1913. 
796 
DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF LIFE. 
Can you give me information in regard 
to the law of the amount one might 
recover of a party or corporation who 
has negligently killed another man who 
was in their employ? I understand there 
was a law passed that one’s life was 
worth $3,000, and as much more as 
could be recovered. „ a. j. k. 
Dexter, N. Y. 
There is no limit in New York State 
to the amount one may recover of an¬ 
other for negligently causing the death 
of a person. Parts of Section 1904 of 
the Code of Civil Procedure are as fol¬ 
lows : 
The damages awarded to the plaintiff 
may be such a sum as the jury upon 
a writ of inquiry or upon a trial or 
. . . the court or the referee deems 
to be a fair and just compensation for 
the pecuniary injuries resulting from 
the decedent’s death to the person or 
persons for whose benefit the action is 
brought. _ 
SHARKS ATTACKING BATHERS. 
What is the truth about the impres¬ 
sion that people are eaten by sharks? 
I have seen in the West Indies boys 
and sharks swimming together; have 
also been told by a man on the Island 
of Jamaica, who had lost a foot, that 
it was bitten off by a shark. There was 
for years a standing offer of $500 for 
any authentic case when a shark killed 
a live person. h. h. s. 
Fishkill, N. Y. 
Although there have been numerous 
reports of alleged attacks upon bathers 
by sharks, in which encounters the vic¬ 
tim has been reported to have been more 
or less seriously maimed, and even killed, 
not one of these reports has been abso¬ 
lutely authenticated. 
In “Naval Hygiene,” by James Duncan 
Gatewood, M. D., 1909, page 597, an in¬ 
stance is cited to the effect that Passed 
Assistant Middleton S. Elliott, U. S. 
Navy, on the U. S. S. Annapolis, in 1901, 
reported that a gunner’s mate while 
bathing about 30 feet from shore in a 
depth of 10 or 12 feet, in the Harbor of 
Iloilo, P. I., was heard to give a cry, 
and was seen to disappear for a few 
moments; when he arose to the surface 
he swam to the dingy, 10 feet away, 
and was helped into the boat, when it 
was seen that the left leg was gone. 
1’he wound was said to be a peculiar one, 
the thigh having been grasped about four 
inches above the knee joint, stripped down 
to the bone, and the leg torn away at 
the joint, thus leaving the lower ex¬ 
tremity of the femur free froln all tissue. 
This is, perhaps, about as well authen¬ 
ticated an instance as there is on record, 
but although it is stated that the victim 
“was bitten by a shark,” it is not shown 
how it was known to be a shark, and 
the only evidence offered is the state¬ 
ment : “When seized, he evidently thrust 
his hand down in his efforts to free 
himself, and caught his fingers in the 
shark’s mouth, as on the thumb and in¬ 
dex finger of his left hand were two 
small triangular wounds.” 
II. M. SMITH, 
Commissioner. 
U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. 
THE) RURAt, NEW-YORKER 
SEPARATING RYE AND VETCH SEED. 
Will you let me have available printed 
matter on Winter or Hairy vetch? How 
much should I drill per acre to get the 
o Cr tt see( l '■ How much rye per 
acre. Have you found anything to sow 
wilti vetch instead of rye, so the vetch 
rred can be cleaned up and sold as 
'etch instead of rye and vetch? 
msport, N. Y. S. F. n. 
1 would recommend Farmers’ Bulletin 
No. 515, U. S. Department of Agrieul- 
) ure I »n<l a book by W. C. Smith on 
How to Grow 100 Bushels of Corn Per 
Acre,” for reading along this line. From 
my personal experience I would recom¬ 
mend sowing about 30 pounds of Hairy 
vetch seed and about 20 pounds of rye 
id per acre, for Hairy vetch seed 
pi eduction. Our chief difficulty in the 
beginning was to secure unadulterated 
> iiiy vetch seed for sowing for seed 
production. It is frequently adulterated 
'■dll the much cheaper Summer vetch or 
lemmon vetch seed, and mixed with weed 
S| eds or other foreign seeds, stones or 
other materials. The only safe pro- 
° dure is to send a sample of the seed 
Purchased to the Seed Labor atory, B. P. 
’’ of the U. S. Department of Agricul- 
are, Washington, D. C., for analysis, 
'< oie sowing, and get a report on the 
character of the seed purchased. Care 
should be taken to buy this seed only 
torn reliable seed merchants. 
I have never found a satisfactory sub¬ 
stitute for rye, as a nurse crop for vetch 
seed growing in the East. There is 
no difficulty in separating the vetch and 
rye seeds if an inclined plane separator 
is used. This separator can be made 
at home for a very small expense. If 
a gas engine is available, the separator 
can be run by power, otherwise it can 
be turned by hand satisfactorily. The 
arrangement of our separator was shown 
in the diagram on page 712. The sep¬ 
arating plane can be made eight feet 
long by three feet wide. An old door 
can be used for the platform. The 
canvas belt should be made of a heavy 
grade of material. Old rollers, bearings, 
etc., can usually be found on any farm. 
