7G4 
LAYING IN A SUPPLY OF FRUIT 
PACKAGES. 
The time is at hand to make estimates 
on the season’s supply of fruit and the 
probable quantity of material for fruit 
packages, such as crates for the small 
fruits, but for strawberries they should 
have been provided sometime ago; bas¬ 
kets and other packages for the Summer 
fruits and barrels or boxes for the Win¬ 
ter apples. It has been the custom here 
among the large apple growers to com¬ 
bine their orders and buy the material in 
straight car lots direct from the mills, 
where it has been prepared and dried, and 
get it on hand rather early in the season. 
It is divided among the growers accord¬ 
ing to their needs, and taken direct to the 
farm where it is to be made up and used. 
The boys on the farm in some cases make 
up their own needs, and sometimes the 
regular farm hands make up the barrels 
at so much per barrel; in other cases 
regular coopers are hired to do the work. 
Any boy or man handy with tools can 
soon learn to set up a barrel and hoop it. 
It pays to buy the good material instead 
of the No. 2 stock which is offered at 
cheap rates. We prefer staves that have 
been chamfered and crozed by machinery 
at the factory, and no cooper with hand 
tools can make as good a croze to hold 
the heads in the barrel as there is in the 
staves that have been crozed by machin¬ 
ery properly. I was a doubting Thomas 
till we tried it two years ago, and now 
we would have no other kind if we could 
get what we want. While such staves 
cost about .$1 per thousand more than 
staves not chamfered and crozed, it is as 
cheap or cheaper than the others in the 
end. as it costs more to make up barrels 
when the staves have to be worked by 
hand. Some dealers in cooperage say 
that chamfered and crozed staves will not 
work up even in setting up the form, but 
I know they do if any care is taken to 
even them up. We furnish the tools and 
get the barrels made for three cents. 
Some dealers say the barrels do not 
need to be fired to dry the staves when 
making them, but I know they do need 
it, and every cooper shop should have a 
barrel heater. Two or three coopers can 
work on the same heater. Each cooper 
should make from 00 to 75 barrels per 
day by hustling around, and I have 
known men to do quite a lot better than 
that. A new hand can soon learn to 
make 25 or 20 a day. With chamfered 
and crozed staves a cooper will need an 
adz. two sets of tress hoops, a cooler’s 
pulley, iron hooper nailer, also a raising 
iron, which a blacksmith can make, and 
a wood driver, which anyone can make 
out of tough wood. To make up barrels 
with staves not chamfered and crozed one 
needs in addition to the above tools a 
leveling plane, a croze and a chamfering 
knife. One also needs an iron to clamp 
down on the hoop when it is on the nailer 
to hold it in place while nailing it. It 
should be fastened at the bottom to a foot 
board which is hinged at one end against 
the wall, with a spring under it to raise 
it high enough to put the hoop under it 
and take it out when nailed, and it is 
pressed down by the foot and held firm 
while nailing. The upper end of the iron 
is bent at right angle and the main rod 
stands up straight so the bent part comes 
down flat on the hoop. One needs a solid 
level platform to work on, and a solid 
bench made against the wall, with a cir¬ 
cular cut made in the outside board for 
the barrel to come up against when the 
form is set up and the rope put over the 
ends of the staves, which stand out 
straight, and by pressing down on an¬ 
other foot lever to which the rope is at¬ 
tached the staves are drawn together so 
a tress hoop will go over them and the 
barrel takes its proper shape and is ready 
for the heating. A few minutes over a 
hot heater is all that is needed, and then 
the tress hoops are tightened. One head 
is put in and then hoops made and put 
on; then the barrel is turned over and 
the other head is put in and the re¬ 
mainder of the hoops made. A solid form 
or box is placed on the floor to set the 
barrel on so as to raise it nearly a foot 
to be handy for the workman. The bench 
should be nearly three feet high. Little 
boxes or receptacles are placed nearby to 
hold a supply of hoop nails and hoop 
staples. 
We usually get the material on hand 
to commence making the barrels, when 
we have a big crop, about the first to the 
middle of July, and store them away in 
the barn ready for use when apple-pick¬ 
ing time comes, using the full force of 
men in the harvest. We can haul the 
material the seven miles much cheaper 
than we could haul the barrels, and store 
it in a much smaller space till they are 
made up. It may suit some growers to 
buy from regular coopers, but it does not 
suit our conditions. When the coopers 
make barrels for sale to the growers 
everybody wants barrels at the same 
time, and it is impossible to supply them 
when wanted. It is also impossible to 
get the orders in time to have the supply 
made ahead. Growers just simply wait 
to see how the fruit is going to turn out. 
