1913. 
Hogs that Gnaw Trees. 
I have a bogyard in an orchard, and 
the hogs gnaw the bark off the bottom of 
the trees and dig the dirt from the roots 
and gnaw them. Could you tell me any¬ 
thing I could put on the trees or anything 
I could do to stop them? Is there some¬ 
thing they ought to be fed? b. h. 
New York. 
Our observation is that hogs gnaw the 
trees to obtain some food principle not 
found in their feed. They do not 
trouble us in this way when they have 
a constant supply of wood ashes, salt, 
sulphur and charcoal before them. You 
can mix equal parts salt and sulphur 
and let them eat it at will. Keep wood 
ashes where they can help themselves, 
[lie hogs will not be likely to gnaw 
the trees if handled in this way. They 
do more damage rubbing against the 
tree trunks. Drive three or more strong 
stakes around each tree and nail wire 
netting around with a strand or two 
of .barbed wire. To prevent deep root¬ 
ing put rings in their noses. They root 
in this way in their search for white 
grubs. 
the rural new-yorker 
furrow. We have seen potatoes planted 
in this way that gave good yields. In 
addition to what you purpose doing 
we should roll or pack the soil after 
plowing. This is one of the necessary 
things when plowing rye under. Un¬ 
less it is done the hard, coarse rye straw 
will remain loose and open under ground, 
fermenting and letting in so much air 
that the soil will dry out. 
629 
Marketing Horseradish. 
.. A ' Pi, W > TJ lrce Bay, N. Y.—Can 
.vou tell mo if there is a paying market 
ror horseradish, and where? We have a 
large garden, and it is so full of horse¬ 
radish roots it looks as if it would be 
hard to do anything with it. The garden 
was plowed last Fall and now one could 
pick up the roots in quantity. IIow would 
be the best way to get it ready for mar¬ 
ket? We live only one-half mile from rail¬ 
way. 
Hay from Sprayed Orchard. 
J. S. L., Ashby, Mass .—IIow safe is it 
going to be to feed the hay from an orchard 
that has been properly sprayed three or 
four times this Spring? Spraying thor¬ 
oughly is the only way by which we can 
have any apples, and the last spraying 
must leave the grass pretty well sprinkled 
with the poison. 
Ans. —We should call the chances 
four to one against having any trouble 
from poisoned hay. We use the hay 
from such an orchard, though it has 
never been sprayed three times. We 
have man}' reports from men who use 
the hay from such orchards and have 
never had any trouble. There are cases 
of very dry seasons where the poison 
stuck to the grass after heavy spray¬ 
ing, or when the dregs were blown out 
on the grass. These produced poisoned 
hay. In Massachusetts an experiment 
was tried in spraying grass about as it 
would be covered by the drip from a 
sprayed tree. This grass was cured 
into hay. A few feeds of it caused no 
trouble, but when it was continuously 
ted for some weeks animals developed 
symptoms of poisoning. In a season 
with ordinary rain we should cut and 
cure such grass and mix it with other 
todder so as not to feed too much of 
it continuously. 
Method of Planting Apple Trees. 
(?. D. II., West Mansfield, Mass .—I wish 
to set out an apple orchard this coming 
Spring; the trees being Baldwins. IIow 
ueep do they have to he set in the ground 
above the roots? My soil is of a light loam 
'' ell drained, but porous, with the water 
level 15 feet below. I have read a little 
m regard to setting trees with dynamite, 
111 1 “ave always thought this best for clay 
and hardpan soil. 
Ans.— Good general advice is to plant 
i lie trees about one inch deeper than 
1 1 1 ey stood in the nursery row. You 
can tell how deep they were planted 
by the color and appearance of the bark 
•~the stem which stood above ground 
being darker and rougher than the 
buried part. For a small orchard we 
doubt if the dynamite would pay. We 
cig holes with a spade—just large 
enough to contain the trimmed roots 
without cramping. Our plan is to cut 
the roots back to about six inches 
long. Make a slanting cut on the under¬ 
side of the root so that when it is 
spread out at the bottom of the hole 
' us cut surface will be flat on the bot¬ 
tom soil. Fill in with good soil around 
the lower roots, and stamp and pack it 
as hard as possible. Do not under any 
uicumstances leave soil loose around 
the roots. We usually plant a yearling 
Jiee and cut it back to about two feet 
high. 