The plane should be inclined at an angle 
of about 25 or 30 degrees, the exact 
angle to be determined by trial. The 
hopper is not absolutely necessary, as 
the mixed seed can be thrown in the 
moving belt by hand. 
The belt is turned up, towards the 
top. The round vetch seeds roll down 
the belt and fall into the bin or into 
a tight floor, tarpaulin or other recep¬ 
tacle. The long, angular rye seeds are 
caught in the nap of the canvas, carried 
up and over the top end of the separator, 
and fall into the rye bin, as shown in 
the diagram. By adjusting the angle of 
the plane, the location of the bins, and 
the point of application of the mixed 
seed, after trial, a perfect separation 
can be made. 
Our first homemade separator was made 
wholly from discarded materials on the 
farm, in two hours, and I am not a 
carpenter either. Our next one was made 
by an iron company, the framework 
being of iron, the platform of galvanized 
iron, the hopper of iron, and an adjust¬ 
able pulley being furnished for $20. As 
a matter of fact, we don’t use the hopper 
except when short of labor. 
Our plan is to cut the rye and vetch 
crop with a mowing machine, pile it in 
small cocks to cure, and thresh by the 
• use of a regular thresher; or if a 
thresher is not available we use flails. 
We remove one-half the concaves, and 
adjust the screens of the thresher to 
meet the conditions, then run as slowly 
as possible. After threshing the seed 
can be separated, if desired at any 
time. The rate of sowing for seed grow¬ 
ing will depend somewhat on the soil 
and other conditions, the time of har¬ 
vest varies with seasonal influences, but 
all of these factors can be determined 
by trial. Failure in growing vetch is 
usually due to poor seed; that is, seed 
of low vitality, a type not adapted to 
our conditions, adulterations with com¬ 
mon vetch seed or like causes. A home¬ 
grown source of seed to meet the grow¬ 
ing and very great demand for Hairy 
vetch seed is a necessity. 
A. D. SHAMEL. 
A DRAINAGE PROBLEM. 
I have a field that I would like to 
drain. It slopes gently. The width 
to be drained is about 150 yards. Would 
it be best to lay one large tile in the 
middle, then extend out lateral tiles, or 
to use _small tile and put three rows 
about 25 feet apart? Would 30 inches 
be deep enough to lay the tile? Would 
it be practicable to use a three-horse 
turning plow and a subsoil plow to make 
the trenches? r. 
West Virginia. 
In the laying out and establishment of 
an efficient draiu system there are many 
important factors to consider. One of 
these is, lay out the system, if at all 
practicable, so short laterals will be 
avoided. First, because with laterals of 
good length there is more or less of a 
volume of water flowing at times, which 
flushes, washes and scours out the sedi¬ 
ment to the outlet. Again, long drains 
are easier and cheaper to lay out, record, 
map and execute. Men, horses and ma¬ 
chinery can do much more and better 
work. Short drains are expensive, com¬ 
plicate the work and system and are 
more liable to fill up. particularly so if 
grade and soil are unfavorable. 
If the fall is right, drains should in¬ 
variably be laid out straight up and 
down the slope. Then each lateral has 
to take water equally from both sides. 
But if drains are laid diagonally up the 
hillside, they take water only from the 
upper side, thereby developing but 50 
per cent, efficiency where 100 per cent, is 
practicable. And again, with laterals 
run diagonally up a hillside the excess 
water is taken in on upper side, but 
farther down the drain, under certain 
soil conditions, the water may all run 
out on the lower side of drain, thereby 
creating a new unmitigated nuisance in 
the field. 
For thorough drainage, parallel laterals 
should be placed about B0 feet apart, 36 
inches deep, using four-inch tile, and laid 
on a good true grade. In the execution 
of our 10-mile drain system, usually the 
ditches were opened about two feet deep 
with a three-horse team and steel beam 
turning plow. Rest of trench was hand- 
dug and graded. Laterals were laid out 
in pairs. That is, two laterals were 
opened in pairs. Subsoil dirt was placed 
on right bank of first lateral and on left 
bank of second lateral. In the back¬ 
filling of trenches the team went up one 
drain and down the other one, plowing 
around, with no carrying of furrow, ex¬ 
cept across the ends. A subsoil plow for 
loosening a ditch bottom is a very de¬ 
sirable and valuable implement. Ordi¬ 
narily the team work reduced the cost 
of drainage fully 25 per cent., a saving 
well worth looking after, particularly so 
in this day and generation when in¬ 
efficient help is so easy to secure, at 
fabulous prices, for short hours. 
T. E. MARTIN. 
HIGH-PRICED STRAW. 