It will always pay better to have a sup¬ 
ply on hand even if it has to be carried 
over in part to the following season. A 
sale of fruit is, often spoiled because the 
grower does not have a supply of barrels 
on hand. If one has the material on 
hand to make them, and he finds he does 
not need all of it, he can sell it usually 
to good advantage, or it can be curried 
over in a small space. When there is a 
bumper crop of apples the prices simply 
soar to unreasonable heights, and if flu* 
material or barrels had been laid away 
early in the season the grower can save 
1'lTtC RURAb NEW-VUKKER 
June 14, 
from 10 to 15 cents on a barrel. If there 
is a small crop only the price never goes 
down, so one is just as well off to buy 
early any time. U. T. COX. 
Lawrence Co., O. 
OHIO CROP OUTLOOK. 
May 28. The prospects at present are 
for a bumper peach crop iu my locality. 
Ottawa County. a. a. ii. 
Present indications are for about half 
a normal crop of peaches. Apples, pears, 
plums and cherries good. J. C. w. 
Ottawa County. 
Not much fruit raised around here 
now. The old apple orchards have given 
up to the scale, but what trees there are 
blossomed full; also peach, pear and plum 
are full. There are no extensive orchards 
iu bearing. There has been a large plant¬ 
ing of peach in the last two or three 
years but not old enough to bear. 
Ashtabula County. S. H. H. 
May 20. The peach crop in this 
vicinity will not be up to the average. 
Elbertas, especially on old trees, will be 
light. Yareties of the Crawford type 
are not full enough to make a good 
crop. Other varieties promise well. 
Plums will also be loss than a full crop. 
Apples and pears never looked better at 
this date. All have been well sprayed 
and show no insect or fungus injury as 
yet. w. M. 
Ottawa County. 
May 20. The fruit crop in general 
promises fairly well. Our main depend¬ 
ence is the peach. Of these all are look¬ 
ing well except Elbertas, •which will be 
very light, apparently not one-fourth of 
last year. Apples seem good, pears, un¬ 
usually full, and plums about normal. 
We always look for the “June drop” in 
peaches, which, of course, has not' 
reached us yet, but as we have had cool 
weather they are not apt to suffer very 
much from curculio, and our unusually 
heavy rains ought to furnish abundant 
sap to retain a large amount of the 
fruit the trees are carrying at the 
present time. T. w. p. 
Ottawa County. 
May 21. Spring cold and heavy rain¬ 
fall in May. Much corn yet to plant; 
that already planted making a poor 
growth and a gr-at deal will have to 
lie replanted. Meadows and pastures 
doing fine and the prospect for a wheat 
crop is very flattering. The same will 
apply to oats where not sown on wet 
land. The hard frosts in May did but 
little damage, in sections subject to 
lake influences, excepting berries of the 
early varieties, and grapes. The prospect 
for a peach crop is good; also cherries. 
Apples have seldom shown better at this 
time of year. Grain and produce buyers 
were quoted as paying May 21: Wheat, 
$1.05; corn, 57; oats, 27; butter, 22; 
<‘ggs, 18; fowls, 13; broilers. 22. Old 
potatoes held over by the growers are 
being unloaded rapidly and bringing about 
25 cents per 00 pounds. Hut little hay 
being offered, bringing $10 to $12 per 
ton, for loose prime Timothy. f. d. 
Huron County. 
May 21. We find that the onion acre¬ 
age here is not as largo as last year. Most 
all of the growers report a poor stand 
of onions. We have had reports from 
nearly all the onion sections in tin* U. 
8. and Canada and the onions in general 
seem to be thin. a. e. V. 
Lake County. 
May 20. The freeze of May 10 did 
great damage to the fruits of this county. 