Plowing Under Potatoes. 
acJc ■'rv« w, f( erdn iVi Y -— 1 h!lve one-half 
when •iiimvf jn " t ?o Ck «’ be turned under 
toes V, 1 ' 12 inches high for pota- 
1911 in f, Patch was plowed in August, 
to Inches deep, sowed to rve • was 
wliich C °mS ' V , m V cat „ tle box-stall ‘manure, 
I f of liquid-soaked straw, 
turning„ 7 S Spring was again plowed, 
oughly g disked t0 1(Mn * h ^e, thor- 
le\a«l marked* J?? th ,.', vays and harrowed 
by h’ a 0l 't with plow and planted 
with i ,the result was a clean patch 
question 8 'is d tM« P ' w 0U & ht considered. 1 The 
turn tills ‘over S \v,io V °" *1 ! fc be Practical to 
or more about n, 7 e ,. Is nb,lt 12 inches 
every third fm-i. bv< j inches deep, and in 
blowed and f nh,nT Potatoes, when all 
barrow it? If not^,. thoroughly disk and 
11 • u not practical, why not? 
Stendv'TeS ,S P 7 Ctical if y° U hjlve a 
y team and can make a straight 
Ans.—I t will not pay you to grow 
horseradish for market in a small way 
unless you live near a large town or 
city where it can be carried to and sold 
direct to dealers or from house to house 
by yourself. I have known of quite a 
house to house business being done in 
the ready-to-use article, but those en¬ 
gaged in the business had experience 
in the growing and preparing of the 
root for market, and knew just how 
to handle it to make it pay. The in¬ 
experienced would not doubt meet with 
more or less discouragement until the 
growing and marketing of the crop was 
fully understood. It is doubtful if any 
of the roots you speak of lying on the 
ground are fit for market. When the 
roots are over one year old they be¬ 
come hard and stringy, and many of 
them will be hollow at the crown, with 
a rusty appearance inside. All such 
roots are unfit for market, and woulc 
find no sale in the large markets where 
horseradish is usually sold. To grow 
good marketable horseradish this" soil 
must be friable, deep and rich, and it 
not naturally so, it must be made right 
by heavy applications of manure, ordi¬ 
nary farm or garden land cannot be 
made rich enough in a single season; 
it will take two or three seasons heavy 
manuring to grow good marketable 
roots. 
The sets for planting are made from 
the lateral roots ranging in size from 
one-fourth to one-half inch in diameter, 
cut in lengths of four to six inches. 
They are planted in rows two feet apart, 
and 16 inches apart in the rows. The 
planting is generally done about the first 
of May. The planting is best performed 
by making a hole eight or 10 inches 
deep with a light crowbar or other 
suitable instrument, into which is drop¬ 
ped the set, so that the top end will 
be two to three inches under the sur¬ 
face. The top of the sets should never 
he nearer than two or three inches to 
the surface. After this set is dropped 
in the hole the earth should be pressed 
in alongside the set with the foot, so 
as to fill up the hole. When the sets 
are planted as directed, their coming 
up will he considerably delayed and on 
this account a crop of early cabbage or 
beets may he grown between the rows 
of horseradish without interference or 
injury to either crop, and thus increase 
the profits for the season. The horse¬ 
radish makes its principal growth in 
the hall, and when cabbage or beets 
are grown on the same ground these 
crojis will mature and can he cleared off 
before the horseradish makes enough 
growth to interfere wth the handling of 
the other and earlier maturing crop. 
The digging of the horseradish roots 
is usually done in late November or 
early December, at which time the 
small roots are cut or broken off and 
tied in hunches of SO and buried in 
the open ground until Spring. The large 
or marketable roots are put away in 
pits, as in the preservation of any 
root crop. The pit, after being cov¬ 
ered with earth, should be in turn cov¬ 
ered with six or eight inches of straw 
or other litter, so as to prevent the 
ground freezing hard. This will make 
the pit easy of access in hard, freezing 
weather, so that the roots may be taken 
out at any time during the Winter. The 
preparation of the root for market is 
quite simple; it consists in cutting off, 
the green tops and small rootlets, after 
which it should be well washed and all 
rust or other spots scraped with the 
knife, when it is ready for packing and 
shipment. The crop is usually sold by 
weight, and the price is generally based 
on what it is selling for by the hundred 
weight in the market. Deep, rich, mel¬ 
low land will, under favorable weather 
conditions, produce about five tons to 
J® acre - The average price is about 
per ton, sometimes higher, some¬ 
times lower, much depending on the 
supply and demand. K 
IL 
r \f 
W4 
■ 
Hfi 
’Jackson ’’Olympic”—$1500 
f£ u v r ^horsepower; unit power plant: long stroke motor. 
