1913. 
797 
Ruralisms 
YELLOW NEWTOWN IN WASHINGTON. 
Besides the well known commercial 
varieties, I have planted 150 Yellow 
.Newtown apple trees. What is Mr. Van 
Deman’s opinion as to success of this 
apple in Stevens Co., Washington, at 
3,000 feet elevation? h. G. 
Addy, Wash. 
Although I have never been in Stevens 
County, Wash., I have been in parts of 
that State where I could see across the 
county line and I have seen many speci¬ 
mens of the Yellow Newtown grown there. 
It is quite sure to he suitable to the 
reigons there, 3,000 feet above the sea 
level, and much lower as well. It suc¬ 
ceeds well all over that northwestern 
country and in many places that are 
not 300 feet above sea level, as is the 
case at some places in the Hood River, 
Oregon, region. But the higher eleva¬ 
tions are the better ones for late keeping 
of the fruit. h. e. van deman. 
SPRAYING ON ROUGH LANDS. 
The spraying of orchards on rough 
lands is one of the problems that we 
West Virginia farmers have to meet, and 
THE RURAL 
and the rest drop off. Some of the 
stems are almost entirely bare, others, 
about half. Last year the berries set 
well, and I looked forward to a bumper 
crop, only to have half of them drop 
off at about this time. This year they 
are doing the same thing, only the ber¬ 
ries are hardly formed, merely the blos¬ 
soms that are dropping, leaving the lower 
half of stem bare. For the last two 
years we have had a late freeze when 
in blossom. Could this be the reason? 
I don’t know what else to lay it to, 
as all the varieties are the same, and 
apparently are in a fine, healthy condi¬ 
tion. a. l. v. 
New Jersey. 
From the desci’iption of the condition 
of the currant bushes and their fruit 
and the fact that there have been frosts 
at time of blooming it would seem that 
the fruit has failed to set because of 
frost. There is no disease, so far as I 
know, that would cause the berries to 
drop from one part of the clusters and 
leave the rest. It seems probable that 
there have been frosts that caught the 
flowers on the butt ends of the clusters 
just in the state to be injured at one 
time and on the tips at another. Per¬ 
haps there will be no trouble of this 
.kind next year. There should be no 
neglect of good treatment, and if the 
seasons are favorable there is reason to 
A SPRAYING OUTFIT FOR HILLY GROUND. Fig. 2S1. 
one that is hard in some cases. The 
picture of the spraying outfit. Fig. 281, 
is the best outfit that I have ever run 
across for the purpose of getting any¬ 
where that a tree will grow successfully, 
and I have some in places that you 
would think could never be reached by 
spray. The picture does not show how 
rough the orchard is, for it was taken 
in one of the best places. This pump 
and tank cost about $30, everything 
complete, and is rigged up on one of the 
farm wagons, so that it can be taken 
off at the end of the spraying season and 
put in to dry. With this outfit and 
the team of mules that I have I can 
haul a hundred gallons of mixture almost 
any place that it is safe to take a team. 
You might think that a power sprayer 
would be more satisfactory, but I have 
not found it so, for the added weight of 
the engine would make the weight so 
much more that we could not haul 
enough water. With this outfit and three 
men we put on about 400 gallons per day 
when we had to haul the water nearly a 
mile. 
The water question is one that we have 
the most trouble with on these hills, for 
we have to haul it all from the creek. I 
am trying the method of digging basins on 
rhe hills and letting them fill up in the 
V inter. If we can find the right kind of 
s °il to Gig them in so that they will not 
leak we shall be all right, but the 
trouble with most of our soil is that 
water leaches through it too easily. I 
have never tried the dust spray yet, but 
' x pect that we shall have to use 
that method more extensively on our 
hills - L. G. ZINN. 
Putnam Co., W. Va. 
expect good returns. There are far too 
few currants grown and they usually 
find ready sale in market. 
II. E. VAN DEMAN. 
USE OF ALSIKE CLOVER. 
I am desirous of seeding to clover, and 
have been told that Alsike clover is 
well adapted to laud that is inclined to 
be wet, but I am not informed as to its 
leguminous and humus properties. Will 
you give its characteristics? As a volun¬ 
teer it has made good growth in bunches 
on our land. f. d. 
Renton Harbor. Mich. 
We find Alsike clover superior to Red 
on damp land, or where the soil is sour. 
Since learning that the Alsike does better 
under these conditions we have adopted 
the plan of mixing seed of the two kinds 
half and half when seeding. Since 
doing this we have quite frequently 
found the field well covered with Alsike 
while only here and there was a plant 
of the Red left. The Alsike does not 
give as heavy a yield of hay per acre 
as the Red, but makes a better quality of 
feeding hay, since the stems are not as 
hard and coarse. If it makes a good 
volunteer growth on your soil we would 
by all means sow it, for it has the 
ability of other clovers of taking nitrogen 
from the air. 
