING. R. 2, West Chester, Pa. 
Columbian Rocks—Aurora Strain 
1st prize winners at New York and Bnffalo. Eggs, 
$3.00 and 15.00 per 15. Free mating list. 
LEW II. BOWS, - East Aurora, N. Y. 
Indian Runner Ducks—Barred Rocks 
Prize winners. Fawn and White I. K. cluck eggs $1.25 and $2 
per 13. Ro« k eggs $1 and $1.50 per 15. Catalogue free. 
CEO. F. WILLIAMSON, - Box 215, Flandors, N- J. 
B ARRED ROCK EGGS—! Special mating, $1 per 15; utility, $4 per 
100. Indian Runner Duck eggs, $1 per 12. M. B. Turkey 
oggs, $3 per 10. J. /. HERETER, R.X). 4, Gettysburg, Pa m 
Barred P. Rock Eggs 
from large liens on free range, $5 per 100; $3 for 50; 
$1.25 for 15. F. O. B. Washington, D. C. One breed 
only. W. A. SHEKMAN, R. 3, Vienna, Ya. 
PARKS’ Bred-to-Lay Barred Rocks 
Eggs guaranteed 904 fertile. $1 per 15 : $6 per hun¬ 
dred. Baby Chicks, $15 per hundred. Delivery 
guaranteed. THE MACKEY FARMS, Gilboa. New York 
DINGLET BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK HATCHING EGGS from 
•* large vigorous birds. Infertile eggs replaced 
free. CHAS. A. MAK KNXY, Brewster. N. Y. 
Bargain Sale of Breeden^ 
for batching. Big illustrated circular Free. 
JOHN E. HEATWOLE, Box 22. Harrisonburg. Va. 
Mammoth Pekin Duck Eggs"^ 1 ^- c ^; 
In buying our stock none was too good for us. 
Take advantage. EVERGREEN, Suffern, N. Y. 
POULTRYMEN"^ 61 "* 2c stanl P for Illustrated 
!■ •"£11 Catalog describing 35 varieties. 
LAST DONEGAL POULTRY YARDS MARIETTA PA 
INDIAN RUNNER DUCKS ^^s ^ 13 
C. A. KAYNEB, - - Buffalo, X. Y. 
T HE FARMER'S FOWL—Rose Comb Reds, best winter 
layers on earth. Eggs. $1.00 per 15. Catalogue 
free. THOS. WILDER, Route l, Richland. N. Y. 
PARTRIDGES I PHEASANTS 
Capercailzies, Black Game, Wild Turkeys, Quails, 
Rabbits, Deer, etc., for stocking purposes. Fancy 
Pheasants, Peafowl, Cranes, Storks. Beautiful 
Swans, Ornamental Geese and Ducks, Foxes, 
Squirrels, Ferrets, and all kinds of birds and 
animals. WM. J. MACK EX SEN, Natural, 
ist, Department 10, Yardley, Pa. 
HAMILTON 
FARMS 
WH ITE 
LEGHORNS 
HUNTINGTON, N.Y. 
We Guarantee 95 Per Cent. Fertility 
in our Hatching Eggs. Because we KNOW they are finest quality— 
strong, vigorous parent stock, and laid under sanitary conditions. 
Hamilton White Leghorn Chicks & Eggs 
bred right and carefully selected for shipment. They SATISFY 
Open range, green feed, careful mating, perfect housing—these thing* 
moke Hamilton Leghorns the best you can buy. Write today for 
our illustrated catalog and price list. It will save you money. 
HAMILTON FARM, Box G, Huntington, N. Y. 
Feed,Gr5wing ChicksPij 
~ They must be furnished with the right kind of material If they are 
to make satisfactory growth of muscle, bone and feather. Profit lies 
In quick growth and early maturity. Rush those cockerels to market¬ 
able size and turn them into cash before prices fall. Get the pullets 
completely developed and ready to till the nests with fall and winter 
eggs. 
Baby Chick Food 
contains Just the necessary ingredients to give them during the first three 
weeks the best possible start, at a cost of lc per chick. In boxes and bags, 
25c, 50c. $1 up. After the third week mix 
ft&Z’ Poultry Regulator 
In the ration to aid digestion and make the greatest gain for every pound 
Of feed consumed. 25c, 50c. $1. 25-ib. Pail. $2.50. 
‘Your money hack if it fails.” 
Our products are sold by dealers everywhere, or 
PRATT FOOD COMPANY 
Philadelphia Chicago 