4/s x 434-mches, 115-inch wheelbase; 34x4-inch tires. Complete 
equipment, mdudmg Disco starten^ Black and nickel trimmings. 
Electric starter and lights, optional $225 extra 
"Majestic”, four cylinders. $1975 “Sultanic 
six cylinders. $2650 
Jackson comfort more than 
merely soft cushions 
We believe in deep upholstery and 
soft cushions; and we put them 
in our cars. 
But we know —by virtue of eleven 
years of experience—that these 
are not the beginning and the end 
of real automobile comfort 
And we have done the best this 
long experience has taught us to 
put real comfort into Jackson cars. 
The secret lies in engineering abil¬ 
ity and engineering design. 
Spring suspension, distribution and 
balance of weight, length of wheel- 
baser*wheel size, all influence the 
car’s riding qualities. 
Jackson springs are all full elliptic, 
they ride 33 to 100 per cent eas¬ 
ier than other types. 
Jackson seat cushions are 10 inches 
Lthick; they are tilted slightly 
toward the rear. The seat backs 
reach to your shoulders. 
Jackson wheelbases are long; and 
the wheel sizes are correctly pro¬ 
portioned. 
All that engineering ingenuity can 
do to make the car ride easily, 
has been done in the Jackson. 
Your probUm is to chose the most 
comfortable car. 
Write for the Jackson catalog and 
dealer’s name. 
Then ride in the car and your prob¬ 
lem is solved—for you will find 
the Jackson car the most comfort¬ 
able car you ever sat in. 
JACKSON AUTOMOBILE CO.. 1500 E. Main St.. JACKSON. MICH. 
51LD FILLER5 
Handsome, illustrated booklet giving 30 
convincing reasons for buying the 
powerful, low down, underslung, cut- 
under oak frame, Appleton Silo Filler, 
mailed free. Write for it to-day. 
APPLETON MFG. CO 
427 FARGO ST.. BATAVIA. ILL.. U 
COUNT THE DOLLARS IN YOUR TREES 
$ Go over to the wood lot and size up your trees. Every 
16-foot Ion averaging U inches thick will make 100 feet of 
good lumber. Ten such logs make 1000 feet of luraberworth 
from SlSto jJ 80 (our book tells.) Au“American” SawJlill 
j. -will saw them at a cost ot SI to S6 per 1000 feet. You have 
QC the teams, the time and the engine. It will pay to get the 
JlS dollars out of those trees. You can do it for your neigh- 
" hors, too —more protlt for you. All you need is an 
, ‘American” Mill—so simple anyone can run it. so strong 
dfc it lasts for years. An 8 1I.P. engine will cut up to 2500 
i TH feet per day. Farm lumbering is explained in our new 
book No. 2ti Sent free. Ask our nearest oiliee. 
AMERICAN SAW MILL MACHINERY CO. 
Makers of Standard Saw Mills of any size or capacity. 
.. l29Uope St., Ilackettstown.N. J. Chicago 
1582 Terminal Building, New York Savannali-New Orleans 
STRENGTH—EFFICIENCY—DURABILITY 
sire most essential points In a Hay 
Carrier. You do not want to wait 
lor repairs during the haying season. 
The above points are combined in 
The Rochester 
Reversible Hay Carriers 
which are nneqnaled for their per¬ 
fect working qualities. 
For fork and sling'. For wood and steel track. 
Draft can be run in as soon as it clears the load. 
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED 
Write us for a complete catalogue 
The Ricker Manufacturing Co., 
300 N. Water Street, ROCHESTER, N. Y. 
UTTER CARRIERS 
FEED CARRIERS 
HAY CARRIERS 
DIVISION STALLS 
STANCHIONS 
WATERING BASINS 
