1913. 
THE RURAb NEW-YORKER 
677 
Ruralisms 
MISSOURI NOTES. 
We have here a good soil for ber¬ 
ries. There is a top stratum of loam 
underlaid with clay running down to 
sandstone and limestone rock. The loam 
is just right for the main crop and 
late kinds, while the clay hillsides slop¬ 
ing to the south are adapted to the ex¬ 
tra earlies which want plenty of sun 
and a soil with not much nitrogen. I 
note the Gill as an exception to this 
among the earlies. It is a most reli¬ 
able bearer and very productive. It has 
been several years since we have had a 
real good season, one free from frosts 
and cold rains at blooming time. Many 
kinds are exacting in condition, but 
there are some that superior to most 
vicissitudes. These for the most part 
are the standards whose reliability has 
made them popular over the country, 
but occasionally a new kind displays the 
same adaptibility to soil and weather 
conditions. I do not know a better test 
of a good strawberry than this; a dis¬ 
position to produce good crops year 
after year under varying conditions. For 
several years the Marshall was my lead¬ 
ing berry, and won customers on every 
hand through its superb quality, but later 
it proved too unreliable, being suscep¬ 
tible to frosts and exacting in soils. 
About that time I happened upon an¬ 
other berry that proved a most worthy 
substitute, and that was the Joe, one 
of several seedlings originated by Black 
of New Jersey. These were all tested at 
the old Rural Grounds about 15 years 
ago, and were favorably mentioned. 
Of the Joe the report said, “Perfect 
flower, berries large to largest size, 
quite firm, red flesh of good quality; 
vines of exceptional vigor; a hardy 
long-lived variety.” Although these 
seedlings were doubtless tested by quite 
a number, none of them rose to popu¬ 
larity and fame. Those oftenest re¬ 
ported on were the Joe and Nettie. 
These comments were uniformly favor¬ 
able but the public failed to follow 
them up. Nevertheless I am convinced 
that both these kinds possess qualities 
that should give them permanence. The 
Nettie is the only berry of which I can 
truly say that it is later than the Gandy, 
a little later, not a great deal and a 
heavier yielder. It is also naturally a 
large berry and, given a show, will sur¬ 
pass in this respect any other kind with 
perhaps one or two exceptions. Its 
weak points are its light color and in¬ 
different quality, but its size and season 
make it a good seller. It is a pistillate. 
As to the Joe I have given it a 
thorough test alongside all the stand¬ 
ard kinds, and 1 will say that in size 
it excels them all; in beauty it is sur¬ 
passed, if at all, only by the Marshall; 
it is of elegant form, none better; in 
quality it ranks among the best and is 
as productive as the Sample. It is 
resistant to frost, makes a large, vigor¬ 
ous, heavy plant and is as reliable as 
auy of the old standards. The finest 
crop it ever bore was on rows that had 
been renewed for four seasons without 
resetting. Berries weighing an ounce 
and over were found in profusion, and 
the largest rose to two and one-fourth 
ounces, a very exceptional size indeed, 
lo those who have never weighed berries 
1 will say that it takes about 15 ounce 
berries to fill a quart box. I want to 
commend the Joe to t'hose growers 
who want a fancy berry and are willing 
fo give the required care. My plants 
were grown on a rich moist loam and 
winter-mulched with stable manure, but 
1 hat was all. There was no spacing or 
thinning of plants or any further at¬ 
tention of any description given them, 
f especially commend the Joe to those 
who are successful with the Marshall 
and Belt. My estimate is that it will 
outyield Marshall by a third. 
Other strawberries that I would rec- 
ommend for planting are the Highland, 
- lelhe and Sons’ Prolific. The Highland 
has made a record everywhere as a 
champion yielder of large berries and 
h is enabled to do this better than other 
kinds because of its great size of plant. 
It is the largest plant in my collection 
and has the actual potential energy to 
produce more than the average. Its 
berries, while never very large, are more 
uniformly large than other kinds and 
are of good color and flavor, but a trifle 
soft for shipping. They are very uni¬ 
form in shape which adds much to any 
berry’s attractiveness. 
The Mellie is a Hubach seedling and 
a second early pistillate. It has never 
failed here to produce well even in bad 
seasons. The berry is slightly pointed 
with a brilliant gloss, fine quality and 
firm enough for shipping. The plant is 
vigorous and hardy in blossom and 
never fails to yield heavily. It should 
make a good mate for the Dunlap or 
Bederwood, and its natural rival would 
be the Haverland but it excels it here. 
It has good lineage, being a cross of 
Warfield and Lady Thompson and ex¬ 
cels either in vigor of plant. 
Sons’ Prolific, a native Missouri seed¬ 
ling, is winning favor in its home State. 
It is a cross of Bubach and Aroma. I 
have tested it only in a small way, but 
a neighbor who planted* largely of it 
gives it extravagant praise and will 
make it a leader. The berries average 
quite large, are very firm, better colored 
than Aroma and produced in great abun¬ 
dance on plants that are not produced 
in too great number for best develop¬ 
ment. L. R. JOHNSON. 
Cape Girardeau Co., Mo. 
Bark Peeling Off Apple and Maple. 
.4. B., Wisconsin .—-We have a number 
of apple trees In sod on which the bark is 
peeling off the south side of the tree. On 
one is a small fungus growth, something 
like the growth seen on old stumps, only 
very much smaller. Would painting with 
whitewash help? Please give treatment. 
2 . We also have a hard maple on our lawn 
on which the bark on two of the large 
limbs cracked and is peeling off. The leaves 
turned yellow, shriveled up and fell off 
early in August; could see no insects. The 
two limbs look quite dead. Please tell what 
the trouble is and give treatment. 
Ans.— 1. This is undoubtedly a case 
of sunscald. The fungus described is 
merely secondary, one of the saprophytes 
or “mushrooms” which found food and 
lodging in the decaying bark tissues. 
The trees are in sod, which lessens their 
power of resistance to sunscald as well 
as other enemies. Sunscald in this State 
occurs in Winter and Spring rather than 
in Summer, and we are learning that 
much of the injury which heretofore 
has been credited to blight and canker 
is nothing but Winter injury or “sun¬ 
scald.” There is probably nothing that 
will save these trees, certainly not white¬ 
wash. It may be worth while to cut 
and scrape away all dead bark and cover 
wounds and exposed heartwood with 
lead paint. Plant a new orchard, two- 
year-old trees headed 18 to 24 inches, 
trees set 24 x 24 feet, and cultivate 
ground for first 24 years. 
2. Concerning this trouble Prof. L. R. 
Jones of the University of Wisconsin 
says: “I have seen similar injuries on 
Norway maple and other maples, and 
consider these to be in exactly the same 
class with the fruit injuries, namely, 
injuries caused by climatic conditions, 
sunscald or Winter injuries.” f. c. 
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