Previous toithat time we had the grandest 
outlook for all fruits that I can remem¬ 
ber. Plums are about all gone, taking 
about 400 bushels for me. Peaches being 
just in the “shuck” we thought for a 
time that we were going to have enough 
hang on for a crop, but they have kept 
falling until we know tin* crop will be 
very shy. Apples vary in the different 
situations, the ridges affording chance for 
atmospheric drainage, are better than 
elsewhere. The tops, of all trees are 
holding more live fruit than lower parts 
of trees. Pears have got through about 
the same as apples. Cherries, which are 
one of our special products, are nearly 
a half crop. Sweet ones of all kinds 
about all dropping off. Currants have 
survived the best of anything. The 
earliest bloom of strawberries badly 
hurt, but later ones coming well. In ail 
the fruits there is a decided difference 
in the different varieties as to amount of 
fruit that has got through the freeze. 
Baldwin, Spy and some other kinds of 
apples seem to have endured much better 
than White Pippin. Mann, Tolman 
Sweet, Early Harvest. Of tin* plums, 
Moore’s Arctic. Bradshaw and German 
Prune have resisted the freeze best of 
numerous kinds that I have. The 85-acre 
cherry orchard east of us is reported to 
have about 50 per cent, of a crop. 
Sandusky County. ii. B. 
June 1. Prices on some of our main 
products are as follows: Wheat, 08; 
corn ((58 pounds to bushel), 50; oats, 
22; butter, 22; eggs, 18; old hens, II; 
cattle, $5 per cwt.; hogs, $8. There 
is practically no market here for garden 
truck, fruits and such products. Prices 
paid by Chicago commission men for 
produce seldom allow any profit to ship¬ 
pers from here, so that I have always 
been puzzled as (o where they get their 
supplies. I ship about 200 cases of 
guaranteed eggs yearly direct to Chicago 
consumers, and by cutting out two or 
three middlemen can make a reasonable 
margin (nothing fancy), so I am some¬ 
what interested in the R. N.-Y.’s 35-cent- 
dollar. Am also much interested in your 
rogue’s gallery and think if that feature 
were copied generally by other papers it 
would greatly accelerate the millennial. 
Bourbon, Ind. it. ec. 
May 21. We had hotter weather in 
March and April than we have had the 
past month; it lias been cold and dry. 
Wheat and grass, and pasturage, have 
been standing still, but the past week 
has brought us heavy rains and if we 
can get the warmth, things will boom. 
The wind most of the time has been in 
the northwest. Corn is very backward 
in coming up and where up is very yellow. 
Some are complaining of the black beetle 
eating up the cabbage plants. I think 
the usual acreage will be put out. A 
large acreage of beans will go in. Small 
fruit seems to be set well. Bartlett 
pears are full ; cherries good; Greening 
apples set too full, while Baldwins are 
shy; Kings and other varieties set well. 
Orchards in general have been well taken 
care of. Wheat, $1; oats, 40; barley, 
60; corn, (5(5; veal. 9; pork, 8; butter, 
2(5; eggs, 20; potatoes, (50; hay. pressed, 
$12 per ton. Beans are very dull; Red 
Kidneys, $1.75; Red Marrows, $2. 
Canandaigua, N. Y. e. t. b. 
COMING FARMERS’ MEETINGS. 
American Association of Nurserymen, 
Portland, Ore., June 17-20. 
Sixteenth annual convention of the* 
Canadian Horticultural Association will 
be held at l’eterboro, Out., in August. 
New York State Fair and Grand Cir¬ 
cuit Meeting, Syracuse, N. Y., September 
S-12. 
Lancaster Fair, Lancaster, Pa., Sep¬ 
tember 30-October 2. 
Vermont Corn Show, Windsor, Vt., 
November 5-7. 
Third Indiana Apple Show, Indianapo¬ 
lis, November 5-11. 
Maryland State Horticultural Society, 
Maryland Crop Improvement Association, 
Maryland Dairymen’s Association, Mary¬ 
land Beekeepers’ Association, and Farm¬ 
ers’ League, Baltimore, November 17-22. 
Summer meeting N. Y. State Fruit 
Growers’ Association will be held at 
Olcott Beach, Niagara Co., N. Y,; date 
to be named later. 
“For the Land’s Sake, use Bowker’s 
Fertilizers; they enrich the earth and ! 
those who (ill it.”— Adv. 
When you write advertisers mention Tun 
R. N.-Y. and'you'll get a quick reply and a 
“square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
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Simple, efficient, re¬ 
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corrueated. 
Free Folder, prices, 
etc.. on request. Write 
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THE 
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Op*jn «1 if your dealer can't supply yon. We'll 
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