NEW-YORKER 
the veneer strips around the trees all 
the year, or would it be better to put 
on wire screen and leave it on the year 
around as protection. Of course neither 
of these will keep out borers, and the 
wooden strips probably might shade the 
trunk too much, and both might make a 
harboring place for insects, particularly 
if grass and weeds grew up around 
them. g. F. 
Connecticut. 
WHY DO THE CURRANTS DROP? 
I have a patch containing about 500 
v. ? U o ts , fr ? m three to six years old, 
•m i V/' 8 , b £ mg Perfection, Fay. Wilder 
‘ . Cross. These bushes are on 
have lla d good care, have been 
Ill and .sprayed; make good annual 
VP nr' y* an ? blossom profusely each 
- a • -Dernes set on upper half of stem 
SUMMER INJURY BY RABBITS. 
I have been using the wooden veneer 
strips to protect young apple trees 
from mice and rabbits during the Winter. 
They are a success; but last Summer I 
had more or less damage all through 
the season from rabbits and woodchucks. 
Can someone tell me how I can protect 
the trees from the woodchucks and rab¬ 
bits through the Summer, as they en¬ 
tirely ruined quite a number of trees? 
Cannot the tree trunks be painted with 
something that will keep away these 
animals and keep out borers at same 
time? Would it not do to use good 
strong whitewash with something added 
that is distasteful to the animals? 
Would there be any harm in leaving 
DISEASED SPINACH, 
What is the matter with my spinach? 
I enclose a leaf. It grows finely to about 
four or five inches high; then all turns 
like the enclosed leaf. g. b. 
Ridgewood, N. J. 
The trouble is the disease called hetero- 
sporiose, which has been very destructive 
to commercial spinach crops in Eastern 
Y irginia, and is also now appearing far¬ 
ther north. It first shows as brown 
spots, which later become sooty as the 
fungus develops. The greatest injury is 
usually shown by the older leaves, but 
at times it affects all stages of the plant. 
This disease is not believed to attack 
healthy vigorous plants, but usually fol¬ 
lows lowered vitality resulting from 
other injury. It often follows downy 
mildew. The leaf sent showed some 
thrips, which would be decidedly weak¬ 
ening. Methods of control are general 
hygienic precautions, good culture, raking 
up and destroying all dead and diseased 
leaves, lessening insect attack, and fol¬ 
lowing a rotation of crops. The thrips 
can be routed by plenty of cold water, 
applied with good force from the hose, 
which, while impracticable in large {Bant¬ 
ings, may be done in the home gardens. 
Of course one would not like to flavor 
“greens” with contact poisons or kero¬ 
sene emulsion. 
The Vanilla orchid is now grown 
commercially in the island of St. Vin¬ 
cent. West Indies, being introduced from 
the Seychelles. -It grows there up to an 
altitude of 1.500 feet with a yearly rain¬ 
fall of 120 inches. The plants thrive 
best when planted on steins of the tree 
fern, Cyathea arborea. 
Flower crops occupy the following 
areas in the Department of Var. France: 
Violets, 1,500 acres; carnations, 215 
acres; roses, 215 acres; Anemones, Ra¬ 
nunculus, etc., ISO acres; Mimosa, 112 
acres. The total value of these crops 
amounts to about $1,000,000. There is 
said to be a falling off in orders of 
immortelles from Germany, but the 
American trade has increased. In the 
vicinity of Toulon, France, there are 662 
acres in immortelles, and the United 
States is the heaviest buyer. About 3,000 
acres near Toulon are devoted to Nar¬ 
cissus and hyacinth bulbs, producing 
about 25,000,000 bulbs; about 50 per 
cent, of the crop is said to be taken 
by this country. 
Destroying Mulleins. —Tell H. D. 
M., New York, to pull the mulleins early 
in August for a few years, and they 
will be gone when the seeds have all 
grow. Cutting skunk cabbage in May 
with a hoe will exterminate it in a few 
years. E . p. f. 
West Ivortright, N. Y'. 
Grease on Trees.—As to putting axle 
grease on the trunks of trees, I advise 
the man who did to get it off in a hurry 
by washing with some solvent, such as 
solution of potash. I put axle grease 
around some one-year York Imperial and 
Liveland Raspberry trees of mine. They 
showed no effects until August, when 
the tops of each and every tree died. 
Where the axle grease had been, the 
trunk of the tree was shrunken to half 
the normal size. However, sprouts came 
from just above the ground, and these 
are doing well. No more axle grease for 
mine. E. A. 
West Virginia. 
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