I notice in the weekly market quota¬ 
tions rye straw is quoted at $25 to $26 
per ton. I presume this refers to straw 
that has not been run through a sep¬ 
arator, does it not? I have 16 acres of 
rye which will probably make a ton 
to ton and one-half per acre. If thrashed 
it would likely not yield over 9 or 10 
bushels of grain per acre. If I sold 
the crop for straw, how would be the 
best and most expedient way to handle 
it? Is there a strong demand for rye 
straw in New York, and would it pay 
me to ship there? d. j. m. 
Indiana. 
The straw referred to in market quo¬ 
tations is thrashed, straight tied in bun¬ 
dles and pressed in large bales. It is 
used for bedding horses in the city and 
at present is scarce and extremely high 
in New York and Boston. As soon as 
the new crop arrives, prices will doubt¬ 
less drop to $12 or $15, perhaps lower, 
and not get above $1S during the season, 
unless there is a temporary scarcity like 
at present. It is doubtful whether ship¬ 
ment of the new crop from Indiana would 
be profitable, as there will be a big 
rush from growers nearby until prices 
strike bottom. 
Complete Water 
Tower Outfit 
ONLY 
69 
High grade 1000 
gallon Cypress 
Tank and 20 ft. 
Steel Tower just 
as shown in cut. 
Tank guaranteed against decay 
for five years. Same outfit on 
credit at slightly higher price. 
Complete Water Works equip¬ 
ment. Better get our catalogue 
today and our New Way Selling 
Plan No. 25 , free for the asking. 
THE BALTIMORE CO. 
Baltimore, Maryland. 
WESHIP°»APPR0V1L 
-without a cent deposit , prepay the freight 
and allow 10 DAYS FREE TRIAL. 
IT ONLY COSTS one cent to learn ou* 
unheard of prices and marvelous efftrt 
on highest grade 1913 model bicycles. 
FACTORY PRICES a bicycle or 
a pair of tires from anyone at any prict 
until you write for our large Art Catalog 
j and learn our -wonderfulproposition ou first 
! sample bicycle going to your town. 
RIDER AfiEMTS JTJrSrS" 
money exhibiting and selling our bicycles. 
We Sell cheaper than any other factory 
_ TIRES, Coaster-Brake rear wheole f 
lamps, repairs and all sundries at half usual prie 
Do Not Walt; write today for our special offer. r 
MEAD CYCLE CO., Dept* B80, CHICAGO 
RunningWater 
in House and Barn at even 
temperature Winter or Sum-^raP^ 
mer at Small Cost. 
Send Postal for New Water Supply 
.Plan. It will bring you 100 pictures 
of it in actual use. Do. it Now. 
Aermotor Co., 1144 S. Campbell Av-, Chicago^H^ 
Aermotor Co.. 2d and Madison Streets, Oakland, ill Cal. 
IT PAYS TO’ USE 
FARMOGERM 
THE STANDARD INOCULATION 
BEWARE OP IMITATORS 
ON SOY BEANS-COW PEAS 
VETCH - CLOVERS - ALFALFA 
FREE BOOK NO, 54 
ERP-THOMAS FARMOGERM CO., BLOOMFIELD. N. J 
Steel Wheels 
Save YOUR Back 
Z 
Save draft — save repairs. 
Don’t rut roads or fields. Send today for free 
illustrated catalog of wheels and wagons. 
Electri c Wheel Co., 4 8 Elm St., Quincy, III. 
A small Norwegian lad presented him¬ 
self before a Minnesota school teacher, 
who first asked him his name. “Pete Pet¬ 
ersen,” he replied. “And bow old are 
you?” the teacher next asked. “I not 
know how old I bane,” said the lad. 
“Well, when were you born?” continued 
the teacher. “I not born at all; I got 
stepm utter.”—Metropolitan. 
Equal To Finest Auto Springs 
I in principle, quality of steel and grade 
’of workmanship—in fact, made in a large , 
auto spring plant—Harvey Bolster Springs can I 
[ not be excelled for resiliency, durability and , 
l appearance. Get a set and save many dollars 
hauling your perishables. Beware of 
substitutes. If not at your dealer's, write us. 
Harvey Spring Co., 71617tt>St.. Bacine.Wis. 
GKKlsgi&S 
RYEY BOLSTER SPRINGS- 
utctec^Sr 
You can learn to drive 
in 30 minutes! 
Even if you have never seen a Cartercar you can 
take it out on the road and in 30 minutes you 
drive it perfectly. It’s so simple—so easily con¬ 
trolled there’s nothing to confuse. This is the car 
that has no transmission gears—not even a clutch. 
Unlimited Speeds 
All controlled by one lever. 
You also have power to easily 
climb 50% hills. No jerks nor 
jars — meaning double tire 
mileage. 
Electric Starter 
All Cartercars equipped with 
the excellent “Jesco” Electric 
Starting and Lighting System. 
Both lights and cranking con¬ 
trolled by one small knob. 
Send for new Catalog and find out 
about this remarkable service car . 
Cartercar Company, Pontiac, Mich. 
