062 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
May 10 , 
FARMERS’ CLUB 
[ Every query must be accompanied by the 
name and address of the writer to insure 
attention. Before asking a question, please see 
whether it is not answered in our advertising 
columns. Ask only a few questions at one time. 
Put questions on a separate piece of paper.] 
Lima Beans on Wires. 
G. E. E., Selinsgrovc, Pa. —I wish to 
plant a peck of pole Lima beans; have no 
poles, but have been told that using posts 
and wire is quite as satisfactory. Can you 
tell me just how it is done? How far 
apart can the posts be planted? What 
kind of wire is used and how placed? Ilow 
far apart should the rows be planted for 
growth of vines, cultivating with horse and 
comfortable picking? 
Ans. —Lima beans cannot be grown 
satisfactorily on wire or strings; the 
vines are too thick and stiff to wind 
around so small a support, and besides 
it would be too expensive, even if it 
could be done successfully. If you can¬ 
not buy poles cheaply I would advise 
should be left to soak V /2 to two hours, 
then let stand a few hours to dry, and 
they are ready to cut. I would advise 
treating before cutting. 
The formula I have always used in 
treating oats for smut I have never seen 
in print but once, and that was also in 
The R. N.-Y. For each gallon of water 
use one ounce of formaldehyde, which 
is sufficient to treat 10 bushels of oats. 
Spread the oats on the floor two to 
three inches deep, sprinkle the water 
containing the required formaldehyde 
evenly over the oats, then mix with gar¬ 
den rake quickly and thoroughly. Shovel 
over two or three times into a heap; 
after the last time, cover with blankets 
or canvas to keep the gas from escaping, 
as it is the fumes that destroy the 
smut germs. Leave covered 10 hours 
or so. I have used this treatment 12 
to 15 years, treating the oats every sec¬ 
ond season, and have not had any smut 
in all that time, and have never injured 
the seed. The advantage of this treat¬ 
THE FLOOD AT HUNTINGTON, W. Va. Fig. 218. 
you to plant the dwarf or bush Limas. 
While the yield to the hill is not so 
heavy as the vining sorts, they can be 
grown much closer together and the 
yield will be found nearly or quite equal 
to the pole Limas at the close of the 
season. If you do grow the pole Lima, 
get poles for them, otherwise your ef¬ 
forts will prove more or less a failure. 
The poles should be eight to 10 feet 
long and three to four inches in diam¬ 
eter at the bottom, and should be 18 
inches in the ground. A good crowbar 
is a fine tool for punching the holes for 
them. Plant four feet apart each way. 
Bush Limas can be planted in rows three 
feet apart and 18 to 24 inches apart in 
the row, according to the variety. K. 
TREATMENT OF SMUT AND SCAB. 
I have noticed the subject of potato 
scab and smut discussed, and as I have 
had considerable experience in the treat¬ 
ment of both the past few years, it may 
be of interest to some of your readers 
if I describe my treatment. Prior to 
1895 we were troubled very much with 
potato scab, which often rendered one- 
fourth to one-half of the tubers unmar¬ 
ketable. Some time during the Sum¬ 
mer of 1894 I read an article in The 
R. N.-Y. by some man giving his ex¬ 
perience in treating the seed with cor¬ 
rosive sublimate. I did not have very 
much faith in it, but as the cost was 
almost nothing aside from the etftra 
labor, thought it worth while to test 
it out. We treated about 140 bushels 
of seed, using VA pounds corrosive sub¬ 
limate. We covered the 10 acres on 
which this seed was planted with stable 
manure just before plowing in May. 
We never had a better stand or a 
thriftier growing lot of plants, and when 
they were harvested we got 2,000 bushels 
and I doubt if there was one bushel 
unmarketable on account of scab, or 10 
bushels undersized. On another plot of 
one acre on which no manure was ap¬ 
plied and seed was not treated, the re¬ 
sult was 150 bushels of potatoes of very 
good size, and fully one-half unfit for 
market on account of scab. Since then 
we have always treated our seed with 
corrosive sublimate except two seasons 
when we used formaldehyde. Both sea¬ 
sons we had only half a stand, and con¬ 
sequently a small crop. Whether the 
formaldehyde was responsible for the 
failure I do not know, but we went 
back to the former treatment with good 
results ever since. 
In treating use one ounce of corro¬ 
sive sublimate to eight gallons of water; 
a wooden watering trough we have 
found the most convenient. The pota¬ 
toes may be dumped or left in crates 
if trough is wide and deep enough; they 
ment over all others that I have ever 
seen advocated is so great that it is well 
worth a trial. There being only one 
gallon of water for 10 bushels, the oats 
will readily absorb that amount, and not 
be noticeable, and can be drilled in the 
morning if treated the evening before. 
I would also state in connection with 
the potato subject that I have no fear 
of stable manure on potato ground when 
treating them as I do. We nearly al¬ 
ways give the land a good supply of 
fresh stable manure and often commer¬ 
cial fertilizer when planting. I have 
often planted seed that was scabby, 
treating it with a stronger solution, or 
letting it soak a half hour longer, and 
the result has been potatoes as fair and 
free from scab as where smooth seed 
was used. j. n. mac pherson. 
Monroe Co., N. Y. 
Green Crops and Manure. 
II. E. M., Prince George, Va .—Will you 
give the analysis of a two-ton per acre 
German clover crop, compared in value with 
stable manue? In other words, how many 
ton loads does it equal, also a four-ton 
per acre “follow” crop of Soy beans and 
cow peas. 
Ans. —The following figures are taken 
from a bulletin of the Delaware Ex¬ 
periment Station compared with average 
stable manure. The figures represent 
both top and root of clover and Soy 
bean crops. The clover crop weighed 
about 3,000 pounds per acre—top and 
root—and the bean crop about 7,500 
pounds. 
Phosphoric 
Nitrogen Acid Potash 
Clover, top and root. . . 103 29 56.4 
Soy beans, top and root 140 40 48 
Stable manure (one ton) 10 6 12 
You must remember that when you 
put a ton of stable manure on the ground 
all the plant food which it carries is 
added to the soil. This is not true of 
the clover or Soy beans which grew on 
this ground. This crop took the potash 
and phosphoric acid and some of the 
nitrogen out of the soil, and when you 
plow this crop under you simply put 
back what the crop took out. True, both 
the clover and the Soy beans may be 
able to use forms of potash and phos¬ 
phoric acid which would not be available 
to some other crops, but there is no 
actual gain in these elements. There is 
a gain in the amount of nitrogen which 
the clover and beans take out of the 
air. This may be about 40 per cent, of 
the total. In comparing a cover crop 
of this sort with stable manure we must 
understand that the manure will contain 
certain forms of bacteria not found in 
the uneaten vines. Hay in manure is 
more useful in the soil than the same 
hay which has not passed through the 
animal. 
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The best late peach 
BELLE OF GEORGIA 
A midseason peach of great merit 
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Hightstown, N. J. 
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errn POTATOES ~ Sir waiter Rn- 
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Address EDWARD F. DIBBLE, Seedgrower, Honeoye Falls, N. Y. Box B 
—HEADQUARTERS FOR FARM SEEDS— 
