1013. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
sir 
AN OREGON DAIRY PROBLEM. 
I am expecting to start a 12 or 15 cow 
dairy on about 30 acres of river bottom soil, 
which is very rich. I have now a 23-acre 
orchard and while I have kept from one to 
six cows for years am not an experienced 
dairyman by any means. My partner and 
I want to make no mistake. The soil will 
raise good Alfalfa hay and wo shall irrigate, 
although two crops can be cut without arti¬ 
ficial moisture. Vetch does well also and 
[ presume the clovers would grow heavily 
on such soil. Corn, oats and oat hay and 
barley can be grown on this land with very 
large fields, also beets, in fact a 5(J-pound 
mangel was raised on it. Now what shall 
we grow? Alfalfa I presume cannot be 
beaten for hay. What about silage, roots 
and kale? The latter yields terrifically. 
Bran costs here $22. shorts $23.50. and 
middlings $30. Make us a statement of 
what in your opinion would be the best 
ration of what we can raise and what we 
can buy. 
Also, shall we buy Jerseys or Holsteins? 
We plan to sell the cream to the creamery. 
Do we lose much by not making butter? 
Butter to-day is 30 cents per pound and 
butter fat 38 cents per pound. This is 
Spring here, you understand ; in the Winter 
butter has been 45 cents per pound. How 
many hogs shall we keep with 12 or 15 
cows? Shall we buy a milking machine? 
We shall have our own electric plant with 
a storage battery. What is the best form 
of silo for us, if any? Lumber is $12 per 
1.000, rough. How big should it be and 
could you give us a plam to go by? We 
figure on paying not less than $100 each 
for cows and would pay more if we could, 
but can build up with a registered sire. 
give the following points “careful con¬ 
sideration:” The Jerseys are the high 
testers, so do you want more or less 
skim-milk for the butter fat you re¬ 
ceive? Butter fat is made from cheap 
feeds and skim-milk from high-priced 
protein feeds. Jerseys are more nerv¬ 
ous than Holsteins. Holsteins are larger 
and require more food to keep up their 
body. Jersey milk, after separating 
(skim-milk) is worth more as a feed 
for calves and hogs, as it also contains 
more solid—casein and milk-sugar—the 
tissue building elements. All records of 
high-testing Jerseys are for one year 
or longer, while most of those given 
out for Holsteins are for shorter peri¬ 
ods, and many are seven-day tests. If 
you expect to have breeding stock to 
sell, consider which breed will be the 
best seller in your territory. And lastly, 
for the deciding point, face yourself 
squarely and see if you do not like one 
breed a little better than the other. 
That’s the breed that will do the best 
for you. Butter should be about 85% 
butter fat, so 38 cents for butter fat is 
better than 30 gents for butter. We 
would have to have the prices reversed 
before we would consider making but¬ 
ter. If you have a small herd of cows 
you have enough to start with. Get the 
best sire you can afford to of the breed 
you decide on and be sure you get 
your money’s worth. Get a cream tester 
and a pair of milk scales. Weigh every 
milking, and test at least every other 
month. Keep the heifer calves. Sell 
your poorest cows as your herd in¬ 
creases. Buy a registered cow or heifer 
of your breed when you get well started 
and you will soon have a herd that 
AN OREGON BUTTER COW IN CLOVER. Fig. 202. 
Don't say buy the breed you like best; we 
have no preference. Is it a fact that Llok 
steins beat Jerseys at butter production? 
Oregon. o. H. c. 
Alfalfa, as yet, we have not been able 
to grow here successfully, but we con¬ 
sider it far ahead of clover. The clover, 
especially on rich river bottom like you 
have in the Rogue River Valley, will 
grow very large and coarse 3”d make 
very poor dairy hay. Then if you pas¬ 
ture it back, especially with cows, in 
the Spring it often gives it that pasture 
taste which the cows do not like and 
will not eat unless forced to it, but still 
it gives better results than the coarse 
clover. As for vetch it is the best dairy 
hay we can grow here. But we still 
consider Alfalfa better than vetch. 
Vetch with enough oats to hold them 
up makes a very fine milk producer. 
Harley we know very little about, but 
would consider it better horse hay. We 
are now feeding about 1(4 pounds oil- 
meal, seven pounds bran, 20 pounds 
ilage, and all the mixed bay, mostly 
clover, they will eat up clean. Some 
individuals get more of one thing and 
some more of another as their wants 
seem to demand. We take results and 
the cow’s word as to what she needs 
more than a ration by figures. Bran 
here is $23.50 and oat chop $30. If they 
got very much closer in price we would 
■ ut down the bran and add a half or 
more oat chop. Shorts and middlings 
we do not use—getting better results 
‘lorn large flaky bran with no shorts 
m it. Roots, especially mangels, are a 
cry handy Winter feed and are great 
tor keeping cows in the pink of condi¬ 
tion. Corn silage, like roots gives the 
cmvs nearer Spring conditions in the 
A niter time, and at the same time keeps 
heavy producing cows up in better flesh. 
As to breed, we breed Jerseys only, 
find our neighbor breeds Holsteins. We 
uould select the same breed again if 
we started over, and so would our 
neighbor. It would take as much argu¬ 
ment, or more, to have us change to the 
"t <cr breed as it would him, so do not 
tfike any breeder’s word for the “onlv 
And to keep.” but write both clubs for 
nterature regarding their breed and 
you will be proud of and one that by 
your experience, and the aid of the 
tester and milk scales you will know 
more about than any other man could 
ever learn. 
Milking machines we know very lit¬ 
tle about, and would advise anyone to 
get into the business first and then look 
into such things as milking machines. 
