1 0K”. 
THE) RURAL NEW-YORKER 
003 
Salt Fish for Fertilizing. 
y. MPenn Grove, N. J. —Is salt fish, 
part dried, some fish in salt pickle, not 
salable for food, all right to spread on land, 
or could it be ground and mixed with 
ground rock and potash and used as a fer¬ 
tilizer? 
Ans. —This salt fish alone or mixed 
with chemicals would be suitable for use 
on such crops as asparagus, but would 
not give much satisfaction on others. 
The salt makes the nitrogen very slow to 
become available, since it prevents de¬ 
cay. Asparagus, originally a salt water 
plant, can use more salt than most 
others. Except for asparagus we doubt 
if the salt fish will be worth much. 
The Value of Night Soil. 
D. V. 13., Absecon, N. J. —What is the 
analysis of night soil? What would I have 
to add to it as a general crop fertilizer? 
Ans.— Naturally this will vary greatly 
in composition—some samples will be 
more liquid than others. Some may 
have had the plant food leached away. 
Probably a fair sample would compare 
with ordinary stable manure about as 
follows: 
rODNDS IN ONE TON. 
Nitrogen. Ehos. acid. Potash. 
Stable manure.. 10 6 12 
Night soil.14 5 5 
Thus the night soil, as we might ex¬ 
pect is richer in nitrogen. To “balance” 
such manure both potash and phophoric 
acid are needed. To each ton of the 
night soil you can add 150 pounds of 
acid phosphate and 50 pounds muriate 
of potash. One of the best ways to use 
such material is to put it in a com¬ 
post with muck, old sods or rich earth. 
We like this plan better than using it 
directly on the ground. 
Green Sawdu»t for Mulch. 
Would it be advisable to mulch a young 
orchard with green sawdust? I have 
plenty, and it is handy. c. 0. si. 
Canal Winchester, O. 
No, it would be a mistake. The green 
sawdust contains an acid which would 
make the land too sour. Yo can use lime 
with the sawdust, or it may be rotted in 
a pile or in manure—but do not use it 
alone. 
Wheat for Hay. 
T have 11 acres in wheat. I wish to cut 
it for hay in time to plant the ground in 
catsup tomatoes for the factory at $8.50 
per ton. At what stage should the wheat 
be cut for the best results for hay? It is 
bearded wheat. Will the beards injure 
horses ? j, P . D . 
Madison, Ind. 
Cut the bearded wheat while the heads 
are in bloom—before the grain forms. With 
oats we should cut when the grain is soft, 
but bearded wheat in bloom makes best 
hay. 
Understand the Plows. 
With the advent of the reversible sulky 
plow many are being placed on our farms. 
I feel that I ought to warn The It. N.-Y. 
readers who intend to buy these plows that 
agents do not explain fully enough their 
workings. I am at this writing lying in 
bed with a broken leg due to this fact. 
AVhere rocks appear at the surface the 
utmost care must be taken to maintain the 
center of gravity, and the plow tripped be¬ 
fore running a wheel on the rock. There is 
no question but that they do good work, 
but as 1 lie here I feel that this simple 
warning may help others. G. e. h. 
New York. 
Fertilizer for Peach Orchard. 
I have a peach orchard of 2,000 trees, 
soil sandy loam, trees eight years old, never 
had any manure 'on them. I wish to fer¬ 
tilize them and would like to know w’hat 
to use and how much per tree. When is 
best time to put on, and how ? I would 
like to so\v Gray Crowder peas in the or¬ 
chard for seed. c. t. v. 
Seaford, Del. 
In an orchard of that age the roots a 
an over the ground, and most of the fee 
tug roots and root hairs are out just beyo: 
tue drip of the limbs. Inside of this the 
are tew of the feeding roots, and the raa 
ei tuization should be done between t 
rows where the limbs reach. Hence it 
not practicable to say how much per tr< 
nut I would say about 400 pounds of ac 
phosphate and 40 pounds of muriate of p< 
‘I 1 ’ fl< * re . and the greater part of it fre 
be terminus of the branches on one n 
through that of the next row and light 
next the trees. Then plant the peas 
row’s and cultivate them and after the pe 
are oft sow Crimson clover as a Wint 
'over to be turned the next Spring for t 
benefit of the trees. w. f. massey. 
Low-grade Orchards. 
Advising on orchard planting is a diffi¬ 
cult proposition, especially when the local 
markets are often glutted with the very 
fruits the enthusiast wants to set; although 
the very best grade of any fruit usually 
finds a ready sale at figures that mean a 
fair profit to the producer. The w’hole 
trouble lies with the mass of fair to in¬ 
ferior fruit that practically grows itself 
and finds its w’ay to market without grad¬ 
ing and carelessly handled. This fruit is 
also responsible for a decreased consump¬ 
tion, and I fully believe that if all inferior 
fruit could positively be kept out of the 
market the increase in consumption would 
more than keep pace with increased pro¬ 
duction, and prices would look after them¬ 
selves. Too many get so enthusiastic over 
setting an orchard that they seem to have 
no energy left to care for it after it is out. 