We have two silos about 22 feet high 
and eight feet across. They feed 12 to 
15 cows all Winter along with mangels 
and kale. They are 2x4’s dressed on 
three sides, pinned together, set on a 
brick and cement foundation, and the 
whole thing made'airtight with fence 
ratchets and No. 9 wire. The doors are 
two 4x4’s up and down, held apart by 
rods and shut by inch foot-boards (two 
thicknesses) with broken joints. As we 
feed off a foot of silage ..e take out 
two boards and always keep the door 
down about even with the silage. These 
keep the silage well for us here. I will 
give more definite plans as to building 
if desired. chas. h. hays. 
Washington Co., Oregon. 
Cost of Raising Horses. 
The T T . S. Department of Agriculture has 
figured the cost of raising a three-year-old 
colt from 10,000 farm reports. The aver¬ 
age for the i'nited States is found to he 
$104.06; or, if we deduct the value of work 
done by the horse before he has passed his 
third year, namely $7.52, the net cost is 
$96.54 : this? is 70.9 per cent, of the selling 
value of such horses, $136.17. The cost 
varies widely by States, from an average 
of $69.50 for New Mexico, $71.59 for 
Wyoming, and $82.47 for Texas, to $156.60 
for liliode Island. $149.08 for Connecticut, 
and $141.80 for Massachusetts. 
Itemized, the cost is made up as fol¬ 
lows: Service fee. $12.95; value of time 
lost by mare in foaling. $10.06; breaking 
to halter, $2.22; veterinary service, $2.04: 
care and shelter, first year $4.9S, second 
year 8.>.36, third year $6.35 : cost of grain 
fed. first year $4.9$, second vear $7.14. 
third year $9.56; hav. first vear $4.14. 
second year $6.61. third year $8.48: pas¬ 
ture. first year $2.56. second year $5.41, 
third year $6.21 ; other costs, $5.01 ; total 
$104.06. The total cost for all feed is 
$56.30. being $21.68 for grain. $19.23 for 
hay, $14.18 for pasture, and $1.21 for 
other feeds. The total cost of care and 
shelter Is $16.69. Of the total cost. 54 
per cent, is charged to feeds, 16 per cent, 
to care and shelter, and 30 per cent, to 
other items, ns enumerated above, 
Three cows and a 
DE LAVAL 
CREAM 
_ SEPARATOR 
will make more money than 
four cows with gravity setting 
Thousands upon thousands of cow owners have already proved 
this statement; any experienced dairyman will verify itTor you. 
With such a big saving it is hard to understand why any cow 
owner should try to get along without a De Laval Cream Separator. 
If you are selling cream or making butter, and have no sepa¬ 
rator, or else an inferior machine, we know if we could put a 
De Laval on your place we would be doing you a personal favor. 
If you haven’t a separator don’t make the mistake of starting 
with a “ cheap ” or inferior machine. When you do buy a sepa¬ 
rator—as sooner or later you surely will—be sure to get the best 
—the De Laval. 
Remember, you can’t make money by trying to save money 
in the purchase price of a cream separator. A De Laval costs 
only a little more than the cheapest and will save you twice as 
much and last five to ten times as long as other separators. 
The De Laval Separator Co. 
NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO SEATTLE 
lllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIllIlllll 
Look at other endless apron 
spreaders. See how the apron is 
driven from oneendof the Beater? 
That wastes power and puts an 
awful strain on the Beater. 
On the Flying Dutchman Spreader the 
Apron and Beater are entirely independent 
of each other. Each takes its power direct 
from the axle. You can readily see how this 
greatly increases the power and lightens the draft. 
Both 
Apron and Beater Take 
Power Direct from Axle 
Spreader 
Whether the Flying 
Dutchman is in or out 
of gear, it is securely 
locked in that position. 
It cannot possibly 
change until you move 
the lever. If you have 
Lightest Draft Low Down 
Beater driven by one wheel — 
Apron by the other. 
You do not waste half of your traction power as you do when you 
drive entire machine from one side of the axle. Then, there's the 
great advantage of simplicity. 
Entire Machine is operated by ONE lever. 
There is no chance for an inexperienced driver to make a mistake 
and damage the machine. Ho cannot get held 
of the wrong lever—for there is only one—it 
operates both Beater and Apron. 
It is positively impossible to start the Apron 
until after the Beater has been put in operation. 
The range of adjustment is very great. You 
can spread any amount from 4 to 28 loads 
to the acre. And in addition there is a 
reserve speed of over 40 
> loads which quickly 
cleans out the last part 
of the load. 
Look for tie Flying Dutchman 
Dealer < 
He will show you any of the 
famous Flying Dutchman line of im¬ 
plements—or send us your address on 
a post card and say what you are in¬ 
terested in and we will mail you some interesting 
farm booktet-s. Why not write for these booklets 
today? Address Dept. 127 . 
Moline Plow Co., Moline, 111 o Adriance, P^att & Co., Poughkeepsie, N.Y. I 
BOOKS WORTH BUYING 
Animal B receding, Shaw. 1.50 
Breeding Farm Animals. Marshall.... 1.50 
Principles of Breeding. Davenport.. . . 2.50 
Study of Breeds. Shaw. 1.50 
Types and Breeds of Farm Animals, 
Plumb .'. 2.00 
Animal Castration, Liautard. 2.00 
Cheese Making. Decker. 1.75 
Business of Dairying, Lane. 1.25 
Butter and Butter Making, I’uhlow.. .50 
Clean Milk, Winslow. 3.25 
Dairy Bacteriology. Conn. 1.25 
Dairy Chemistry. Snyder. 1.00 
Dairy Farming, Michels. 1.00 
Handbook for Dairymen, Woll. 1.50 
Milk and Its Products. Wing. 1.50 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 40') PEARL STREET, NEW YORK 