Nurserymen a few’ years ago figured that 
only 10 per cent, of the fruit trees set 
ever came into profitable bearing, but prob¬ 
ably since the recent boom in fruit setting 
that percentage has raised somew’hat. s. 
R. N.-Y.—That is right. The hardest 
thing about fruit grow’ing is for the begin¬ 
ner to know what to plant. lie can get 
half a dozen different lists from the “au¬ 
thorities” and with any one of them find 
that he has made mistakes when the trees 
come in bearing. 
American Potash Supplies. 
The Department of Agriculture at Wash¬ 
ington has been testing some of the new 
forms of potash which have come to light 
in this country during the last few years. 
We have told our readers how deposits of 
potash have been found in different Western 
States. These are generally found in 
liquids either in the brine from a salt 
mine, or in the waters of stagnant lakes 
where for many years deposits of potash 
salts have been forming. The potash is 
there, but not in a form which thus far 
makes its use profitable. At several points 
throughout the West, however, deposits of 
alumite, containing fair amounts of potash, 
have been found. It has also long been 
know’n that at points along the Pacific Coast 
there are large quantities of help and sea¬ 
weed which contain potash. Here as in the 
case of the potash liquids, the cost of burn¬ 
ing the kelp so as to obtain the potash 
and the ash, was too great to make the 
supply a profitable one. The government 
has now tried experiments with this dried 
kelp. We understand that the kelp is sim¬ 
ply collected and sun-dried, and then 
crushed or ground. Used in this w r ay the 
kelp has given satisfactory results, nearly 
as much so as the ordinary forms of potash 
salts. Experiments were also tried with 
the alumite, both the raw material and 
when burned or roasted. The roasted 
alumite gave much better results than the 
raw material, and the report is that this 
form of potash is really promising as in 
the case of the dried kelp. The raw alum¬ 
ite contained about 10 per cent of potash— 
when roasted or burned—14.7 per cent. The 
dry and powdered kelp contained 19.8 per 
cent of potash. 
Flax on Winter-killed Wheat. 
The Department of Agricultural at Wash¬ 
ington describes a peculiar farm operation, 
said to be followed in the vicinity of New 
London, Ohio. There is not infrequently a 
failure of Winter wheat when sow in the 
Fall. Winter-killing frequently reduces the 
yield to such a point that it is hardly 
worth harvesting. Last year, for example, 
the wheat fields were very thin and in very 
bad condition, and a large proportion of 
the wheat acreage was seeded to flax. 
Near New Loudon a five-year rotation is 
generally followed ; corn, oats, wheat, Tim¬ 
othy and clover two years. Sometimes for 
a change flax is seeded instead of oats. 
Sometimes the meadow is plowed up after 
one year, sometimes it runs for three years 
or more. For about 20 years the plan of 
seeding flax on winter-killed wheat has 
been followed ,and the practice seems a 
good one for other localities where the 
same conditions prevail. The usual prac¬ 
tice in most localities where the wheat 
is winter-killed is to prepare the ground 
with a crop of Spring grain. This causes ad¬ 
ditional expense, and also interferes with 
the regular rotation, as often times the 
Timothy seed is seeded with the wheat. 
Even if the wheat should be killed the Tim¬ 
othy left alone will produce a fair crop. 
The flax is generally sown about April 1, 
or as soon as the weather is warm enough. 
The seed is generally spread broadcast 
with one of the hand seeders. Usually the 
flax seed is sown by itself. A few farmers 
mixed clover and Timothy with the flax 
seed. The seed is put in without harrow¬ 
ing either before or after sowing. A 
light harrowing would undoubtedly improve 
the stand, but it will grow without. Farm¬ 
ers generally use one bushel of seed to the 
acre when grown alone, but when seeded ! 
on Winter wheat fields the quantity depends 
upon the condition of the wheat. These 
farmers have learned by experience how 
to harvest and thrash this combination crop 
to the best advantage, and they obtain fair 
yields by seeding the flax in this way; 
when if they did not seed it they would 
obtain only a very poor crop of wheat, or 
if they plowed the ground break into their 
rotation. Of course this is only-a make¬ 
shift plan, but it works well apparently 
in this section, and the Department thinks 
that it might be used to advantage else¬ 
where when there is a sale for the flax. 
The Farmer of To-morrow, by Fred¬ 
erick Irving Anderson. This book has a 
particular interest in its timely discussion 
of the American farmer’s “floor space”—* 
lust what land is now available and what 
the resources of the land are. The chap¬ 
ter entitled "The Line of Least Resist¬ 
ance” gives much for farmers to think of. 
as well as suggestions to the "back to the 
lander.” It is an interesting book and it 
opens up many lines of thought that the 
farmer must keep in mind or fall behind 
every other line of economic endeavor. 
Published by the Macmillan Company, New 
York: 308 pages; price, $1.50 net; pos¬ 
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